As a city undergoes large-scale construction and expansion, there is an urgent need to monitor the stability of the ground and infrastructure. The time-series InSAR technique is an effective tool for ...measuring surface displacements. However, interpreting these displacements in a built environment, where observed displacements consist of mixed signals, poses a challenge. This study uses principal component analysis (PCA) and the k-means clustering method for exploring deformation series within an unsupervised learning context. The PCA method extracts the dominant components in deformation series, whereas the clustering method identifies similar deformation series. This method was tested on Kunming City (KMC) using C-band Sentinel-1, X-band TerraSAR-X, and L-band ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data acquired between 2017 to 2022. The experiment demonstrated that the suggested unsupervised learning approach can group PS points with similar kinematic characteristics. Five types of deformation kinematic characteristics were discovered in the three SAR datasets: upward, slight upward, stability, slight downward, and downward. According to the results, less than 20% of points exhibit significant motion trends, whereas 50% show small velocity values but still demonstrate movement trends. The remaining 30% are relatively stable. Similar clustering results were obtained from the three datasets using unsupervised methods, highlighting the effectiveness of identifying spatial–temporal patterns over the study area. Moreover, It was found that clustering based on kinematic characteristics enhances the interpretation of InSAR deformation, particularly for points with small deformation velocities. Finally, the significance of PCA decomposition in interpreting InSAR deformation was discussed, as it can better represent series with noise, enabling their accurate identification.
Ocean‐plate stratigraphy (OPS) refers to the lithostratigraphic column atop an ocean plate, which becomes scraped off during subduction and preserved in accretionary complex (AC). Herein, based on ...structural, stratigraphic, and geochronological studies of ACs from the Bangong‐Nujiang suture, we demonstrate that OPS can facilitate interpreting structural and compositional heterogeneities in ACs. Carefully correlated OPSs reveal that, on the overall sediment‐rich lower plate, different types of basement topography correspond to the accretion of distinct litho‐structural assemblages. In particular, subduction of the major, high‐relief Zhonggang seamount eroded the earlier margin and was subsequently accreted as coherent seamount slices. In contrast, subduction of the lower‐relief, Gaize seamount halted frontal accretion of trailing sediments, which were dragged downward to the seismogenic depth and underplated as pervasive, shear‐related broken formations. Such broken formations may fingerprint past lower‐relief‐seamount subduction in other fossil ACs.
Plain Language Summary
Subduction of ocean plates is an important process on Earth. During subduction, ocean‐floor materials can be peeled off the subducting plate and become preserved in the overlying plate as the so‐called accretionary complex. These ocean‐floor materials record the stacking pattern of rock layers on the ocean plate, which is recognized as ocean‐plate stratigraphy. In this study, based on careful examination of the ocean‐plate stratigraphy from different areas within a fossil accretionary complex in central Tibet, topographic and compositional variations on top of an ocean plate before subduction are restored to explain the deformation pattern of this accretionary complex. In particular, subduction of a major seamount, which had a significant height above the sea floor, caused erosion to the overlying plate and then added well‐bedded rocks, scraped from the seamount, to the erosive “scar." In contrast, a lower‐relief seamount, which was largely buried in sediments, subducted deeper into the earthquake‐generating depth before being peeled off in the subduction zone. Sediments trailing this seamount were dragged into a similar depth, becoming chaotic rock units, characterized as pervasive “block‐in‐matrix” fabrics due to prolonged subduction‐related deformation. Such pervasively deformed sediments may be used to identify former seamount subduction in other on‐land accretionary complexes.
Key Points
Ocean‐plate stratigraphy (OPS) enables tracking subduction‐accretion processes in space and time and interpreting accretionary diversity and mélange fabric
Three types of topography on sediment‐rich lower plate, recognized in OPSs, induced the accretion of distinct litho‐structural assemblages
Thick, pervasive, shear‐related broken formations in accretionary complexes represent shadow zones trailing subducted seamounts
Application of gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) in lithium-ion polymer batteries can address many shortcomings associated with liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries. Due to their physical structure, ...GPEs exhibit lower ion conductivity compared to their liquid counterparts. In this work, we have investigated and report improved ion conductivity in GPEs doped with ionic liquid. Samples containing ionic liquid at a variety of volume percentages (vol %) were characterized for their electrochemical and ionic properties. It is concluded that excess ionic liquid can damage internal structure of the batteries and result in unwanted electrochemical reactions; however, samples containing 40-50 vol % ionic liquid exhibit superior ionic properties and lower internal resistance compared to those containing less or more ionic liquids.
Few-shot knowledge graph completion (FKGC) is a new research hotspot in the field of knowledge graph completion, which aims to complete knowledge graph with a few samples of data. This task is of ...great importance in practical application and the fields of knowledge graph. In order to further promote the development of the field of FKGC, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current methods. Firstly, this paper describes the concept of FKGC and related content. Secondly, three types of FKGC methods are summarized based on technical methods, including scale learning-based methods, meta learning-based methods, and other model-based methods. In addition, this paper analyzes and summarizes each method from the perspectives of model core, model ideas, advantages and disadvantages, etc. Then, the datasets and evaluation indexes of FKGC method are summarized, and the FKGC method is analyzed from two aspects of model characteristics and experimental results. Finally, starting from the practical problems, this paper s
The entity and relation extraction task, which is the technical source of constructing and updating large-scale knowledge graph, aims to identify the relationship between entities from unstructured ...text. Among the existing joint extraction methods of entity and relation, parallel decoding of tuples efficiently generates tuples by set prediction. However, this method ignores the interaction between entity and relationship, and entity subject and object, resulting in the generation of invalid tuples. To address this problem, this paper proposes a joint extraction model of entity and relation based on dual set prediction networks. To enhance the interaction between relationships and entities, a dual set prediction network is used to decode the tuples in parallel, and the entity information and relationship types in the tuples are generated sequentially. The first set prediction network models the set of tuples and decodes the subject-object information in the tuple. The second set prediction network models the s
To address drug resistance caused by ALK kinase mutations, especially the most refractory and predominant mutation G1202R for the second-generation ALK inhibitor, a series of new ...diarylaminopyrimidine analogues were designed by incorporating a resorcinol moiety (A-ring) to interact the ALK kinase domain where the G1202R is located. Compound 12d turns out as the most potent with IC50 values of 1.7, 3.5, and 1.8 nM against ALK wild type, gatekeeper mutant L1196M, and the G1202R mutant, respectively. More importantly, compound 12d has excellent inhibitory effects against the proliferation of BaF3 cells specifically expressing ALK wild type, gatekeeper L1196M, and the most challenging mutant G1202R, with IC50 values all less than 1.5 nM. Collectively, compound 12d is worthy of further investigation as a new more potent third-generation ALK inhibitor to circumvent drug resistance of both the first-generation and the second-generation inhibitors.
Display omitted
•G1202R is the most refractory ALK mutation accounting for ALK inhibitor resistance.•By introducing a resorcinol moiety, we identified 12d as a new ALK inhibitor.•12d showed IC50s of 3.5 and 1.8 nM respectively against G1202R mutants.•12d exerted antiproliferative effects in a set of ALK-addicted cancer cells.•12d significantly inhibited the proliferation of G1202R-expressing BaF3 cells.
ABSTRACTIncreased tourism forms subdivide the tourism market. Therefore, distinguishing spatiotemporal behaviors of different types of tourists is of great significance for tourism marketing and ...planning. In this study, we constructed a Spatial–Temporal-Preference model based on spatial clustering, seasonal-trend decomposition and statistical analysis, using multi-source data. It provides a novel frame for comparing tourist behavioral characteristics from a new perspective. Meanwhile, providing a method to rapidly identify the Tourism Infrastructure Supply and Demand Pattern (TISDP) fusing nighttime light and social media data. Then the framework was applied to analyze the differences between sightseeing tourists (STs) and cycling tourists (CTs) in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed clear spatial differences in location popularity and flow data with STs favoring northwestern Yunnan, and CTs favoring eastern Yunnan. Tourist behavior varied also seasonally and tourists preferred visiting minority areas or areas with better infrastructure. The tourism industry in the study area developed rapidly after 2013, although still with an unbalanced infrastructure supply and demand. The CTs loss areas were greater in northeastern and northwestern Yunnan and south of Kunming. The proposed methods help to identify differences in tourism activities and has important implications to tourism infrastructure planning and sustainable development.
Purpose
We propose the utilization of patient-specific concentric-tube robots (CTRs) whose designs are optimized to enhance their volumetric reachability of the renal stone, thus reducing the ...morbidities associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures. By employing a nested optimization-driven scheme, this work aims to determine a single surgical tract through which the patient-tailored CTR is deployed. We carry out a sensitivity analysis on the combined percutaneous access and optimized CTR design with respect to breathing-induced excursion of the kidneys based on preoperative images. Further, an investigation is also performed of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the percutaneous access provided by the proposed algorithm compared to that of an expert urologist.
Methods
The method is based on an ellipsoidal approximation to the renal calculi and a grid search over candidate skin areas and available renal calyces using an anatomically constrained kinematic mapping of the CTR. Percutaneous access is selected for collision-free CTR deployment to the centroid of the stones with minimal positional error at the renal calyx. Further optimization of the CTR design results in a robot tailored to the therapeutic anatomical features of each clinical case. The study examined 14 sets of clinical data of PCNL patients, analyzing stone reachability using preoperative images and breathing-induced motions of the kidney. An experienced urologist qualitatively assessed the adequacy of percutaneous access generated by the algorithm.
Results
An assessment conducted by an expert urologist found that the percutaneous accesses produced by the proposed approach were found to be comparable to those chosen by the expert surgeon in most clinical cases. The simulated results demonstrated a mean volume coverage of
81.6
%
±
19.6
%
for static anatomy and
63.7
%
±
27.7
%
and
69.0
%
±
25.4
%
when considering a 1 cm excursion of the kidney in the craniocaudal directions due to respiration or tool-tissue interaction.
Conclusion
The optimization-driven scheme for determining a single tract surgical plan, coupled with the use of a patient-specific CTR, shows promising results for improving percutaneous access in PCNL procedures. This approach clearly shows the potential for enhancing the quality and suitability of percutaneous accesses, addressing the challenges posed by staghorn and non-staghorn stones during PCNL procedures. Further research involving clinical validation is necessary to confirm these findings and explore the potential clinical benefits of the approach.
Rice seedling blight is a globally occurring seedling disease caused by multiple pathogens. It is currently the most common disease affecting rice production in northeast China; hence, determining ...the causal agents, including its biological characteristics, host range, and fungicide efficacy is vital for its effective management. The present study obtained 45 pathogenic isolates from diseased rice seedlings in Suihua, Heilongjiang Province, China. Of these, five pathogens were identified based on their morphology and molecular identification, while 10 oomycete isolates were identified as Pythium aristosporum—the first to be reported in rice seedling blight. Its optimum growth conditions include a temperature of 25 °C, pH 6, and photoperiod of 24 h. Except for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), black soybean (Glycine max var.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), P. aristosporum can potentially infect and cause seedling blight on other hosts, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Its isolates were found to be highly sensitive to metalaxyl + propamocarb (EC50 = 0.0138 μg/mL) with 84.1% efficacy at 313 μg/mL. These results can serve as the basis for controlling P. aristosporum.
Candida sp. 99-125 lipase immobilized on textile membrane was pretreated with several methods to improve its activity and methanol tolerance for biodiesel production. Lipase pretreatments with short ...chain alcohols from n-propyl alcohol to isobutyl alcohol did not have any positive effect on the lipase activity and methanol tolerance. While lipase treated with methanol solutions from 10 to 20% volume concentrations did enhance the enzyme activity and methanol tolerance, and this lipase activation effect did not exist when methanol volume concentration was 40%. 1
mM salt solutions of (NH
4)
2SO
4, CaCl
2, KCl, K
2SO
4 and MgCl
2 pretreatments were the useful tools to improve the lipase activity and methanol tolerance. The reason might be that salts could incorporate with the protein molecular to form a more stable molecular to resist conformation change induced by high methanol concentration. The operational stability of pretreated lipase was improved dramatically for biodiesel production during batch reactions.
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