Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed, millisecond-duration radio bursts1-3. Recent observations of a Galactic FRB4-8 suggest that at least some FRBs originate from magnetars, but the origin ...of cosmological FRBs is still not settled. Here we report the detection of1,863 bursts in 82 h over 54 days from the repeating source FRB 20201124A (ref.9). These observations show irregular short-time variation ofthe Faraday rotation measure (RM), which scrutinizes the density-weighted line-of-sight magnetic field strength, of individual bursts during the first 36 days, followed by a constant RM. We detected circular polarization in more than half of the burst sample, including one burst reaching a high fractional circular polarization of 75%. Oscillations in fractional linear and circular polarizations, as well as polarization angle as a function of wavelength, were detected. All of these features provide evidence for a complicated, dynamically evolving, magnetized immediate environment within about an astronomical unit (au; Earth-Sun distance) ofthe source. Our optical observations of its Milky-Way-sized, metal-rich host galaxy10-12 show a barred spiral, with the FRB source residing in a low-stellar-density interarm region at an intermediate galactocentric distance. This environment is inconsistent with a young magnetar engine formed during an extreme explosion of a massive star that resulted in a long gamma-ray burst or superluminous supernova.
Background
The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased worldwide in recent decades. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of self‐reported AR and profiles of AR‐related ...comorbidities in the adult population of China over time.
Methods
This study surveyed residents of 18 major cities in mainland China. Telephone interviews were conducted with study participants after sampling target telephone numbers by random digit dialing. The questions asked during telephone interviews were based on those included in validated questionnaires and focused on topics regarding AR, nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), acute/chronic rhinosinusitis (ARS/CRS), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD).
Results
During 2011, a total of 47 216 telephone interviews were conducted, and the overall response rate was 77.5%. When compared with the AR prevalence in 11 cities surveyed in 2005, there was a significant increase in self‐reported adult AR in eight of those cities (P < 0.01). In 2011, the standardized prevalence of self‐reported adult AR in the 18 cities was 17.6%. The concentration of SO2 was positively correlated with the prevalence of AR (r = 0.504, P = 0.033). A multiple regression model showed that the absolute change in household yearly income was significantly associated with the change in the prevalence of AR (R2 = 0.68), after adjusting for PM10, SO2, NO2, temperature, and humidity. The overall prevalences of NAR, ARS, CRS, asthma, and AD in the general population were 16.4%, 5.4%, 2.1%, 5.8%, and 14%, respectively.
Conclusion
During a 6‐year period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of self‐reported AR in the general Chinese adult population. The incidence of AR being accompanied by rhinosinusitis, asthma, or AD was significantly higher among individuals having self‐reported AR compared with the general population.
In order to improve the accuracy of emotional recognition by end-to-end automatic learning of emotional features in spatial and temporal dimensions of electroencephalogram (EEG), an EEG emotional ...feature learning and classification method using deep convolution neural network (CNN) was proposed based on temporal features, frequential features, and their combinations of EEG signals in DEAP dataset. The shallow machine learning models including bagging tree (BT), support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) models and deep CNN models were used to make emotional binary classification experiments on DEAP datasets in valence and arousal dimensions. The experimental results showed that the deep CNN models which require no feature engineering achieved the best recognition performance on temporal and frequency combined features in both valence and arousal dimensions, which is 3.58% higher than the performance of the best traditional BT classifier in valence dimension and 3.29% higher than that of BT classifier in arousal dimension.
Accurate determination of stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances is crucial for Galactic archaeology via large-scale spectroscopic surveys. In this paper, we estimate stellar ...atmospheric parameters -- effective temperature T sub( eff), surface gravity log g and metallicity Fe/H, absolute magnitudes M sub( V) and M sub( Ks), ...-element to metal (and iron) abundance ratio .../M (and .../Fe), as well as carbon and nitrogen abundances C/H and N/H from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectra with a multivariate regression method based on kernel-based principal component analysis, using stars in common with other surveys (Hipparcos, Kepler, Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment) as training data sets. Both internal and external examinations indicate that given a spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) better than 50, our method is capable of delivering stellar parameters with a precision of ~100 K for T sub( eff), ~0.1 dex for log g, 0.3-0.4 mag for M sub( V) and M sub( Ks), 0.1 dex for Fe/H, C/H and N/H, and better than 0.05 dex for .../M (.../Fe). The results are satisfactory even for a spectral SNR of 20. The work presents first determinations of C/H and N/H abundances from a vast data set of LAMOST, and, to our knowledge, the first reported implementation of absolute magnitude estimation directly based on a vast data set of observed spectra. The derived stellar parameters for millions of stars from the LAMOST surveys will be publicly available in the form of value-added catalogues. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Deformation twinning plays a vital role in accommodating plastic deformation of hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) metals, but its mechanisms are still unsettled under high strain rate shock compression. ...Here we investigate deformation twinning in shock-compressed Mg as a typical hcp metal with in situ, ultrafast synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Extension twinning occurs upon shock compression along ⟨112over ¯0⟩ and ⟨101over ¯0⟩, but only upon release for loading along ⟨0001⟩. Such deformation mechanisms are a result of the polarity of deformation twinning, which depends on directionality and relative magnitude of resolved shear stress and may be common for Mg and its alloys in a wide range of strain rates.
In this work, new lignin-based flame retardant LHDs were successfully synthesized through the reaction between lignin, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and hexamethylene ...diisocyanate (HDI). The chemical structure of LHD was characterized by FTIR,
1
H NMR,
31
P NMR. The thermal stability of LHD was studied by TGA. The results showed that the residual carbon content of L15HD (15% of lignin in LHD) at 600 °C reached 16.55%, indicating that this prepared flame retardant can be a type of good char forming agent. LHDs were then applied to prepare flame-retardant lignin-based polyurethane (FLPU). Lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) was synthesized by the reaction between lignin, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the FLPU reached 30.2% when the addition content of L15HD (15% lignin in LHD) in L
20
PU (20% lignin in LPU) was 25%, exhibiting excellent flame-retardant properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the FLPU char residual showed that there was a continuous dense outer carbon layer on the residue surface, and the inner carbon layer had many expansion bubbles, indicating the LHDs have an excellent flame retardant effect for PU. In addition, FLPU presented better hardness and adhesion than PU. The hardness of F
L15-25
L
20
PU (lignin content in LPU was 20%, and added content of L15HD in LPU was 25%) reached 4H, and its adhesion was 0. These excellent properties illustrated that the LHDs are ideal flame retardants and reinforcing agents for LPU because of the co-curing and strong interface between LHD and LPU.
In this work, new lignin-based flame retardant LHDs were successfully synthesized through the reaction between lignin, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
China pushes industry upgrade by relocating the backward industry from the eastern regions to the middle and western areas, but rare studies examine its environment impact. By using the ...prefecture-level panel data and the Difference in Differences method, we evaluate the environment outcome of the industry upgrade in Guangdong province since 2008. We find that the industry upgrade in Pearl River Delta brings pollution in the less developed regions, representing by more volume and intensity in industrial waste gas and solid wastes, not in industrial waste water as the water polluted industries are prohibited from being transferred. Regional analysis shows that eastern Guangdong sees a faster growth in the three pollutants, and western Guangdong and the three cities adjacent to the core cities in Pearl River Delta witness a faster growth in waste gas; western and northern Guangdong, where the main rivers are polled into the Pearl River, show a decline in industrial waste water. The channel check reveals that the industry upgrade transfers pollution both by more industry production and more polluted industry in the less developed regions. Consequently, the industry upgrade in Pearl River Delta does transfer pollution within Guangdong, depending on the policy option and regional location.
. Bachert C, Zhang N (Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium). Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma: novel understanding of the role of IgE ‘above atopy’ (Review). J Intern Med 2012; 272: 133–143.
...Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects more than 10% of the European population and is often associated with asthma. Phenotypes of CRS can be differentiated based on mucosal remodelling and inflammatory patterns. Understanding the role of central mediators, such as interleukin‐5, in these different phenotypes may lead to the development of specific therapeutic approaches. The impact of staphylococcal superantigens has been shown to further modify the immune response, contributing to persistent severe disease via the activation of T and B cells and the formation of local IgE. It is clear that these mechanisms are involved in the systemic spread of upper airway disease with resulting asthma comorbidity, when IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins are present at measurable levels in serum. Recent findings point to superantigens as possible causal agents in the intrinsic form of severe asthma, and an anti‐IgE strategy has shown promising therapeutic potential in nonatopic patients with nasal polyps and asthma. These findings should lead to a clinically relevant endotyping of patients with upper and lower airway disease and to a new understanding of the role of IgE ‘above atopy’.
The pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is produced by active transcription of genes that control cell identity and repression of genes encoding lineage-specifying developmental ...regulators. Here, we use ESC cohesin ChIA-PET data to identify the local chromosomal structures at both active and repressed genes across the genome. The results produce a map of enhancer-promoter interactions and reveal that super-enhancer-driven genes generally occur within chromosome structures that are formed by the looping of two interacting CTCF sites co-occupied by cohesin. These looped structures form insulated neighborhoods whose integrity is important for proper expression of local genes. We also find that repressed genes encoding lineage-specifying developmental regulators occur within insulated neighborhoods. These results provide insights into the relationship between transcriptional control of cell identity genes and control of local chromosome structure.
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•Cohesin ChIA-PET reveals local chromosome structures in the ES cell genome•Super-enhancer-driven cell identity genes occur in insulated chromosome loops•Polycomb-bound lineage-specifying genes occur in insulated chromosome loops•Integrity of insulated neighborhoods is important for normal gene expression
In embryonic stem cells, both super-enhancer-driven cell identity genes and repressed lineage-specifying genes occur in insulated neighborhoods. The integrity of these structural neighborhoods is important for proper expression of nearby genes.
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