Objective： To explore the possible correlation between bladder compliance （BC） and the changes in detrusor collagen fiber content after bladder outlet obstruction （BOO）. Methods： Ninety healthy ...female Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were enrolled in this experiment and divided into an experimental group and a control group randomly, using the randomizing table method, with 70 rats in the experimental group and 20 rats in the control group. Six weeks after BOO modeling was established, BC was evaluated through bladder testing. Bladder tissues were then fixed and embedded in paraffin. The tissues were cut into thin slices, followed by Masson staining and observation under a microscope. Results： Compared with the control group, the BC of the experimental group rats increased, and the difference had statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）; the content of detrusor collagen fibers of the rats in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group. Conclusions： The content of detrusor collagen fibers increased significantly after BOO, and BC was higher.
The acrosome is a specialized organelle that covers the anterior part of the sperm nucleus and plays an essential role in the process of fertilization. The molecular mechanism underlying the ...biogenesis of this lysosome-related organelle （LRO） is still largely unknown. Here, we show that germ cell-specific Atg7-knockout mice were infertile due to a defect in aerosome biogenesis and displayed a phenotype similar to human globozoospermia; this reproductive defect was successfully rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injections. Furthermore, the depletion of Atg7 in germ cells did not affect the early stages of development of germ cells, but at later stages of spermatogenesis, the proacroso- mal vesicles failed to fuse into a single acrosomal vesicle during the Golgi phase, which finally resulted in irregular or nearly round-headed spermatozoa. Autophagic flux was disrupted in Atg7-depleted germ cells, finally leading to the failure of LC3 conjugation to Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles. In addition, Atg7 partially regulated another giobozo- ospermia-related protein, Golgi-associated PDZ- and coiled-coil motif-containing protein （GOPC）, during acrosome biogenesis. Finally, the injection of either autophagy or lysosome inhibitors into testis resulted in a similar phenotype to that of germ cell-specific AtgT-knockout mice. Altogether, our results uncover a new role for Atg7 in the biogenesis of the acrosome, and we provide evidence to support the autolysosome origination hypothesis for the acrosome.
Serration Behavior in Zr-Cu-Al Glass-forming Systems WANG, Zhong; LI, Jiao-jiao; REN, Li-wei ...
Journal of iron and steel research, international,
2016, January 2016, 1-2016, 2016-1-00, Letnik:
23, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The metallic glass matrix composites（MGMCs）and bulk metallic glasses（BMGs）were studied by statistical analysis during plastic deformation at the strain rates of 2×10^-2,2×10^-3,and 2×10^-4 ...s^-1,respectively.No serration events occur in both MGMCs and BMGs during compression tests at the strain rate of 2×10^-2 s^-1.When deformed at the strain rate of 2×10^-3 s^-1,the BMG displays a larger plasticity,which is due to the larger serration events followed by a series of small serrations caused by the continuous movement of free volume.The amplitudes and elastic-energy densities increase with increasing the strain rates owing to many serrations in MGMCs.It is deduced that the Young′s modulus decreases from the normalized stress drop and fluctuations are observed on stressstrain curves,which is attributed to a lower coefficient according to the stick-slip model.
•Running wheel (RW) counteracted the cognitive deficits induced by TBI.•RW restored the neuron and synaptic density loss associated with TBI.•RW increased the levels of COX I, II, III, BDNF, synapsin ...I and SYP.•RW switched the mitochondrial CcO activity and ATP amounts.•COX might play an important role in exercise's cognitive effects in TBI.
Though the evidence demonstrated that voluntary exercise programs could be implemented to enhance recovery of cognitive function induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI), the exact mechanisms were still not known. We proposed that the cognitive improvement induced by exercise in TBI mice is associated with cytochrome c oxidase (COX). To demonstrate this hypothesis, adult mice were housed with or without access to a running wheel (RW) for three weeks followed by TBI operation. Acquisition of spatial learning and memory retention was assessed by using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) on days 15 post TBI. The synaptic density was measured by Golji staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NeuN, GFAP and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) were also performed. Using Western blot, the expressions of COX I, II, III, BDNF, synapsin I, synaptophysin (SYP) and GAP43 in hippocampus of TBI mice were determinated. Lastly, CcO activity and ATP amount were also detected. Results showed that voluntary exercise prior TBI: (i) counteracted the cognitive deficits and neuron and synaptic density loss associated with the injury; (ii) increased the levels of COX I, II, III, BDNF, synapsin I, SYP and GAP43; (iii) switched the mitochondrial CcO activity and ATP amounts. These studies demonstrated that the COX plays an important role in exercise's cognitive effects in TBI model and also provide evidence that RW training is a promise exercise for traumatically injured mice.
•Imaging through opacity can be implemented using highly coherent illumination.•The spatial frequencies are well preserved under strong scattering effect.•Deconvolution algorithm is insensitive to ...the light coherence.•Strong scattering effect is crucial under highly coherent illumination.
Imaging through opacity has captured extensive attention in recent years for its promising applications in bioimaging systems and information extraction from scrambled light. Many optimized image reconstruction algorithms and advanced imaging scenarios are introduced and intensively studied in previous researches. However, intensity-based image reconstruction under the highly coherent light illumination is still a major challenge due to the strong interference effect. Here, we demonstrate that imaging through opacity can be implemented efficiently even under the highly coherent illumination with the aid of an intensity-based/incoherent deconvolution algorithm. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis, we find the small phase correlation length of the diffuser plays a pivotal role in enabling the incoherent deconvolution operation for highly coherent illumination. Furthermore, the deconvolution algorithm shows insensitivity to the light coherence since the spatial frequencies of the object are well preserved in the spatial frequency spectrum of the speckle pattern. Our results provide a phase-information-free scheme for imaging through opacity under the highly coherent illumination. We anticipate our work would motivate the deep understanding of imaging using highly coherent illumination, increase the structural robustness of imaging systems and facilitate wavelength-sensitive imaging applications.
Exciton-polaritons have shown great potential as a low-energy consumption and robust solid-state platform for photoelectronics integration and quantum information applications. Here, an all-optical ...method that uses the spin-sensitive optical Stark effect is proposed to manipulate exciton-polaritons for functional polaritonic operations. We use a Tamm plasmon and WS2 hybrid structure with a patterned transverse potential to form the channeled bright state of polaritons. An optical Stark pulse causes perturbation of the polaritonic potential, so as to control the tunneling of polaritons between isolated channels. Polaritonic operations such as switching, splitting and routing were proposed through properly setting of the optical Stark pulse (e.g., pulse width). In addition, spin-sensitive manipulation of the polaritons was proposed taking advantage of the valley-selective excitonic energy shifting induced by the polarized optical Stark pulse. These basic operations together with time-space programming of the optical Stark pulses would pave a way of routing and addressing of polaritons for future optoelectronic integration and networking.
The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly widespread, and a large number are reaching their end of life. The recycling and re-use of spent LIBs has attracted great attention. ...Because of the unchanged layer structure of the graphite anode in these batteries, their recycling does not require high-temperature graphitization, and only focuses on the removal of internal impurities. We used electrochemical treatment for the deep removal of internal metal impurities after the heat treatment, ultrasonic separation, and acid leaching of spent graphite. By comparing and analyzing the graphite in different recovery stages, it was found that the presence of organic impurities seriously affects the electrochemical performance. The presence of trace inorganic impurities such as Cu and Fe has little effect on the initial discharge specific capacity, but reduces the cycling stability of graphite. The content of the main metal impurities in the final recycled graphite was less than 20 mg/kg. The discharge specific capacity reached358.7 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and the capacity remained at 95.85% after 150 cycles. Compared with the reported methods for recycling spent graphite, this method can efficiently remove impurities in the graphite, solve the current problems of high acid and alkali consumption, incomplete impurity removal and high energy consumption. The recycled graphite anode has a good electrochemical performance. Our work provides a new recycling and regeneration path for spent LIB graphite anodes.
Background Men who have sex with men （MSM） have become one of the most risky populations for HIV infection in China. Though several cross-sectional sero-prevalence studies have been conducted, the ...annual HIV incidence remains unknown in this population.
Methods We applied IgG-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay （BED-CEIA） to define the recent HIV-1 infections among MSM in Beijing in the years 2005 and 2006 and the annual HIV incidence was estimated.
Results Overall, 1067 MSM samples were collected, including 526 samples in the year 2005 and 541 in 2006. In 2005, of 17 HIV seropositive samples, 7 were identified as recent HIV-1 infections and the estimated HIV infection incidence was 2.9% per year （95% CI, 0.8%-5.0%）. In 2006, of 26 HIV seropositive samples, 9 were identified as recent HIV-1 infections and the estimated annual incidence was 3.6% （95% CI, 1.3%-5.9%）, which was 0.7% higher than that in 2005. Individuals engaging in male group sexual intercourse （5.17% vs 0.87%, P=0.019） and having receptive anal sexual intercourse more than five times （2.79% vs 0.33%, P=0.047） in the past 6 months significantly increase the risk of being infected by HIV-1.
Conclusions A high level of annual HIV-1 infection incidence was observed among MSM in Beijing for the consecutive years 2005 and 2006 with a continuous increasing trend. The rising incidence and related high risk behavior among MSM alarmed the health authorities and calls for more effective intervention strategies among this population.
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