Local protests against municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration have become intractable problems in metropolitan areas worldwide. Based on the theory of strategic action fields, we adopt a ...comprehensive perspective to understand how controversies surrounding MSW incineration exert influence over the dominant order within the field. Adopting a qualitative research method, we conducted field research in three Chinese cities where proposals for incineration plants have aroused disputes between different categories of actors. The collected empirical data consist of 42 semi-structured interviews and materials provided by interviewees. By examining the dynamic process of protests between challengers and incumbents, we found that skilled actors fight over a meso-level social order - the waste disposal industry and waste management policies - through competition and cooperation. We also found a mix of instrumental and existential motivations in their involvement in the conflict. Our findings deepens understanding of contentions regarding waste management, thereby enriching the existing literature. In a broader sense, our analysis contributes to the discussion of how actors occupying different positions compete for dominance in a specific field and can succeed, under certain circumstances, in shaping social action.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs nanocomposite was prepared through ZIF-67 template and selenization reaction.•The CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited excellent sensing properties toward ammonia.•The synergistic ...effects and heterojunction of CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs were attributed to the enhanced NH3 sensing properties.
This paper presents a high-sensitivity ammonia (NH3) sensor based on nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon-coated cobalt diselenide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes-decorated nano-composite (CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs). In this study, nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon-coated cobalt diselenide (CoSe2@NC) was prepared from a cobalt-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and in situ selenization of cobalt ions. The prepared samples were characterized by all kinds of advanced techniques of SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD and BET. The CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs film was deposited on an epoxy substrate having interdigitated electrode microstructure. The NH3 sensing characteristics of the sensor were studied at room temperature (RT) of 25 °C and 43% relative humidity (RH). The response of the CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs-S2 sensor to 10 ppm NH3 is up to 93.37%, and the sensor can detect NH3 concentration as low as 0.1 ppm. In addition, the effect of humidity on sensor performance was also explored. This significant increase in gas sensing performance is primarily due to the synergistic effects of CoSe2@NC/MWCNTs composite and the effect of p-n heterojunction. The sensor proposed in this work is capable for the NH3 gas detection and human disease diagnosis.
The objective of this study is to explore regional differences in the ecological efficiency (EF) of marine ranch and to find sustainable development countermeasures through scenario simulations. ...Initially, the study employed the Malmquist-DEA index to evaluate the discrepancy of EF in different marine ranch zones in China. Following this, the system dynamics (SD) model was used to simulate the evolution trends of EF under different policy scenarios with the official statistics from 2011 to 2016. It is concluded that the EF of marine ranch is unbalanced at sea and provincial level. The Huanghai and Bohai Sea region is at the highest level, followed by the East Sea region and the South Sea region respectively. Moreover, the simulation results under different conditions show that the effect of sufficient capital investment, technological innovation and technological experience accumulation on EF is significantly positive. Based on this, we put forward feasible suggestions from the perspectives of capital input, local conditions and scientific research resources, so as to provide scientific basis for policymakers to improve the EF of marine ranch.
•Malmquist-DEA index and system dynamics (SD) model are used to evaluate the ecological efficiency (EF) of marine ranch.•Technology and research resource, spread and management of technology, basic investment is set as the constraints.•Spatial distribution differences and evolution characteristics of EF are revealed under the policy scenario simulations.•The key influencing factors about the improvement of EF are identified and the relevant measures are proposed.
1 (BoHV-1) is a highly contagious viral pathogen which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle worldwide. Currently, there is no antiviral prophylactic treatment available capable of ...mitigating the disease impact and facilitating recovery from latent infection. In this study, we have engineered a novel recombinant anti-BoHV-1 immunotoxin construct termed "BoScFv-PE38" that consists of a single-chain monoclonal antibody fragment (scFv) fused with an active domain of
exotoxin A as a toxic effector (PE38). The recombinant BoScFv-PE38 immunotoxin expressed in a prokaryotic expression system has specific binding affinity for BoHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 12.81 nM and for BoHV-1 virus particles with a Kd value of 97.63 nM. We demonstrate that the recombinant BoScFv-PE38 is internalized into MDBK cell compartments that inhibit BoHV-1 replication with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
) of 4.95 ± 0.33 nM and a selective index (SI) of 456 ± 31. Furthermore, the BoScFv-PE38 exerted a cytotoxic effect through the induction of ATP and ammonia, leading to apoptosis of BoHV-1-infected cells and the inhibition of BoHV-1 replication in MDBK cells. Collectively, we show that BoScFv-PE38 can potentially be employed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of BoHV-1 infection.
An accurate diagnosis for high-suspicion nodules based on the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines would reduce unnecessary invasive examinations. Elastography is a useful tool for ...discriminating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of elastography for high-suspicion thyroid nodules based on the 2015 ATA guidelines in the Chinese population.
Thyroid nodules with high-suspicion characteristics based on the 2015 ATA guidelines were subjected to conventional ultrasound (US) and ultrasound strain elastography (USE) examinations at 12 hospitals from 4 geographic regions across China. Cytology/histology of thyroid nodules was used as a reference method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio (SR). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of malignancy.
Overall, a total of 1445 thyroid nodules (834 malignant, 611 benign) from 12 centers were included in the final analysis. The areas under the curve of the ES and SR were 0.828 and 0.732, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the ES were 92.4, 60.7, 79.0, 76.3 and 85.5%, respectively, and those of the SR were 81.1, 50.1, 68.9, 65.9 and 67.9%, respectively. The combination of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and ES led to a significant increase in the sensitivity and NPV (97.1 and 91.9%, respectively) compared with the TI-RADS alone. Logistic regression analysis showed that microcalcifications (OR = 5.290), taller than wide (OR = 12.710), irregular margins (OR = 10.117), extrathyroidal extension (ETE; OR = 6.412), the ES (OR = 3.741) and the SR (OR = 1.083) were independent predictors of malignant thyroid nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of the ES were all superior in nodules ≥1 cm than in those < 1 cm (95.0% vs 90.4, 68.8% vs 56.8, 85.9% vs 74.4, 85.2% vs 69.9, and 87.8% vs 84.2%, respectively).
Elastography combined with the ES is a valuable tool for the assessment of high-suspicion thyroid nodules based on the 2015 ATA guidelines, especially in nodules ≥1 cm.
With the exponential growth of traffic demand, ultra-dense networks are proposed to increase the network capacity. However, the high-density access point (AP) deployment will increase the complexity ...of AP coordination, and AP cluster (APC) needs to be considered in practical implementations. Due to the dynamic changes in spatiotemporal distribution of users and service demand, we propose a social-energy-based cluster management (SECM) scheme in order to reduce APC update frequency. Specifically, in social domain, we propose a congeniality-based personalized recommendation (CPR) algorithm to predict users' incoming requests. We further propose a CPR-based AP cluster algorithm to solve the matching problem among users, APs, and content. In energy domain, we propose an inter-cluster energy cooperation scheme to avoid the shutting down of members in AP cluster and reduce the update of clusters. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can achieve a gain of 77.8% in the APC management utility averagely, without loss of fairness compared with the other state-of-the-art schemes.
•Most of parents in China had low levels of knowledge about HPV vaccine.•Mothers were slightly more willing to vaccinate themselves than their daughters.•Determinants of willingness to vaccinate ...daughters included higher income, knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine, and living in an urban area.•Educational outreach and HPV vaccine price reduction may increase HPV vaccine uptake.
To assess knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine, willingness to have their daughters receive HPV vaccine, and factors associated with knowledge and willingness among parents of females 9 to 18 years of age in China.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents with daughters 9 to 18 years of age in four provinces of China using a self-administered questionnaire. We used multivariable regression analyses to determine factors associated with willingness vaccinate.
We received completed surveys from 5,215 parents. Among respondents, 846 (16.24 %) had a high level of knowledge about HPV (total score ≥ 5). High level of HPV knowledge was associated with having daughters who were <15 years old; having experience paying out-of-pocket for other vaccines; being a mother; having higher educational achievement; being a medical staff member; being in a higher-income category; and residing in an urban area. There were 2,419 (46.39 %) parents who were willing to vaccinate their daughter against HPV and 2,757 (52.87 %) who were willing to receive vaccine themselves (for female respondents) or indicated willingness of their spouse to be vaccinated (for male respondents). Willingness of mothers to be vaccinated was associated with daughters’ age being greater than 14 years; having previously purchased self-paid vaccines; having higher educational achievement; being in a higher-income category; having a higher level of knowledge; and residing in an urban area. Parental willingness to vaccinate daughters was associated with daughters’ age being greater than 14 years, age of parents younger 40, a history of purchasing self-paid vaccines; higher educational achievement; having a higher level of knowledge; being willing to receive HPV vaccine (themselves or their spouse); and residing in an urban area.
Level of knowledge and willingness to have daughters vaccinated with HPV vaccine are low among Chinese parents. For universal HPV vaccination of females 9–18 years of age, it is necessary to educate parents about HPV and HPV vaccine, and to reduce the price of HPV vaccine.
•An accordion-like layered vanadium nitride electrode material was synthesized.•Asymmetric supercapacitor has 2.4 V high voltage window.•A high energy density of 8.5 mWh cm−3 at 34.3 mW cm−3 was ...realized.
Extensive exploratory works are dedicating to increase the energy density of aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (AASCs), from the perspective of augmenting the specific capacitance and widening the operating voltage window. Herein, Mxene (V2C) derived unique accordion-like layered vanadium nitride coated by ultrathin amorphous carbon layer (L-VN@AC) is synthesized via a facile nitride strategy as negative electrode materials for AASC. Profiting from the distinctive layered structure inherited from V2C, the resultant L-VN@AC electrode exhibits a more remarkable areal capacitance (631.4 mF cm−2) and outstanding rate capability compared to the V2C precursor and commercial vanadium nitride (C-VN). Furthermore, a brand-new charge matching mechanism is proposed for the assembly of AASCs with capacitive-type (pseudocapacitance/electric double layer capacitance) electrode materials to soften the impact of energy density ascribed to the capacitance gap between the asymmetrical electrodes. Based on this charge matching mechanism, an optimized L-VN@AC//α-MnO2 AASC with 2.4 V operating voltage is assembled to achieve the enhancements in energy densities (597.5 μWh cm−2 at 2.4 mW cm−2 and 8.5 mWh cm−3 at 34.3 mW cm−3). It is believed that the design of high-performance L-VN@AC electrode materials and the proposal of balanced capacitance mechanism will provide new insights for the development of supercapacitors from two aspects of material synthesis and device assembly mechanism.
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