The Disney Company and Warner Brothers have long played an important role in shaping and disseminating American popular culture. With the gradual development and improvement of the Internet and the ...information technology these days, they are quietly subverting the traditional culture and entertainment industry. Disney and Warner Brothers, as two large and classic film and television companies, their success from their founding to today cannot be separated from their own business strategies. As Disney gradually became bigger and bigger, it acquired many famous companies as its subsidiaries, and Warner Brothers also developed many peripheral products, or cooperated with other companies for their marketing. However, in the process of continuous development, the two companies also faced different problems. This paper studies and analyzes the development status and business strategies of these two companies. At the same time, it also provides some suggestions that are beneficial for the two companies. This paper uses the comparison method, and uses the tabulator data to more convincingly reflect.
Sexual dimorphism, the differences between males and females, widely exists in various perspectives of physiology. However, for a long period, such differences were not properly addressed in both ...biomedical research and clinical trials. The ignorance of women’s health led to many tragedies. With more female scientists and doctors and more solid scientific bases regarding the existence of sexual dimorphism, the inclusion of females has become the center of mainstream medicine. However, with the underrepresentation of females in the biomedical field, women currently still have a significantly higher likelihood to suffer from various aversive drug reactions and bear a lower possibility to have effective treatments. To make difference, people inside and outside the biological fields need to call for awareness and advocacy of sex-based research practices continuously. Balanced sample size from both sexes and sex-specific analyses should be the standard requirements for future research. At the same time, they should be used to recalibrate the medication and health guides that were developed from male-only research. The scientific understanding of health and diseases for both sexes will be clear to facilitate the reality of personalized medicine.
Although realizing dewetting transitions of droplets spontaneously on solid textured surfaces is quite challenging, it has become a key research topic in many practical applications that require ...highly efficient removal of liquid. Despite intensive efforts over the past few decades, due to impalement of vapor pockets inducing strong pinning of the contact lines, how to realize the self-removal of small droplets trapped in the textures remains an urgent problem. We report an in situ spontaneous dewetting transition of condensed droplets occurring on pillared surfaces with two-tier roughness, from the valleys to the tops of the pillars, owing to the nanotexture-enhanced superhydrophobicity, as well as the topology of the micropillars. Three wetting transition modes are observed. It is found that a further decreased Laplace pressure on the top side of the individual droplets accounts for such a surprising transition and self-removal of condensed water. An explicit model is constructed, which quite effectively predicts the Laplace pressure of droplets trapped by the textures. Our model also reveals that the critical size of the droplet for transition scales as the spacing of the micropillars. These findings are expected to be crucial to a fundamental understanding, as well as a remarkable strategy to guide the fabrication, of optimum super-water-repellant surfaces.
Light quality severely affects biosynthesis and metabolism-associated process of glutathione. However, the role of specific light is still unclear on the glutathione metabolism. In this article, ...comparatively transcriptome and metabolome methods are used to fully understand the blue and red-light conditions working on the glutathione metabolism in maize seedling leaf.
There are 20 differently expressed genes and 4 differently expressed metabolites in KEGG pathway of glutathione metabolism. Among them, 12 genes belong to the glutathione S-transferase family, 3 genes belong to the ascorbate peroxidase gene family and 2 genes belong to the ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase gene family. Three genes, G6PD, SPDS1, and GPX1 belong to the gene family of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermidine synthase, and glutathione peroxidase, respectively. Four differently expressed metabolites are identified. Three of them, Glutathione disulfide, Glutathione, and l-γ-Glutamyl-L-amino acid are decreased while L-Glutamate is increased. In addition, Through PPI analysis, two annotated genes gst16 and DAAT, and 3 unidentified genes 100381533, pco105094 and umc2770, identified as RPP13-like3, BCAT-like1and GMPS, were obtained. By the analysis of protein sequence and PPI network, we predict that pco105094 and umc2770 were involved in the GSSG-GSH and AsA-GSH cycle in the network of glutathione metabolism.
Compared to red light, blue light remarkably changed the transcription signal transduction and metabolism of glutathione metabolism. Differently expressed genes and metabolic mapped to the glutathione metabolism signaling pathways. In total, we obtained three unidentified genes, and two of them were predicted in current glutathione metabolism network. This result will contribute to the research of glutathione metabolism of maize.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An uncontrolled inflammatory response is a critical pathophysiological feature of sepsis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce macrophage phenotype polarization and reduce inflammation in sepsis. ...MSC-secreted transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) participated in the immune modulatory function of MSCs. However, the underlying mechanism of MSC-secreted TGF-β was not fully elucidated in regulation macrophage M2-like polarization.
The paracrine effects of MSCs on macrophage polarization were studied using a co-culture protocol with LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells/mouse peritoneal macrophages and MSCs. The effect of TGF-β in the co-culture system was blocked by the TGF-β receptor inhibitor. To determine the role of MSC-secreted TGF-β, we used recombinant TGF-β to culture with LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, we employed antibody microarray analysis to determine the mechanisms of MSC secreted TGF-β on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell/mouse peritoneal macrophage M2-like polarization. Furthermore, we used an Akt inhibitor and a FoxO1 inhibitor to inhibit the Akt/FoxO1 pathway. The nuclear translocation of FoxO1 was detected by Western blot.
MSCs induced LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell/mouse peritoneal macrophage polarization towards the M2-like phenotype and significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels via paracrine, which was inhibited by TGF-β receptor inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that MSC-secreted TGF-β enhanced the macrophage phagocytic ability. The antibody microarray analysis and Western blot verified that TGF-β treatment activated the Akt/FoxO1 pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages, TGF-β-induced FoxO1 nuclear translocation and obviously expressed in the cytoplasm, the effects of TGF-β regulatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophage were inhibited by pre-treatment with Akt inhibitor and FoxO1 inhibitor.
TGF-β secreted by MSCs could skew LPS-stimulated macrophage polarization towards the M2-like phenotype, reduce inflammatory reactions, and improve the phagocytic ability via the Akt/FoxO1 pathway, providing potential therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
•The surface wettability contributes to the lifting lamella and influences the droplet impact.•The mean spreading velocity is much higher on superhydrophobic surface.•The splashing threshold K is ...proved to be suitable for surfaces with various wettability.•A splashing threshold model, considering the effect of surface wettability, is put forward.
This study experimentally investigates the dynamic behaviors of water droplets over wide ranges of diameters and velocities (200 μm < D0 < 2600 μm, 50 < We < 3000) impacting on surfaces with various wettability (ranging from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic), and focuses on the effect of surface wettability on water droplet spreading and splashing. The experimental results show that the surface wettability contributes to the lift of the lamella, related to the cosine of the advancing angle (cosθa), that significantly influence the spreading and splashing. The lifting lamella promotes the spreading speed by reducing the surface friction and the viscous dissipation in the boundary layer. The mean spreading speed is linear to the impact velocity on each surface type, and the contact angle slightly affects the mean spreading velocity on the hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface. While, the mean spreading velocity on the superhydrophobic surface is much larger than the other surfaces due to the fewer viscous dissipation. The splashing behavior is dominated by the force from the air surrounding the lamella. The experimental results demonstrate that the splashing threshold K = OhRe1.25 is independent of the advancing angle for the case of θa < 90°, but is proportional to cosθa for the case θa > 90°. Furthermore, we put forward a prediction model of droplet splashing threshold, considering the effect of surface wettability, as K/K0 = 1 + αcosθa, which could quantitatively express the effect of surface wettability on water droplet splashing.
(1) Background: Blue light is important for the formation of maize stomata, but the signal network remains unclear. (2) Methods: We replaced red light with blue light in an experiment and provided a ...complementary regulatory network for the stomatal development of maize by using transcriptome and metabolomics analysis. (3) Results: Exposure to blue light led to 1296 differentially expressed genes and 419 differential metabolites. Transcriptome comparisons and correlation signaling network analysis detected 55 genes, and identified 6 genes that work in the regulation of the HY5 module and MAPK cascade, that interact with PTI1, COI1, MPK2, and MPK3, in response to the substitution of blue light in environmental adaptation and signaling transduction pathways. Metabolomics analysis showed that two genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism participate in stomatal development. Their signaling sites located on the PHI1 and MPK2 sites of the MAPK cascade respond to blue light signaling. (4) Conclusions: Blue light remarkably changed the transcriptional signal transduction and metabolism of metabolites, and eight obtained genes worked in the HY5 module and MAPK cascade.
•Salt dissolution changes the pore micro structure and macro properties of rock.•Specific surface has a positive logarithmic relation with sample soaking time.•Salt dissolution mainly enlarges the ...pores with size ranging from 0.01 to 10 μm.•Salt dissolution induces clay swelling, reducing the rock porosity and permeability.•A model for porosity-permeability evolution during salt dissolution is explored.
Salt dissolution occurs frequently during the drilling, water-flooding development and other operations of saline-lacustrine carbonate reservoirs, greatly changing the petrophysical properties of rocks. To understand the salt dissolution behavior and its effect on the rock structures, core-flooding and crushed sample soaking experiments are conducted on saline-lacustrine carbonate samples. Results indicate that ion concentration from core flooding experiments increases first and then decreases fast with time proceeding, while it has a positive e-based logarithmic relation with soaking time from sample soaking experiments. According to ion analysis, the main dissolved salt minerals include halite, anhydrite and glauberite. With the size increase of crushed samples, the dissolved mass is decreased, having a positive logarithmic relation with sample specific surface, and sample specific surface is logarithmically increased with soaking time. Rock capillary pressure curves get lower, and pore throat size distributions become wider than those before dissolution of salt minerals. Salt dissolution mainly affects the pore microstructure with size ranging from 0.01 to 10 μm, while having little effect on nanopores <0.01 μm. Salt dissolution could make the clay swelling and fine migration, inhibiting the increment in porosity and permeability. In addition, rock permeability has a power relation with porosity during the dissolution, and a permeability-growth-controlling threshold porosity is observed, which indicates the transformation point of dissolution area from pore bodies to throats. Furthermore, a mathematical model for characterization of rock porosity and permeability evolution relationship is derived, which allows for rock microstructure, salt composition and dissolution, and clay composition and swelling behavior.
Nighttime light data can characterize urbanization, economic development, population density, energy consumption and other human activities. Additionally, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are closely ...related to the scope and intensity of human activities. In this study, we assess the utility of nighttime light data as a powerful tool to reflect CO2 emissions from energy consumption, analyze the uncertainty associated with different nighttime light data for modeling CO2 emissions, and provide guidance and a reference for modeling CO2 emissions based on nighttime light data. In this paper, Mainland China was taken as a case study, and nighttime light datasets (the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime light data and the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data) as well as a global gridded CO2 emissions dataset (PKU-CO2) were used to perform simple regressions at provincial, prefectural and 0.1° × 0.1° grid levels, respectively. The analyses are aimed at exploring the accuracy and uncertainty of DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data in modeling CO2 emissions at different spatial scales. The improvement of nighttime light index and the potential factors influencing the effects of modeling CO2 emissions based on nighttime light datasets were also explored. The results show that DMSP-OLS is superior to NPP-VIIRS in modeling CO2 emissions at all spatial scales, and the bigger the scale, the more evident the advantages of DMSP-OLS. When modeling CO2 emissions with nighttime light datasets, not only the total amount of lights within a given statistical unit but also the agglomeration degree of lights should be taken into account. Furthermore, the geographical location and socio-economic conditions at the study site, such as gross regional product per capita (GRP per capita), population, and urbanization were shown to have an impact on the regression effect of the nighttime lights-CO2 emissions model. The regression effect was found to be better at higher latitude and longitude areas with higher GRP per capita and higher urbanization, while population showed little effect on the regression effect of the nighttime lights - CO2 emissions model. The limitation of this study is that the thresholds of potential factors are unclear and the quantitative guidance is insufficient.
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