•A computational-experimental framework for fatigue reliability assessment.•Two schemes based on probabilistic S-N curves and stochastic FE simulations.•Probabilistic plasticity induced stress-strain ...response analysis under uncertainty.•Real case of a bladed disk by combing overspeed testing with stochastic FE analysis.
In the present study, a computational-experimental framework is developed for fatigue reliability assessment of turbine bladed disks. Within the framework, the overspeed testing is innovatively combined with stochastic finite element (FE) analysis for quantifying uncertainties in the experimental data, material properties and loads. Meanwhile, two schemes are elaborated based on probabilistic S-N curves and stochastic FE simulation coupling with sampling technique. The stochastic FE simulation incorporates the Chaboche constitutive model with Fatemi–Socie criterion for fatigue behavior modeling and life prediction. Moreover, experimental deformation and numerical FE analysis are conducted with regard to the full-scale bladed disk test with increased step-stress overloading. Reliability sensitivity analysis is performed to provide an importance ranking of random variables for fatigue design of the bladed disk. Results indicate that stochastic FE analysis-based scheme provides more conservative predictions than the probabilistic S-N curves-based one.
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•Framework for fatigue reliability analysis under multi-source uncertainties.•Manufacturing errors/tolerances are included for fatigue reliability analysis.•Sensitivity analysis of a turbine bladed ...disk is conducted for fatigue design.•Geometrical uncertainty shows critical influences on fatigue reliability.
Turbine bladed disks normally operate under complex loadings coupling with uncertainties originate from multiple sources, including material variability, load variation and geometrical uncertainty. The influence of these uncertainties on mechanical response of engineering components are critical for their fatigue assessment and reliability evaluation. In this work, a general framework for fatigue reliability analysis is developed by coupling the Latin hypercube sampling with FE analysis to describe the combined effects of multi-source uncertainties. Fatigue reliability analysis of a full-scale bladed disk under multi-source uncertainties was performed as well as sensitivity analysis for fatigue design. In order to describe the manufacturing errors or tolerances, random dimensions are inputted. Comparing the predicted fatigue lifetime distributions with/without geometrical uncertainty, it shows that geometrical uncertainty matters in structural fatigue reliability. Particularly, sensitivity analysis indicates that the geometrical uncertainty exerts more critical influences on the fatigue lifetime and reliability of the turbine bladed disk than others. The sensitivity factors of three typical dimensions emerges the influence of designed sizes and dimensional tolerances on the failure probability, which provides a reference for engineering design.
•Low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue behaviors are systematically explored.•Cracking modes and damage mechanisms under different loading waveforms are investigated.•Σ3 CSLBs show great resistance of ...intergranular damage.•The present model addresses fatigue, creep and oxidation on life prediction.
The low cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep-fatigue behaviors of Ni-based GH4169 superalloy are investigated by uniaxial strain-controlled fully-reversed testing at 650 °C. Compared with LCF tests, the effects of tensile and compressive strain hold times on creep-fatigue lifetimes are experimentally explored with varying total strain ranges in the present work. In order to elucidate the damage mechanisms under complex loading waveforms, an additional series of tests with both tensile and compressive hold times are carried out at a given total strain range of 2.0%. Posterior to the cyclic tests, main-crack-failure modes and secondary cracking modes are studied via optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Main-crack failure mechanisms are examined by the fracture appearance observations. Cracking modes are explored through quantitative characterization on the distributions of secondary cracks in the longitudinal cross sections under different loading waveforms. Moreover, a generalized life model based on linear damage summation (LDS) framework and energy dissipation criterion (EDC) is elaborated to estimate the damage mechanisms of fatigue, creep and oxidation. The prediction results can well establish the correlations between the reductions of numbers of cycles to failure and the presences of different damage mechanisms under respective loading waveforms.
•Energy density exhaustion model for creep-fatigue life prediction is proposed.•Mean stress effect is considered in the present model.•The present model is more accurate than the existing models.
The ...accumulated creep–fatigue damage is expected to be an important failure mechanism for lots of high-temperature components. The aim of this paper is to propose a modified strain energy density exhaustion model to predict the tension-hold-only creep–fatigue life. This model exhibits high accuracy due to the reasonable evaluation of creep damage. The proposed model elaborates the determinations of mean stress, stress relaxation rate and creep damage. A few existing experimental data sets of Grade 91 steel, Alloy 617 and 304 stainless steel are used to verify the prediction capacity of the present model under different temperatures and loading conditions. Results show that most of the experimental data falls into a range within a scatter band of ±1.5 on life.
As the major component of cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is synthesized de novo in the Kennedy pathway and then undergoes extensive deacylation-reacylation remodeling via Lands' cycle. The ...re-acylation is catalyzed by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and among the four LPCAT members in human, the LPCAT3 preferentially introduces polyunsaturated acyl onto the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine, thereby modulating the membrane fluidity and membrane protein functions therein. Combining the x-ray crystallography and the cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of LPCAT3 in apo-, acyl donor-bound, and acyl receptor-bound states. A reaction chamber was revealed in the LPCAT3 structure where the lysophosphatidylcholine and arachidonoyl-CoA were positioned in two tunnels connected near to the catalytic center. A side pocket was found expanding the tunnel for the arachidonoyl CoA and holding the main body of arachidonoyl. The structural and functional analysis provides the basis for the re-acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine and the substrate preference during the reactions.
In this study, the weld residual stresses (RS) in a 25mm thick ferrite steel plate with newly developed low-temperature transformation (LTT) welding wire were investigated by finite element method ...and neutron diffraction (ND) measurement. A thermo-elastic–plastic finite element model coupled with solid-state phase transformation (SSPT) was developed to investigate the distribution and formation mechanism of RS, which has been verified by ND measurement. The results demonstrate that the developed LTT alloy can significantly reduce the RS and even generate compressive RS in the weld zone, due to the interrupted cooling shrinkage caused by the LTT. The higher inter-pass temperatures related to the microstructure evolution result in an increased region of compressive stress within the weldment. Moreover, the longitudinal RS in the weld zone gradually changes to tension as the initial temperature of martensitic transformation increases. Notably, the relaxation effect of transformation-induced plasticity on RS and its influence on model accuracy were discussed.
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•The effectiveness of the LTT weld wire in reducing tensile RS are validated.•Numerical model in couple with solid-state phase transformation is developed.•Prediction model is validated by using neutron diffraction technique.•Thermo-mechanical-metallurgical behavior for LTT alloy is predicted.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of thermal annealing on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stress relaxation of deep rolled pure titanium. The microstructure ...and mechanical properties of the surface modified layer were analyzed by metallographic microscopy, transmission electron microscope and in-situ tensile testing. The results showed that the annealed near-surface layer with fine recrystallized grains had increased ductility but decreased strength after annealing below the recrystallization temperature, where the tensile strength was still higher than that of the substrate. After annealing at the recrystallization temperature, the recrystallized near-surface layer had smaller grain size, similar tensile strength, and higher proportional limit, comparable to those of the substrate. Moreover, the residual stress relaxation showed evidently different mechanisms at three different temperature regions: low temperature (T ≤ 0.2 Tm), medium temperature (T ≈ (0.2‒0.3) Tm), and high temperature (T ≥ 0.3 Tm). Furthermore, a prediction model was proposed in terms of modification of Zener-Wert-Avrami model, which showed promise in characterizing the residual stress relaxation in commercial pure Ti during deep rolling at elevated temperature.
Abstract
Ultrasonic surface deep rolling (USDR), oxygen boost diffusion (OBD), and their combination (USDR-OBD) were all used to improve the surface hardening of pure titanium. The microstructure, ...microhardness, and fatigue life of pure titanium treated by USDR, OBD, and USDR-OBD methods were analyzed. USDR treatment induced a severe deformation area, while OBD treatment produced a brittle oxygen diffusion zone. The USDR-OBD treated samples approached the highest hardness in comparison with other treated samples. The fatigue lives of USDR treated samples were improved, which was due to the high compressive residual stress and refined grains. However, the fatigue lives of both OBD treated samples and USDR-OBD treated samples were decreased due to premature crack initiation and rapid propagation in the oxygen diffusion zone. Finally, the fatigue fracture mechanisms of different samples were proposed.
The scaffold molecule Axin2 is constitutively activated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and functions as a potent promoter of CRC behavior. Pharmacological targeting of Axin2 may therefore exert ...therapeutic effect in patients with CRCs. Here, we discovered a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Axin2 based on the mechanism by which Axin2 is regulated posttranslationally, and investigated its antitumour effects.
The compound discovery and its inhibitory action on Axin2 protein were revealed by micro-scale thermophoresis, in vitro kinase assay, quantitative kinetic assay, immunoblotting/immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, and cycloheximide pulse-chase assay. The compound's antitumour effects as well as the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in multiple cell-based assays and mouse models.
We discovered that GSK3β phosphorylates Axin2 at two consensus motifs, and coupled Axin2 phosphorylation to its ubiquitination (mediated by the E3 ligase β-Trcp2) and proteasomal degradation. The binding of Axin2 to GSK3β in CRC cells is faint, which enables most of the Axin2 protein to maintain unphosphorylated status and thereby permits the cells to preserve high levels of Axin2. Importantly, we identified a small-molecule compound CW85319 that enhances Axin2's interaction with GSK3β via forming a high affinity for Axin2. Treatment of CRC cells with CW85319 enhanced Axin2 binding with GSK3β, thereby promoting Axin2 phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CW85319 efficiently suppressed Axin2-driven CRC growth and metastasis, without eliciting side toxicity.
These findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of Axin2 by CW85319 may provide therapeutic benefits against certain human cancers, especially CRCs.
Damages caused by the effects of cyclic loading (fatigue) and high temperature (creep and oxidation) have been considered critical and need to be appropriately evaluated. A series of ...strain‐controlled fatigue and creep‐fatigue tests are performed on P92 at 873 K under oxygen‐containing environment. The creep‐fatigue life prediction results are summarized using models based on strain‐range partition, Manson–Coffin equation and linear damage summation (LDS) rule. Obviously, the models based on the LDS rule show relatively good performance with an error band of ±2.5. In view of the adverse effects of oxidation on creep‐fatigue endurance, this paper further develops a physically‐based oxidation damage equation, which is incorporated into LDS rule for the improvement of life assessment. The predicted and experimental results falling into ±1.5 error band proved the accuracy of the proposed oxidation damage equation in the LDS rule. Additionally, model selection criteria are recommended to evaluate the model prediction capabilities.
Highlights
A series of fatigue, creep‐fatigue, and oxidation tests are performed on P92 at 873 K.
Oxidation damage equation based on kinetics and concentration distribution is proposed.
Error band is reduced from ±2.5 to ±1.5 by using the proposed oxidation damage equation.
W‐SEDE‐O model performs best with the minimum error band & best statistical indicators.
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