Abstract
Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) play an important role in our understanding of supernovae and their feedback on the interstellar environment. SNR G352.7-0.1 is special for its thermal ...composite morphology and double-ring structure. We have performed spectroscopic mapping of the
12
CO and
13
CO
J
= 2–1 lines toward G352.7-0.1 with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope. Broad
12
CO lines are found in the northeastern ring at a local-standard-of-rest velocity range of ∼−50 to −30 km s
−1
, suggesting that the remnant is interacting with molecular clouds at ∼−51 km s
−1
. Thus, we adopt a distance of ∼10.5 kpc for this SNR. The momentum and kinetic energy of the shocked gas along the line of sight are estimated to be ∼10
2
M
☉
km s
−1
and ∼10
46
erg, respectively. We also find an expanding structure around the remnant, which is possibly related to the wind-blown bubble of the progenitor star. From Fermi-LAT data in the energy range 0.1–500 GeV, we find no gamma-ray counterparts to G352.7-0.1.
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•We investigated antibiotic resistome during manure composting by metagenomics.•Moisture was the key environmental factor over composting.•Composting significantly reduced the ...relative abundance of ARGs and MGEs.•Actinobacteria was the primary potential host of ARGs over composting.•Bacterial community and BMRGs profiles structured the antibiotic resistome.
Composting has been widely used to turn livestock manure into organic fertilizer. However, livestock manure contains various contaminants including antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here we investigated the variation of antibiotic resistome and its influencing factors during a commercial livestock manure composting. The results showed that composting could effectively reduce the relative abundance of ARGs and mobile genic elements (MGEs). As the dominant phylum in the composting samples, the key potential bacterial host of ARGs were Actinobacteria such as Leucobacter, Mycobacterium and Thermomonosporaceae unclassified. Meanwhile, Legionella pneumophila, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Haemophilus ducreyi and Siccibacter turicensis may be the key potential pathogenic host of ARGs because of their co-occurrence with ARG subtypes. Redundancy analysis showed that the dissipation of ARGs during composting was linked to various environmental factors such as moisture. Bacterial succession as well as profile of biocide and metal resistance genes (BMRGs) were the determinants which constructed the antibiotic resistome during manure composting. However, the residues of ARGs and pathogens in compost products may still pose risks to human and crops after fertilization.
In this paper, a mathematical model of carbonation process in porous concrete materials is proposed. Based on physio-chemical mechanisms, the whole process can be viewed as the multi-component flow ...coupled the carbon dioxide-moisture-calcium ion transport. The rate of calcium hydroxide dissolution and mass equations are modified to get better descriptions on the physical conservation. An uncoupled finite volume method is proposed to solve the nonlinear parabolic system. Numerical simulations under the normal carbonation condition and the accelerated carbonation condition are presented and analyzed, respectively.
Shift work and jet lag, characterized by circadian misalignment, can disrupt several physiological activities, but whether they affect the rhythm of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity remain ...unclear. In the present study, female C57BL/6J mice were maintained for four weeks under the condition of 8-hour phase advance and delay every 3-4 days to mimic shift work. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were performed repeatedly at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, ZT6, ZT12, and ZT18. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test was performed at ZT6. We found that the average level of daily glucose tolerance did not decrease but the phase of glucose tolerance advanced by 2.27 hours and the amplitude attenuated by 20.4% in shift work mice. At ZT6, IPITT showed blood glucose at 30 min after insulin injection decreased faster in shift work mice (-3.50±0.74mmol/L, -61.58±7.89%) than that in control mice (-2.11±1.10mmol/L, -33.72±17.24%), but IPGTT and GSIS test showed no significant difference between the two groups. Food intake monitor showed that the feeding time of shift work mice continued to advance. Restricting feed to a fixed 12-hour period alleviated the increase of insulin sensitivity induced by shift-work. We also observed that an increase of blood glucose and liver glycogen at ZT0, as well as a phase advance of liver clock genes and some glucose metabolism-related genes such as forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (Pparα) in shift work mice. Our results showed that light change-simulated shift work altered insulin sensitivity during the light phase and shifted glucose tolerance rhythms in female mice, suggesting a causal association between long-term shift work and type 2 diabetes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Antibiotics are widely used in animals for disease treatment and prevention. After use, these antibiotics end up in manure. Here we investigated the fate of veterinary antibiotics in animal manure ...during composting and their residues in manure-applied soils. The results showed that 64.7% of the detected veterinary antibiotics were removed after composting for 171 days, which mainly occurred at the thermophilic phase in the second week, followed by a long stable stage with limited variations. The removal rates for lincomycin, trimethoprim and the macrolides during the composting were >89.7%, while those for the sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were less than <63.7%. The dissipation of antibiotics during the composting was related to the change of compost physicochemical properties, especially moisture and C/N ratio. The application of compost products with antibiotic residues could still lead to soil contamination, which may pose risks of resistance selection to the soil ecosystem.
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•17 veterinary antibiotics were detected during the 171 days of composting.•Tetracyclines and lincomycin were predominant in initial compost.•64.7% of detected antibiotics were removed during composting.•The removal of antibiotics mainly occurred in thermophilic phage.•Usage of compost product posed high risk of resistance selection in soil ecosystem.
Beetles (Coleoptera) are the most diverse and species-rich group of insects, and a robust, time-calibrated phylogeny is fundamental to understanding macroevolutionary processes that underlie their ...diversity. Here we infer the phylogeny and divergence times of all major lineages of Coleoptera by analyzing 95 protein-coding genes in 373 beetle species, including ~67% of the currently recognized families. The subordinal relationships are strongly supported as Polyphaga (Adephaga (Archostemata, Myxophaga)). The series and superfamilies of Polyphaga are mostly monophyletic. The species-poor Nosodendridae is robustly recovered in a novel position sister to Staphyliniformia, Bostrichiformia, and Cucujiformia. Our divergence time analyses suggest that the crown group of extant beetles occurred ~297 million years ago (Mya) and that ~64% of families originated in the Cretaceous. Most of the herbivorous families experienced a significant increase in diversification rate during the Cretaceous, thus suggesting that the rise of angiosperms in the Cretaceous may have been an 'evolutionary impetus' driving the hyperdiversity of herbivorous beetles.
We propose a new image encryption algorithm based on the spatiotemporal chaos of the mixed linear–nonlinear coupled map lattices. This spatiotemporal chaotic system has more outstanding cryptography ...features in dynamics than the logistic map or the system of coupled map lattices does. In the proposed image encryption, we employ the strategy of bit-level pixel permutation which enables the lower bit planes and higher bit planes of pixels permute mutually without any extra storage space. Simulations have been carried out and the results demonstrate the superior security and high efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis) is a woody plant that is widely cultivated in China and Malaysia. Toona sinensis is important economically, including as a nutritious food source, as material for ...traditional Chinese medicine and as a high‐quality hardwood. However, the absence of a reference genome has hindered in‐depth molecular and evolutionary studies of this plant. In this study, we report a high‐quality T. sinensis genome assembly, with scaffolds anchored to 28 chromosomes and a total assembled length of 596 Mb (contig N50 = 1.5 Mb and scaffold N50 = 21.5 Mb). A total of 34,345 genes were predicted in the genome after homology‐based and de novo annotation analyses. Evolutionary analysis showed that the genomes of T. sinensis and Populus trichocarpa diverged ~99.1–103.1 million years ago, and the T. sinensis genome underwent a recent genome‐wide duplication event at ~7.8 million years and one more ancient whole genome duplication event at ~71.5 million years. These results provide a high‐quality chromosome‐level reference genome for T. sinensis and confirm its evolutionary position at the genomic level. Such information will offer genomic resources to study the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and the formation of flavour compounds, which will further facilitate its molecular breeding. As the first chromosome‐level genome assembled in the family Meliaceae, it will provide unique insights into the evolution of members of the Meliaceae.
Wastewater indicator is a useful tool for evaluating the wastewater impact on natural water, but there is little information about the suitability of wastewater indicators for different regions. This ...study aimed to select suitable wastewater indicators in the Pearl River Delta region, south China by screening a range of wastewater related organic compounds. The screening campaign was carried out by investigating the occurrence and removal efficiencies of 93 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 5 artificial sweeteners (ASs) in nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the region, and the occurrence of these target compounds in the contaminated and clean surface water of the Pearl River. An ideal wastewater indicator should be hydrophilic, source-specific for domestic wastewater, ubiquitous in contaminated surface water with detection frequency (DF) >80% and absent in background water samples. For liable indicators, high removal rates (>90%) should be observed in WWTPs and they should be detected in all the influent samples at concentrations fifty times higher than their limits of quantification. For conservative indicators, low removal rates (<50%) should be observed in WWTPs and they should be detected in all the effluent samples at concentrations fifty times higher than their limits of quantification. Based on the above criteria, sucralose and fluconazole were selected as conservative indicators in the region, while cyclamate, saccharin, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, paracetamol, salicylic acid and caffeine were selected as liable indicators.
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•We screened 98 wastewater related organic compounds in WWTPs and rivers.•The criteria include chemical property, removal, detection frequency and ratio.•Cyclamate, saccharin, parabens, paracetamol, salicylic acid and caffeine were liable indicators.•Sucralose and fluconazole were selected as conservative indicators in the region.
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