The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data, discharge rate, and fatality rate of COVID‐19 patients for clinical help. The clinical data of COVID‐19 patients from December 2019 to February ...2020 were retrieved from four databases. We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID‐19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single‐arm meta‐analysis. The available data of 1994 patients in 10 literatures were included in our study. The main clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 patients were fever (88.5%), cough (68.6%), myalgia or fatigue (35.8%), expectoration (28.2%), and dyspnea (21.9%). Minor symptoms include headache or dizziness (12.1%), diarrhea (4.8%), nausea and vomiting (3.9%). The results of the laboratory showed that the lymphocytopenia (64.5%), increase of C‐reactive protein (44.3%), increase of lactic dehydrogenase (28.3%), and leukocytopenia (29.4%) were more common. The results of single‐arm meta‐analysis showed that the male took a larger percentage in the gender distribution of COVID‐19 patients 60% (95% CI 0.54, 0.65), the discharge rate of COVID‐19 patients was 52% (95% CI 0.34,0.70), and the fatality rate was 5% (95% CI 0.01,0.11).
Research Highlights
Our study explored the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID‐19 patients, and proposed the need to focus on other systemic symptoms such as the gastrointestinal tract firstly, which could be of use for clinical work.
It is demonstrated that the luminescence efficiency of monolayers composed of MoS2, WS2, and WSe2 is significantly limited by the substrate and can be improved by orders of magnitude through ...substrate engineering. The substrate affects the efficiency mainly through doping the monolayers and facilitating defect‐assisted nonradiative exciton recombinations, while the other substrate effects including straining and dielectric screening play minor roles. The doping may come from the substrate and substrate‐borne water moisture, the latter of which is much stronger than the former for MoS2 and WS2 but negligible for WSe2. Using proper substrates such as mica or hexagonal boron nitride can substantially mitigate the doping effect. The defect‐assisted recombination depends on the interaction between the defect in the monolayer and the substrate. Suspended monolayers, in which the substrate effects are eliminated, may have efficiency up to 40% at room temperatures. The result provides useful guidance for the rational design of atomic‐scale light emission devices.
Luminescence efficiency in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers can be improved by orders of magnitude through engineering the interaction with substrates. The luminescence efficiency of the monolayers is mainly affected through doping and facilitating nonradiative exciton recombination. Since the doping effect significantly depends on the kind of substrate, choosing the right type of substrates is a crucial step toward maximizing efficiency.
A novel tobacco rods-derived carbon (TC) has been prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and potassium hydroxide activation strategy for supercapacitors application. The physicochemical properties of ...TC are investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, Scanning electron microscopy, Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and four-probe tests. Results show TC derived from different tobacco rods possesses similar properties, such as amorphous state, high specific surface area, hierarchical porous structure, numerous heteroatom groups, and good electrical conductivity. The electrochemical characteristics of TC are examined via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. In a three-electrode system, TC exhibits high capacitance with 286.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent rate performance with 212.1 F g−1 even at 30 A g−1, and outstanding cyclic stability with 96% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Furthermore, TC supercapacitor devices can deliver an energy density of 31.3 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and power density of 11.8 kW kg−1 at 15 A g−1. Therefore, this novel concept of tobacco use, namely tobacco rods from cigarette (the harmful) to high-performance carbon for supercapacitors (the beneficial), is an extremely promising strategy for developing high-performance carbon from renewable sources, and supporting the tobacco control.
Display omitted
•Tobacco rods (TR) from different producing places were used as precursors.•TR-derived carbon (TC) was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and KOH activation.•TC possesses high SSA, hierarchical porous structure, and numerous heteroatom groups.•TC exhibits high capacitance, excellent rate performance, and long-term stability.•TR from cigarette to high-performance carbon is a novel concept of tobacco use.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second most important oilseed crop in the world but the genetic diversity underlying its massive phenotypic variations remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the ...sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of eight B. napus accessions. Using pan-genome comparative analysis, millions of small variations and 77.2-149.6 megabase presence and absence variations (PAVs) were identified. More than 9.4% of the genes contained large-effect mutations or structural variations. PAV-based genome-wide association study (PAV-GWAS) directly identified causal structural variations for silique length, seed weight and flowering time in a nested association mapping population with ZS11 (reference line) as the donor, which were not detected by single-nucleotide polymorphisms-based GWAS (SNP-GWAS), demonstrating that PAV-GWAS was complementary to SNP-GWAS in identifying associations to traits. Further analysis showed that PAVs in three FLOWERING LOCUS C genes were closely related to flowering time and ecotype differentiation. This study provides resources to support a better understanding of the genome architecture and acceleration of the genetic improvement of B. napus.
The development of highly efficient bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for improving the efficiency of the Zn–air battery. ...Herein, we report porous NiO/CoN interface nanowire arrays (PINWs) with both oxygen vacancies and a strongly interconnected nanointerface between NiO and CoN domains for promoting the electrocatalytic performance and stability for OER and ORR. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations demonstrate that the decrease of the coordination number for cobalt, the enhanced oxygen vacancies on the NiO/CoN nanointerface, and strongly coupled nanointerface between NiO and CoN domains are responsible for the good bifunctional electrocatalytic performance of NiO/CoN PINWs. The primary Zn–air batteries, using NiO/CoN PINWs as an air–cathode, display an open-circuit potential of 1.46 V, a high power density of 79.6 mW cm–2, and an energy density of 945 Wh kg–1. The three-series solid batteries fabricated by NiO/CoN PINWs can support a timer to work for more than 12 h. This work demonstrates the importance of interface coupling and oxygen vacancies in the development of high-performance Zn–air batteries.
To investigate the dynamic gene expression during B. napus development and provide an easy access visualization of the expression levels of B. napus genes, we performed RNA-seq for 91 different ...tissue samples including root, seedling, stem, 1st-23rd leaves from the main branch, flower buds (2 and 4 mm), flower tissues (sepal, petal, filament, and pollen), silique walls (2–60 day after flowering (DAF), with 2-day intervals) and seeds (14–64 DAF, with 2-day intervals) (Figure 1a). BnTIR is a refined transcriptome platform for Brassica napus. (a) Summary of statistics for transcriptome sequencing of diverse tissue types of B. napus. (b) The homepage of BnTIR. (c) Architecture of BnTIR database, including data source layer, middleware layer, and application layer. (d) eFP viewer. (e) Tissue expression viewer. (f) Co-expression viewer. (g) JBrower viewer. (h) Blast module. (i) Gene index module. (j) Sequence fetch module. (k) Transcription factor module. (l–o) A case of application of BnTIR, including the phylogenetic tree and expression profile of BAN and their four B. napus homolog genes (l); expression comparison of B. napus BAN homolog genes in seed and silique wall (m); the co-expression network of homolog genes of BAN (n); and expression profile of co-expressed genes of BAN (o). According to PlantTFDB, the information of 58 TF families in B. napus is also provided in the tool interface (Figure 1k; http://planttfdb.gao-lab.org/).
Four polysaccharide fractions (P‐1: 71.40%, P‐2: 1.95%, P‐3: 1.14%, P‐4: 1.64%) were isolated from crude Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP), processed by water extraction, ethanol ...precipitation, and further separated with diethylaminoethyl cellulose‐52 anion‐exchange chromatography. Their molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions were characterized by high performance gel chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector and ultraviolet–visible detector. The antioxidant activity of four polysaccharides fractions were assessed by the electron transfer menchanism (DPPH, ferric reducing power, and ABST assays) and chelation of transition metals (Fe2+ and Cu2+ chelation ability). The highest content fraction P‐1 exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity, and the ranking of antioxidant capacity was P‐4 > P‐3 > P‐2 > PSP > P‐1. After processed by microwave‐assisted degradation, the molecular weight of P‐1 was decreased from 2.99 × 105 to 2.33 × 103 Da, while the antioxidant activity of degraded P‐1 was about eightfold higher than natural P‐1. These results indicated that the proposed microwave‐assisted degradation approach was an efficacious methodology to improve their bioactivity by lower the molecular weight of polysaccharides.
Practical Application
This study provided an environmentally friendly, convenient and efficient microwave‐assisted degradation technology to process the neutral polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum. The results could be used for the development and utilization of various plant polysaccharides as a kind of food supplement in our daily life.
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a pharmacologically lipophilic active constituent isolated from the roots and rhizomes of the Chinese medicinal herb
Bunge (Danshen). Tan IIA is currently used in China ...and other neighboring countries to treat patients with cardiovascular system, diabetes, apoplexy, arthritis, sepsis, and other diseases. Recently, it was reported that tan IIA could have a wide range of antitumor effects on several human tumor cell lines, but the research of the mechanism of tan IIA is relatively scattered in cancer. This review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the anticancer effects of tan IIA and to provide a novel perspective on clinical use of tan IIA.
Display omitted
► A novel copper oxidate catalyst activated persulfate to generate SO4- was investigated. ► Dissolved Cu2+ was regarded as the key factor activating the persulfate at pH 3.0. ► ...Heterogeneous catalysis played the main role in the oxidation of p-chloroaniline at pH 5 and 7. ► p-Chloroaniline removal would occur on the boundary-layer of solid surface at pH 7. ► Base activation of persulfate and heterogeneous catalysis was occurred at pH 11.
Oxidation of p-chloroaniline (PCA) by persulfate (PS) performed with a novel supported copper oxidate catalyst in an aqueous solution at ambient temperature (i.e. 20°C) was investigated in this study. This study focused mainly on determining the proportions of heterogeneous catalysis in the copper oxidate/PS combined system. There existed a more remarkable effect on the degradation of PCA in the copper oxidate/PS combined system than in the Cu2+/PS or only PS system. The effects of copper oxidate dosage, persulfate concentration, and initial solution pH on the oxidation of PCA were also evaluated. Higher copper oxidate dosage and persulfate concentration resulted in higher PCA degrading rates, the optimal initial pH was determined as 7.0. Moreover, the change in the degradation of PCA by pH was also investigated in terms of the contribution of dissolved copper ion in leaching solution. We inferred that homogeneous catalysis was of increasing importance and the copper ion dissolved from the copper oxidate was regarded as the key factor activating the persulfate under acidic conditions (pH 3.0), heterogeneous catalysis played the main role in the oxidation of PCA at pH 5–7. However, both heterogeneous catalysis and base-activated persulfate contributed to the degradation of PCA under alkaline conditions (pH 11). In addition, the radical mechanism was studied and three radical scavengers (phenol, methanol (MA) and Tert-butanol (TBA)) were used to determine the kind of major active areas taking part in the PCA degradation at pH 7.
PDF
