Hydrogen spillover phenomenon of metal-supported electrocatalysts can significantly impact their activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, design of active electrocatalysts faces grand ...challenges due to the insufficient understandings on how to overcome this thermodynamically and kinetically adverse process. Here we theoretically profile that the interfacial charge accumulation induces by the large work function difference between metal and support (∆Φ) and sequentially strong interfacial proton adsorption construct a high energy barrier for hydrogen transfer. Theoretical simulations and control experiments rationalize that small ∆Φ induces interfacial charge dilution and relocation, thereby weakening interfacial proton adsorption and enabling efficient hydrogen spillover for HER. Experimentally, a series of Pt alloys-CoP catalysts with tailorable ∆Φ show a strong ∆Φ-dependent HER activity, in which PtIr/CoP with the smallest ∆Φ = 0.02 eV delivers the best HER performance. These findings have conclusively identified ∆Φ as the criterion in guiding the design of hydrogen spillover-based binary HER electrocatalysts.
This paper summarizes the current knowledge regarding the possible modes of action and nutritional factors involved in the use of essential oils （EOs） for swine and poultry. EOs have recently ...attracted increased interest as feed additives to be fed to swine and poultry, possibly replacing the use of antibiotic growth promoters which have been prohibited in the European Union since 2006. In general, EOs enhance the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic stress in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and reinforce the animal＇s immune status, which help to explain the enhanced performance observed in swine and poultry. However, the mechanisms involved in causing this growth promotion are far from being elucidated, since data on the complex gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system are still lacking. In addition, limited information is available regarding the interaction between EOs and feed ingredients or other feed additives （especially pro- or prebiotics and organic acids）. This knowledge may help feed formulators to better utilize EOs when they formulate diets for poultry and swine.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Graphene with atomic layer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal structure has attracted multidisciplinary attention since its discovery. Due to the inherent advantages of large specific ...surface area and abundant functional groups, its derivative graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials have achieved large-scale development in effective pollution treatment. In the past few years, novel GO-based nanomaterials through coupling with other nanomaterials have been synthesized with significant process and applied for efficient elimination of different kinds of pollutants. This paper aims to summarize recent research results on the excellent removal ability of GO-based nanomaterials for various heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The synthesis, adsorption process characteristics and interaction mechanism of the adsorbent are emphasized and discussed. The effects of various environmental conditions are outlined. At last, a brief summary, perspective and outlook are presented. This review is intended to provide some thrilling information for the design and manufacture of GO-based nanomaterials for the elimination of heavy metal ions from wastewater in environmental pollution management.
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•Synthesis and surface modification of GO-based composites are reviewed.•Applications of different GO-based composites for metal ions elimination are reviewed.•Interaction mechanism of metal ions with GO-based composites is discussed.•Sorption capacities of metal ions on GO-based composites and other materials are compared.•Perspective of GO-based composites in pollution management is summarized.
The synthesis of graphene oxide-based materials and their application in the efficient elimination of different metal ions are summarized and compared with other materials. The interaction mechanism is discussed in detail.
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•Strong electronic metal-support interactions (EMSI) between Pt and CeO2 nanorods.•Efficient and selective hydrogenation of quinolines by Pt/CeO2 at room temperature.•Strong EMSI ...enables the enhanced electronic density of Pt anchored on CeO2 nanorods.•Modulated electronic structures of Pt deliver high capability for hydrogen cleavage.•Modulated electronic structures of Pt improve the chemoselectivity.
Selectively catalytic hydrogenation of various quinolines in the presence of other reducible groups into the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline compounds under mild conditions is a particular challenge for the heterogeneous catalysts due to the natural chemical stability of quinolines and poor chemoselectivity. Pt-based catalysts generally deliver good catalytic activity and selectivity for hydrogenation of quinolines with other reducible groups. However, the over-hydrogenated by-products are also often observed. Herein, Pt nanoparticles supported on CeO2 nanorods (Pt/NR-CeO2) realized highly efficient and chemoselective hydrogenation of various functionalized quinolines at room temperature. The unusual catalytic performance can be attributed to the strong electronic metal-support interactions (EMSI) between Pt and NR-CeO2 with the abundant surface oxygen vacancy, resulting in the enhanced electronic density of Pt nanoparticles. Subsequently, the modulated electronic structure of Pt enables the efficient hydrogen activation at room temperature, leading to a TOF of 546 h−1 of Pt/NR-CeO2 for the selective hydrogenation of 6-chloroquinolines. Density functional theory calculations also reveal that the high electron density of Pt benefits the desorption of the hydrogenated products and thus avoids the over-hydrogenation effectively.
Abstract
Carbon neutrality initiative has stimulated the development of the sustainable methodologies for hydrogen generation and safe storage. Aqueous-phase reforming methanol and H
2
O (APRM) has ...attracted the particular interests for their high gravimetric density and easy availability. Thus, to efficiently release hydrogen and significantly suppress CO generation at low temperatures without any additives is the sustainable pursuit of APRM. Herein, we demonstrate that the dual-active sites of Pt single-atoms and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) on porous nanorods of CeO
2
enable the efficient additive-free H
2
generation with a low CO (0.027%) through APRM at 120 °C. Mechanism investigations illustrate that the Pt single-atoms and Lewis acidic sites cooperatively promote the activation of methanol. With the help of a spontaneous water dissociation on FLPs, Pt single-atoms exhibit a significantly improved reforming of *CO to promote H
2
production and suppress CO generation. This finding provides a promising path towards the flexible hydrogen utilizations.
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•Photodegradation of POPs by GR-based composites was comprehensively reviewed.•Recent developments in the synthesis of GR-based photocatalysts were summarized.•Catalytic mechanisms ...and roles of GR species in composites were elucidated in depth.•Challenges and future research needs in this field were insightfully suggested.
Over the last decade, two-dimensional graphene (2D GR) has brought new impetus in environmental photocatalysis, mainly benefiting from their unique physicochemical and photoelectric structural properties. Numbers of researchers have spared no effort to utilize visible-light-induced GR-based composites as catalyst platform to generate reactive species in photocatalytic oxidation technology. Herein, a comprehensive overview is presented on recent achievements of the construction and water-related applications of these photocatalysts for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal. A brief introduction of synthesis strategies is introduced for GR and its derivatives. Roles of GR as supports, flexible substrates and co-catalysts in composites are specifically pointed out with experimental studies. Most importantly, shortcomings (e.g., fast carrier recombination and serious photocorrosion) appeared in visible light photocatalysis and relative solutions by using GR species are clearly investigated. Based on the current research status, special attention has been paid to their promising applications on removing typical POPs, such as phenols, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals and dyes. Also, challenges (e.g., biotoxicity) and prospects are discussed for future developments in this field. This paper enriches the knowledge to deeply understand the catalytic performances and mechanisms of GR-based photocatalysts, and bring better perspectives for researchers in this field.
Translation initiation is a key step in the regulation of gene expression. In addition to the annotated translation initiation sites (TISs), the translation process may also start at multiple ...alternative TISs (including both AUG and non-AUG codons), which makes it challenging to predict TISs and study the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Meanwhile, the advent of several high-throughput sequencing techniques for profiling initiating ribosomes at single-nucleotide resolution, e.g. GTI-seq and QTI-seq, provides abundant data for systematically studying the general principles of translation initiation and the development of computational method for TIS identification.
We have developed a deep learning-based framework, named TITER, for accurately predicting TISs on a genome-wide scale based on QTI-seq data. TITER extracts the sequence features of translation initiation from the surrounding sequence contexts of TISs using a hybrid neural network and further integrates the prior preference of TIS codon composition into a unified prediction framework.
Extensive tests demonstrated that TITER can greatly outperform the state-of-the-art prediction methods in identifying TISs. In addition, TITER was able to identify important sequence signatures for individual types of TIS codons, including a Kozak-sequence-like motif for AUG start codon. Furthermore, the TITER prediction score can be related to the strength of translation initiation in various biological scenarios, including the repressive effect of the upstream open reading frames on gene expression and the mutational effects influencing translation initiation efficiency.
TITER is available as an open-source software and can be downloaded from https://github.com/zhangsaithu/titer .
lzhang20@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn or zengjy321@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with chronic and recurrent characteristics caused by multiple reasons. Although the pathogenic factors have not been clarified yet, ...recent studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota plays a major role in UC, especially in the immune system. This review focuses on the description of several major microbiota communities that affect UC and their interactions with the host. In this review, eight kinds of microbiota that are highly related to IBD, including
clusters IV and XIVa,
species,
, and
are demonstrated on the changes in amount and roles in the onset and progression of IBD. In addition, potential therapeutic targets for UC involved in the regulation of microbiota, including NLRPs, vitamin D receptor as well as secreted proteins, are discussed in this review.
FAK is a nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinase which plays an important biological function. Many studies have found that FAK is overexpressed in many human cancer cell lines, which promotes ...tumor cell growth by controlling cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Therefore, targeting FAK is considered to be a promising cancer therapy with small molecules. Many FAK inhibitors have been reported as anticancer agents with various mechanisms. Currently, six FAK inhibitors, including GSK-2256098 (Phase I), VS-6063 (Phase II), CEP-37440 (Phase I), VS-6062 (Phase I), VS-4718 (Phase I), and BI-853520 (Phase I) are undergoing clinical trials in different phases. Up to now, there have been many novel FAK inhibitors with anticancer activity reported by different research groups. In addition, FAK degraders have been successfully developed through “proteolysis targeting chimera” (PROTAC) technology, opening up a new way for FAK-targeted therapy. In this paper, the structure and biological function of FAK are reviewed, and we summarize the design, chemical types, and activity of FAK inhibitors according to the development of FAK drugs, which provided the reference for the discovery of new anticancer agents.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to play critical roles in the development and progression of various cancers. However, little is known about the effects of the circular RNA network on ...glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
A microarray was used to screen circRNA expression in GBM. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of circMMP9. GBM cells were transfected with a circMMP9 overexpression vector or siRNA, and cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as tumorigenesis in nude mice, were assessed to examine the effect of circMMP9 in GBM. Biotin-coupled miRNA capture, fluorescence in situ hybridization and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the relationship between circMMP9 and miR-124.
In this study, we screened differentially expressed circRNAs and identified circMMP9 in GBM. We found that circMMP9 acted as an oncogene, was upregulated in GBM and promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of GBM cells. Next, we verified that circMMP9 served as a sponge that directly targeted miR-124; circMMP9 accelerated GBM cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting miR-124. Furthermore, we found that cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and aurora kinase A (AURKA) were involved in circMMP9/miR-124 axis-induced GBM tumorigenesis. Finally, we found that eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3), which binds to the MMP9 mRNA transcript, induced circMMP9 cyclization and increased circMMP9 expression in GBM.
Our findings indicate that eIF4A3-induced circMMP9 is an important underlying mechanism in GBM cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis through modulation of the miR-124 signaling pathway, which could provide pivotal potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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