Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought ...to be an effective measure to depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of vegetables and fruits is inversely associated with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits are considered to be responsible for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals can be found in many foods and medicinal plants, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities, as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidant phytochemicals, and discusses their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
Abstract
Na-ion cathode materials operating at high voltage with a stable cycling behavior are needed to develop future high-energy Na-ion cells. However, the irreversible oxygen redox reaction at ...the high-voltage region in sodium layered cathode materials generates structural instability and poor capacity retention upon cycling. Here, we report a doping strategy by incorporating light-weight boron into the cathode active material lattice to decrease the irreversible oxygen oxidation at high voltages (i.e., >4.0 V vs. Na
+
/Na). The presence of covalent B–O bonds and the negative charges of the oxygen atoms ensures a robust ligand framework for the NaLi
1/9
Ni
2/9
Fe
2/9
Mn
4/9
O
2
cathode material while mitigating the excessive oxidation of oxygen for charge compensation and avoiding irreversible structural changes during cell operation. The B-doped cathode material promotes reversible transition metal redox reaction enabling a room-temperature capacity of 160.5 mAh g
−1
at 25 mA g
−1
and capacity retention of 82.8% after 200 cycles at 250 mA g
−1
. A 71.28 mAh single-coated lab-scale Na-ion pouch cell comprising a pre-sodiated hard carbon-based anode and B-doped cathode material is also reported as proof of concept.
Delivery of high‐energy density with long cycle life is facing a severe challenge in developing cathode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here a composite Na0.6MnO2 with ...layered–tunnel structure combining intergrowth morphology of nanoplates and nanorods for SIBs, which is clearly confirmed by micro scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic resolution is presented. Owing to the integrated advantages of P2 layered structure with high capacity and that of the tunnel structure with excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance, the composite electrode delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 198.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2C rate, leading to a high‐energy density of 520.4 Wh kg−1. This intergrowth integration engineering strategy may modulate the physical and chemical properties in oxide cathodes and provide new perspectives on the optimal design of high‐energy density and high‐stable materials for SIBs.
A novel layered–tunnel intergrowth structure with stoichiometric Na0.6MnO2 composition is designed as a high‐performance cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Owing to the integrated advantages of the P2 layered structure with high capacity and that of the tunnel structure with excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance, this intergrowth cathode might be a promising cathode candidate for the large‐scale energy storage application of SIBs.
•A novel random neighbor elite guided mutation strategy named “DE/current-to-rnbest/1”, which is a general mutation framework.•Random neighbor region formed by several random individuals in the ...population.•Two special cases of “DE/current-to-rnbest/1”: “DE/current-to-best/1” and “DE/current-to-pbest/1”•Adaptive neighbor size adjustment at the individual level based on the Cauchy distribution.•Exploring and exploiting the solution space appropriately to find global optima.
Optimization problems not only become more and more ubiquitous in various fields, but also become more and more difficult to optimize nowadays, which seriously challenge the effectiveness of existing optimizers like different evolution (DE). To effectively solve this kind of problems, this paper proposes a random neighbor elite guided differential evolution (RNEGDE) algorithm. Specifically, to let individuals explore and exploit the solution space properly, a novel random neighbor elite guided mutation strategy named “DE/current-to-rnbest/1” is first proposed to mutate individuals. In this mutation strategy, several individuals randomly selected from the population for each individual to be updated along with the individual itself form a neighbor region, and then the best one in such a region is adopted as the guiding exemplar to mutate the individual. Due to the random selection of neighbors and the directional guidance of elites, this strategy is expected to direct individuals to promising areas fast without serious loss of diversity. Notably, it is found that two popular mutation strategies, namely “DE/current-to-best/1” and “DE/current-to-pbest/1”, are two special cases of the proposed “DE/current-to-rnbest/1”. Further, to alleviate the sensitivity of the proposed algorithm to the involved parameters, this paper utilizes the Gaussian distribution and the Cauchy distribution to adaptively generate parameter values for each individual with the mean value of the Gaussian distribution and the position value of the Cauchy distribution adaptively adjusted based on the evolutionary information of the population. With the above two techniques, the proposed algorithm is expected to effectively search the solution space. At last, extensive experiments conducted on one widely used benchmark function set with three different dimension sizes demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves highly competitive or even much better performance than several compared state-of-the-art peer methods.
Low‐cost and stable sodium‐layered oxides (such as P2‐ and O3‐phases) are suggested as highly promising cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). Biphasic hybridization, mainly involving P2/O3 ...and P2/P3 biphases, is typically used to boost their electrochemical performances. Herein, a P3/O3 intergrown layered oxide (Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2) as high‐rate and long‐life cathode for NIBs via tuning the amounts of Ti substitution in Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3−xTixO2 (x = 0, 1/6, 1/3, 2/3) is demonstrated. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy show the co‐existence of P3 and O3 phases, and density functional theory calculation corroborates the appearance of the anomalous O3 phase at the Ti substitution amount of 1/3. The P3/O3 biphasic cathode delivers an unexpected rate capability (≈88.7% of the initial capacity at a high rate of 5 C) and cycling stability (≈68.7% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 C), superior to those of the sing phases P3‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, P3‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/2Ti1/6O2, and O3‐Na2/3Ni1/3Ti2/3O2. The highly reversible structural evolution of the P3/O3 integrated cathode observed by ex situ XRD, ex situ X‐ray absorption spectra, and the rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics, underpin the enhancement. These results show the important role of P3/O3 biphasic hybridization in designing and engineering layered oxide cathodes for NIBs.
P3/O3 biphasic Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2 cathode material is prepared for Na‐ion batteries by tuning the Ti amounts. This P3/O3 intergrown cathode delivers superior rate capability and cycling stability to those of the pristine P3 and O3 phases, which are underpinned by the observed highly reversible structural transition of P3/O3 biphase and the rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics.
Abstract A model is developed to establish the relationship between the critical gyration radius k of the primary component and the mass ratio ( q ) by considering the different dimensionless ...gyration radii of main-sequence stars with varying masses. The next step involves obtaining the low mass ratio limit ( $${q_{\text{min}}} = 0.038 \sim 0.041$$ q min = 0.038 ∼ 0.041 for overcontact degree $$f = 0$$ f = 0 ~ 1) of W UMa-type contact binaries. Furthermore, the radial density distributions are estimated within the range of $$0.3 M_{\odot } \sim 4.0 M_{\odot }$$ 0.3 M ⊙ ∼ 4.0 M ⊙ , based on the mass-radius relationship of main-sequence stars. Subsequently, the physical meaning of the minimum k value is proposed, which leads to an explanation for the cause of the minimum mass ratio. Finally, a stability criterion is proposed, which is based on both the mass ratio ( q ) and the total mass of the two components ( $$M_{tot}$$ M tot ).
A hybrid solid/liquid electrolyte with superior security facilitates the implementation of high‐energy‐density storage devices, but it suffers from inferior chemical compatibility with cathodes. ...Herein, an optimal lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate salt was introduced to build in situ an amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) between Ni‐rich cathodes and hybrid electrolyte. The CEI preserves the surface structure with high compatibility, leading to enhanced interfacial stability. Meanwhile, the space‐charge layer can be prominently mitigated at the solid/solid interface via harmonized chemical potentials, acquiring promoted interfacial dynamics as revealed by COMSOL simulation. Consequently, the amorphous CEI integrates the bifunctionality to provide an excellent cycling stability, high Coulombic efficiency, and favorable rate capability in high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries, innovating the design philosophy of functional CEI strategy for future high‐energy‐density batteries.
The CEI's advantage: An amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) with superior chemical compatibility and plasticity was formed via in situ LiDFOB conversion. It endows high‐voltage hybrid solid/liquid batteries with significantly enhanced interfacial stability, durability, and dynamics.
The present study was designed to investigate whether Araloside C, one of the major triterpenoid compounds isolated from Aralia elata known to be cardioprotective, can improve heart function ...following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. We observed that Araloside C concentration‐dependently improved cardiac function and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Similar protection was confirmed in isolated cardiomyocytes characterized by maintaining Ca2+ transients and cell shortening against I/R. Moreover, the potential targets of Araloside C were predicted using the DDI‐CPI server and Discovery Studio software. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Araloside C could be stably docked into the ATP/ADP‐binding domain of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) protein via the formation of hydrogen bonds. The binding affinity of Hsp90 to Araloside C was detected using nanopore optical interferometry and yielded KD values of 29 μM. Araloside C also up‐regulated the expression levels of Hsp90 and improved cell viability in hypoxia/reoxygenation‐treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, whereas the addition of 17‐AAG, a pharmacologic inhibitor of Hsp90, attenuated Araloside C‐induced cardioprotective effect. These findings reveal that Araloside C can efficiently attenuate myocardial I/R injury by reducing I/R‐induced oxidative stress and Ca2+i overload, which was possibly related to its binding to the Hsp90 protein.
Polar materials, with intrinsic polarization effects, present significant potential for photo(electro)catalysis. However, the available natural polar materials in this field are quite scarce, due to ...the requisite structural non‐centrosymmetry. Defect engineering emerges as a promising avenue for tuning material symmetry, yet achieving the transition from centrosymmetric to non‐centrosymmetric structures and optimizing associated polarization effects remains challenging. This study demonstrates symmetry breaking in centrosymmetric 3R‐delafossite AgFeO2 through ordered oxygen defects introduction, yielding substantial macroscopic polarization. The transition is achieved via annealing post‐treatment of co‐precipitation‐hydrothermal AgFeO2 samples, with precision in oxygen defects control by tailoring annealing conditions. Experimental characterizations reveal ordered interstitial oxygen and disordered oxygen vacancies. Density functional theory calculations indicate a higher propensity for the formation of disordered oxygen vacancies compared to ordered ones, while ordered interstitial oxygen is more easily formed than its disordered counterpart. Resultant macroscopic polarization enhances photoelectrochemical performance, with photocurrent density increasing from 0.79 to 2.95 µA cm−2. Coupling macroscopic and spin polarization via external electric and magnetic fields further enhances photocurrent density (≈18.44 µA cm−2). These findings provide reference cases and strategies for applying polarization effects in photo(electro)catalytic technology.
Oxygen defect engineering is employed to break symmetry and induce macroscopic polarization in AgFeO2 photocathodes, significantly boosting PEC performance. Ordered interstitial oxygen incorporation results in a substantial photocurrent density enhancement, and the application of external electric and magnetic fields further amplifies this effect, demonstrating a synergistic strategy and multi‐physics field coupling for further improving solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency.
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