Drone-aided ubiquitous applications play important roles in our daily lives. Accurate recognition of drones is required in aviation management due to their potential risks and disasters. ...Radiofrequency (RF) fingerprinting-based recognition technology based on deep learning (DL) is considered an effective approach to extracting hidden abstract features from the RF data of drones. Existing deep learning-based methods are either high computational burdens or have low accuracy. In this paper, we propose a deep complex-valued convolutional neural network (DC-CNN) method based on RF fingerprinting for recognizing different drones. Compared with existing recognition methods, the DC-CNN method has a high recognition accuracy, fast running time, and small network complexity. Nine algorithm models and two datasets are used to represent the superior performance of our system. Experimental results show that our proposed DC-CNN can achieve recognition accuracies of 99.5% and 74.1%, respectively, on four and eight classes of RF drone datasets.
The widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are derivatives of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA). SA is well known to regulate plant immunity and development, whereas there have ...been few reports focusing on the effects of NSAIDs in plants. Our studies here reveal that NSAIDs exhibit largely overlapping physiological activities to SA in the model plant Arabidopsis. NSAID treatments lead to shorter and agravitropic primary roots and inhibited lateral root organogenesis. Notably, in addition to the SA-like action, which in roots involves binding to the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), NSAIDs also exhibit PP2A-independent effects. Cell biological and biochemical analyses reveal that many NSAIDs bind directly to and inhibit the chaperone activity of TWISTED DWARF1, thereby regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and subsequent endosomal trafficking. Our findings uncover an unexpected bioactivity of human pharmaceuticals in plants and provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular action of this class of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Display omitted
•NSAIDs exhibit striking activity in shaping Arabidopsis root development•NSAIDs interfere with auxin transport and endomembrane trafficking•NSAID treatments impair actin filament dynamics and endosomal mobility•NSAIDs directly target TWD1, suppressing its chaperone activity and actin dynamics
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are based on the phytohormone salicylic acid, but there are few studies investigating their bioactivities in plants. Tan et al. show that NSAIDs modulate Arabidopsis root development via directly binding to the immunophilin protein TWD1 and hence regulate its chaperone activity and endomembrane trafficking.
Narrow host range is a major limitation for phage applications, but phages can evolve expanded host range through adaptations in the receptor-binding proteins.
Here, we report that Pseudomonas phage ...K8 can evolve broader host range and higher killing efficiency at the cost of virion stability. Phage K8 host range mutant K8-T239A carries a mutant version of the putative baseplate wedge protein GP075, termed GP075m. While phage K8 adsorbs to hosts via the O-specific antigen of bacterial LPS, phage K8-T239A uses GP075m to also bind the bacterial core oligosaccharide, enabling infection of bacterial strains resistant to K8 infection due to modified O-specific antigens. This mutation in GP075 also alters inter-protein interactions among phage proteins, and reduces the stability of phage particles to environmental stressors like heat, acidity, and alkalinity. We find that a variety of mutations in gp075 are widespread in K8 populations, and that the gp075-like genes are widely distributed among the domains of life.
Our data show that a typical life history tradeoff occurs between the stability and the host range in the evolution of phage K8. Reservoirs of viral gene variants may be widely present in phage communities, allowing phages to rapidly adapt to any emerging environmental stressors. Video Abstract.
Understanding the mechanisms and processes of groundwater recharge and evolution is critical for sustainable water resources management to meet human and agriculture needs under climate change, ...because groundwater is the primary water source in semiarid and arid regions, where the surface water resources are usually highly unstable and scarce. However, few studies investigated the recharge and evolution processes of groundwater combining with isotopic geochemistry and radiocarbon data, especially focused on the interactions among precipitation, surface water, groundwater, and rock. This study examined the recharge and evolution processes of groundwater in the Wuwei Basin based on stable isotopes, chemical indicators, and radiocarbon data. Our results showed that the Na
+
(sodium ion) and K
+
(potassium ion) concentrations of the groundwater were controlled by the dissolution of sylvite and halite origin from sediments, whereas the increase of Na
+
and Cl
−
(chloride ion) concentrations were not in accordance with a ratio of 1:1, indicating that the Na
+
and K
+
concentrations in groundwater were barely affected by the dissolution of halite and sylvite. Meanwhile, we also found that bicarbonate ion (HCO
3
−
) was the dominant ion with a decreased ratio in the groundwater. The SO
4
2−
/Cl
−
(sulfate ion/chloride ion) ratio decreased with the sample profile from Southwest to Northeast due mainly to the increases of Cl
−
concentration. The Ca
2+
/Cl
−
(calcium ion/chloride ion) ratio decreased with the enhancement of Cl
−
in the hydrodynamic sluggish belt. In addition, the δ
18
O (oxygen isotope) and δ
2
H (hydrogen isotope) values of groundwater gradually increased from Southwest to Northeast along the flow path. The heavy isotopic values were more strongly depleted than the isotopic values of precipitation in the ground water samples, suggesting that the recharge of ground water in the plain region was very limited from precipitation. Moreover, the groundwater in the phreatic aquifer was younger water with
3
H (tritium isotope) values from 47 to 71 a.BP (before present), while the groundwater age in the confined aquifer was 1000–5800 BP evidenced by the
14
C (carbon isotope) values between 48 and 88 pmc (percentage modern carbon content). Overall, these results suggested that the unconfined groundwater enriched along the overall groundwater flow path from the southwest to northeast of the Wuwei Basin and the melt water from the Qilian Mountains may determine the water isotopic composition and contributed to the steady long-term runoff of the Shiyang River. Our findings may have important implications for inter-basin water allocation programmes and groundwater management in the Wuwei Basin.
Non-flow aqueous zinc-bromine batteries without auxiliary components (e.g., pumps, pipes, storage tanks) and ion-selective membranes represent a cost-effective and promising technology for ...large-scale energy storage. Unfortunately, they generally suffer from serious diffusion and shuttle of polybromide (Br−, Br3−) due to the weak physical adsorption between soluble polybromide and host carbon materials, which results in low energy efficiency and poor cycling stability. Here, we develop a novel self-capture organic bromine material (1,1′-bis 3-(trimethylammonio)propyl-4,4′-bipyridinium bromine, NVBr4) to successfully realize reversible solid complexation of bromide components for stable non-flow zinc-bromine battery applications. The quaternary ammonium groups (NV4+ ions) can effectively capture the soluble polybromide species based on strong chemical interaction and realize reversible solid complexation confined within the porous electrodes, which transforms the conventional “liquid–liquid” conversion of soluble bromide components into “liquid–solid” model and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect. Thereby, the developed non-flow zinc-bromide battery provides an outstanding voltage platform at 1.7 V with a notable specific capacity of 325 mAh g−1NVBr4 (1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (200 mAh g−1NVBr4 at 20 A g−1), outstanding energy density of 469.6 Wh kg−1 and super-stable cycle life (20,000 cycles with 100% Coulombic efficiency), which outperforms most of reported zinc-halogen batteries. Further mechanism analysis and DFT calculations demonstrate that the chemical interaction of quaternary ammonium groups and bromide species is the main reason for suppressing the shuttle effect. The developed strategy can be extended to other halogen batteries to obtain stable charge storage.
An ultra-stable non-flow zinc-bromine battery with a novel self-capture NVBr4 based cathode was developed. With the “self-capture” effect of the quaternary ammonium group, it can effectively capture the soluble bromine substances and realize reversible solid complexation, which transforms the conventional “liquid-liquid” conversion of soluble bromide components into “liquid-solid” model and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect. As a result, a notable specific capacity (325 mAh g−1NVBr4) and super-long cycling life up to 20000 cycles were realized. Display omitted
•A self-capture organic bromine material (NVBr4) was developed for stable non-flow Zn/Br batteries.•The quaternary ammonium groups on NVBr4 can effectively capture the soluble bromine species.•The developed zinc-bromine batteries exhibit a notable specific capacity of 325 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1.•The developed zinc-bromine batteries exhibit a super-long cycle life of 20000 cycles.•Mechanism study reveals that the strong chemical interaction effectively suppress the shuttle and dissolution issues.
In device-to-device（D2D） communications, device terminal relaying makes it possible for devices in a network to function as transmission relays for each other to enhance the spectral efficiency. In ...this paper we consider a cooperative D2D communication system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer（SWIPT）. The cooperative D2D communication scheme allows two nearby devices to communicate with each other in the licensed cellular bandwidth by assigning D2D transmitters as half-duplex（HD） relay to assists cellular downlink transmissions. In particular, we focus on secure information transmission for the cellular users when the idle D2D users are the potential eavesdroppers. We aim to design secure beamforming schemes to maximize the D2D users data rate while guaranteeing the secrecy rate requirements of the cellular users and the minimum required amounts of power transferred to the idle D2D users. To solve this non-convex problem, a semi-definite programming relaxation（SDR） approach is adopted to obtain the optimal solution. Furthermore, we propose two suboptimal secure beamforming schemes with low computational complexity for providing secure communication and efficient energy transfer. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed scheme.
Objective
This study investigated the efficacy and safety of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization for angiomyolipoma at the renal hilum.
Methods
Between August 2012 and January 2015, 13 ...patients with 16 angiomyolipomas at the renal hilum underwent initial, prophylactic, superselective transcatheter arterial embolization. The patients were followed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and volume-reduction ratios after embolization were measured.
Results
The mean or median post-embolization volume reduction ratios were 23% (follow-up duration, 1–2 months), 55% (3–6 months), 55% (7–12 months), 66% (1–2 years), 67% (2–3 years), and 54% (>3 years). After initial embolization, none of the 16 tumors bled or required surgery; two (13%) tumors recurred; and three (19%) tumors received repeat embolization. Estimated glomerular filtration rates were not decreased at medians of 7 days (near the time of discharge) and 39 days (first clinical follow-up) post-procedure, compared with baseline. Except for post-embolization syndrome, no procedure-related complications occurred.
Conclusions
Superselective embolization for renal hilar angiomyolipoma is safe and kidney-preserving, with good tumor volume reduction and bleeding prevention.
CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing system has been developed as a powerful tool for elucidating the function of genes through genetic engineering in multiple cells and organisms. This system takes ...advantage of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to direct the Cas9 endonuclease to a specific DNA site to generate mutant alleles. Since the targeting efficiency of sgRNAs to distinct DNA loci can vary widely, there remains a need for a rapid, simple and efficient sgRNA selection method to overcome this limitation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Here we report a novel system to select sgRNA with high efficacy for DNA sequence modification by a luciferase assay. Using this sgRNAs selection system, we further demonstrated successful examples of one sgRNA for generating one gene knockout cell lines where the targeted genes are shown to be functionally defective. This system provides a potential application to optimize the sgRNAs in different species and to generate a powerful CRISPR-Cas9 genome-wide screening system with minimum amounts of sgRNAs.
Directional intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers has essential roles in both coordinating patterning processes and integrating multiple ...external cues by rapidly redirecting auxin fluxes. PIN activity is therefore regulated by multiple internal and external cues, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that 3'-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1 (PDK1), which is conserved in plants and mammals, functions as a molecular hub that perceives upstream lipid signalling and modulates downstream substrate activity through phosphorylation. Using genetic analysis, we show that the loss-of-function Arabidopsis pdk1.1 pdk1.2 mutant exhibits a plethora of abnormalities in organogenesis and growth due to defective polar auxin transport. Further cellular and biochemical analyses reveal that PDK1 phosphorylates D6 protein kinase, a well-known upstream activator of PIN proteins. We uncover a lipid-dependent phosphorylation cascade that connects membrane-composition-based cellular signalling with plant growth and patterning by regulating morphogenetic auxin fluxes.
PDF
