Highlights
This article mainly summarizes the challenges and the latest research progress of highly reversible zinc anodes in mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries and proposes corresponding ...recommendations.
The rapid advance of mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is driving the development of the energy storage system market. But the thorny issues of Zn anodes, mainly including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, severely reduce the performance of ZIBs. To commercialize ZIBs, researchers must overcome formidable challenges. Research about mild aqueous ZIBs is still developing. Various technical and scientific obstacles to designing Zn anodes with high stripping efficiency and long cycling life have not been resolved. Moreover, the performance of Zn anodes is a complex scientific issue determined by various parameters, most of which are often ignored, failing to achieve the maximum performance of the cell. This review proposes a comprehensive overview of existing Zn anode issues and the corresponding strategies, frontiers, and development trends to deeply comprehend the essence and inner connection of degradation mechanism and performance. First, the formation mechanism of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and their influence on the anode are analyzed. Furthermore, various strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes are summarized and discussed in detail from multiple perspectives. These strategies are mainly divided into interface modification, structural anode, alloying anode, intercalation anode, liquid electrolyte, non-liquid electrolyte, separator design, and other strategies. Finally, research directions and prospects are put forward for Zn anodes. This contribution highlights the latest developments and provides new insights into the advanced Zn anode for future research.
The
genome possesses homologs of about two-thirds of all human disease genes. Based on its physiological aging characteristics and superiority, the use of
as a model system for studies on aging, ...age-related diseases, mechanisms of longevity, and drug screening has been widely acknowledged in recent decades. Lifespan increasing mutations in
were found to delay aging by impinging several signaling pathways and related epigenetic modifications, including the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to increase the lifespan of numerous metazoans and protect them from multiple age-related pathologies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In recent decades,
has been used as a unique model system for high-throughput drug screening. Here, we review
mutants exhibiting increased in lifespan and age-dependent changes under DR, as well as the utility of
for drug screening. Thus, we provide evidence for the use of this model organism in research on the prevention of aging.
Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. The ...proinflammatory environment maintained by the innate immunity, including macrophages and related cytokines, can be influenced by adaptive immunity. The function of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in this process has attracted attention. The Th17/Treg balance is regulated by inflammatory cytokines and various metabolic factors, including those associated with cellular energy metabolism. The possible underlying mechanisms include metabolism-related signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation. Several studies conducted on human and animal models have shown marked differences in and the important roles of Th17/Treg in chronic inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. Moreover, Th17/Treg seems to be a bridge linking the gut microbiota to host metabolic disorders. In this review, we have provided an overview of the alterations in and the functions of the Th17/Treg balance in metabolic diseases and its role in regulating immune response-related glucose and lipid metabolism.
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a major cause of female secondary infertility. We previously demonstrated that menstrual blood-derived stromal cell (MenSC) transplantation helped severe IUA patients ...have pregnancy and endometrium regeneration. We also initiated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) acted as a beneficial supplement in MenSC culturing and a potential endometrial receptivity regulator. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of combined transplantation of MenSCs with PRP in rat IUA models and the mechanisms of MenSCs in endometrium regeneration.
Rat IUA models were established by intrauterine mechanical injured. Nine days later, all rats were randomly assigned to four groups received different treatment: placebo, MenSC transplantation, PRP transplantation, and MenSCs + PRP transplantation. The traces of MenSCs were tracked with GFP label. Endometrial morphology and pathology, tissue proliferation, inflammation, pregnancy outcomes, and mechanism of MenSCs in the regeneration of endometrium were investigated.
Notably, at days 9 and 18 post-treatment, MenSC transplantation significantly improved endometrial proliferation, angiogenesis, and morphology recovery and decreased collagen fibrosis and inflammation in the uterus. MenSCs had lesion chemotaxis, colonized around the endometrial glands. Gene expression of human-derived secretory protein IGF-1, SDF-1, and TSP-1 was detected in the uterus received MenSCs at day 18. The three treatments can all improve fertility in IUA rats. Moreover, gene expressions of cell proliferation, developmental processes, and other biological processes were induced in MenSC transplantation group. Hippo signaling pathway was the most significantly changed pathway, and the downstream factors CTGF, Wnt5a, and Gdf5 were significantly regulated in treatment groups. PRP enhanced these parameters through a synergistic effect.
In summary, MenSCs could effectively improve uterine proliferation, markedly accelerate endometrial damage repairment and promote fertility restoration in IUA rats, suggesting a paracrine restorative effect and Hippo signaling pathway stimulation. Our results indicate MenSCs, a valuable source of cells for transplantation in the treatment intrauterine adhesion. Combined with PRP, this cell therapy was more effective.
Loss of grip strength and cognitive impairment are prevalent in the elderly, and they may share the pathogenesis in common. Several original studies have investigated the association between them, ...but the results remained controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to quantitatively determine the relationship between baseline grip strength and the risk of cognitive impairment and provide evidence for clinical work.
We performed a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science up to March 23, 2020, and focused on the association between baseline grip strength and onset of cognitive impairment. Next, we conducted a meta-analysis using a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures. Heterogeneity between the studies was examined using
and
value. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also performed, and publication bias was assessed by Begg's and Egger's tests.
Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review. After sensitivity analyses, poorer grip strength was associated with more risk of cognitive decline and dementia (HR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.71-2.32; HR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.32-1.79, respectively). Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that people with poorer strength had more risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD dementia (HR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.09-1.81; HR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.10-1.91, respectively).
Lower grip strength is associated with more risk of onset of cognitive decline and dementia despite of subtype of dementia. We should be alert for the individuals with poor grip strength and identify cognitive dysfunction early.
The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to liver cirrhosis is mostly accompanied by extensive immune infiltration. To reveal the infiltration immune cells landscape, single-cell RNA ...sequencing data from the healthy donor (HD), patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC were collected for analysis. By drawing a cell map and calculating the proportion of each cell type, total B cells were identified with a significant higher proportion in HCC (24.26%) than in LC (5.41%) and HD (5.82%), in which plasma cells account for 97.1% in HCC. While in HCC, TCGA datasets were taken for further investigation, and it was found that patients with lower proportion of plasma cells showed better prognosis. The pseudotime cell trajectory analysis of B cell population found that humoral immunity continuously changes during HD, LC and HCC, and humoral immune-related genes are highly expressed in the HCC stage. This suggests humoral immunity may play a key role in the development of LC-associated HCC. At the same time, single cell data of hepatocytes identified differentially expressed genes in HD/LC and LC/HCC groups, and a prognostic model constructed with six of the differential genes (FTCD, MARCKSL1, CXCL3, RGS5, KNG1, and S100A16) could classify HCC patients to two distinct risk groups (median survival time 2.46 years vs. 6.73 years, p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated the power of single-cell data analysis in dissecting tissues into infiltration and main body cells, it revealed the pivotal roles of humoral immunity infiltration in the landscape of HCC associated with cirrhosis, and the key tumor prognostic genes in hepatocytes themselves. These brought novel insights into studying microenvironment and tumor cells parallelly in cancer research. The interaction of both, rather than factors from one side may have caused tumorigenesis and progression.
Hybrid α-Fe2O3@NiO heterostructures are successfully anchored on a carbon cloth by a facile hydrothermal approach. α-Fe2O3 nanorods are used as the conducting scaffolds to support NiO nanosheets. The ...as-prepared heterostructures are characterized by series of techniques and directly functionalized as the supercapacitors (SCs) without using any ancillary materials such as carbon black or the binders. The SCs demonstrate high areal capacitance of 557mF/cm2 and excellent cyclic performance with nearly 96.2% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a current density of 1mA/cm2. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to a rational combination of two electrochemical active materials. Besides, the hybrid heterostructure can be used as a high performance recyclable photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, which can photodegrade Congo red (CR) with the degradation rate of 98% after 30min, it demonstrates potential applications in wastewater treatment and energy storage devices.
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•Hybrid α-Fe2O3@NiO heterostructures are successfully anchored on a carbon cloth by a facile hydrothermal approach.•The as-prepared heterostructures are directly functionalized as the supercapacitors (SCs).•The SCs demonstrate high areal capacitance and excellent cyclic performance after 3000 cycles.•The hybrid heterostructure can be used as a high performance recyclable photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.
Flexible energy storage devices have played a significant role in multiscenario applications, while flexible zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), as an essential branch, have developed rapidly in recent years. ...Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is an extremely advanced technology to design and modify the structure of batteries and provides unlimited possibilities for the diversified development of energy storage equipment. Herein, by utilizing 3D printing technology, carbon nanotube (CNT) is coated by MnO2 to form a flexible CNT@MnO2 ink as a cathode for flexible aqueous micro‐ZIBs for the first time and zinc powder ink is used as an anode due to its high flexibility and bendability. The Zn//CNT@MnO2 flexible battery shows a stable capacity of 63 μAh cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2. When the battery is bent in different states, the maximum capacity loss compared with the initial value is only 2.72%, indicating its stability. This study shows the potential of 3D printing technology in the development of flexible manganese‐based ZIBs.
Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is an extremely advanced technology to design and modify the structure of batteries, which provides unlimited possibilities for the diversified development of energy storage equipment. Herein, by utilizing 3D printing technology, flexible MnO2@CNT ink is designed as a cathode for flexible aqueous micro‐zinc‐ion batteries (micro‐ZIBs) for the first time and zinc powder ink is used as an anode due to its high flexibility and bendability. The Zn/MnO2@CNT flexible battery shows a stable capacity of 63 μAh cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2. When the battery is bent in different states, the maximum capacity loss compared with the initial value is only 2.72%, indicating its stability. This study shows the potential of 3D printing technology in the development of flexible manganese‐based ZIBs.
In this study, a systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between thriving at work and its antecedents is conducted. The antecedents in terms of the characteristics of unit ...contextual features, the resources produced at work, agentic work behaviors, and personality traits are illustrated according to the socially embedded model of thriving described by Spreitzer and research. Additionally, we examine possible cultural influence on the relationship between thriving and its antecedents at different levels of individualistic culture. According to 67 independent samples (
N
= 28,097), our findings reveal the correlations between thriving at work and the antecedents such as those in the form of unit contextual features, the resources produced at work, agentic work behaviors, and personality traits. Furthermore, we find that individualism moderate the relationships between certain antecedents and thriving at work. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study as well as the directions for future research.
Polymer dielectrics with high dielectric performances and superior discharge energy capability are highly desirable for advanced electrostatic capacitor applications. However, the paradoxical ...relationship between dielectric polarization and electric breakdown behavior generally hinder their further enhancement in energy storage performances. Herein, polymer blended composite films with high energy storage capability were successfully fabricated by blending together poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) terpolymer. The P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer has a high dielectric constant to provide a large electric displacement under an applied electric field far below its breakdown field, which is anticipated to modulate the dielectric polarization behavior of PVDF polymer when blended in different proportions. Consequently, the polymer blended composite film consisting of 20 wt% (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) terpolymer exhibits a high discharge energy density of 13.63 J cm
−3
at an enhanced breakdown strength of 480 MV m
−1
. This obtained high discharge energy density is 84% higher than the pure PVDF film and 582% higher than a commercialized biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Large interfacial polarization and strong interaction of polymer chains between the PVDF polymer and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer may contribute to the tunable dielectric constant and electric breakdown strength, thus promoting the energy storage capability. This work establishes a facile, but effective approach to achieve the high energy storage capability of PVDF polymer-based flexible composite films for capacitive energy storage applications.
PVDF polymer and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer were blended, and tunable dielectric polarization and breakdown behavior were achieved for high energy storage capability.
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