•The interaction between PREC and LOS underpins the primary distribution of NPP.•The interaction of various factors has an impact on the local distribution of NPP.•SRAD and SOS can significantly ...affect NPP, and should not overlook.
Both net primary productivity (NPP) and vegetation phenology play essential roles in influencing the carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the relationship between vegetation phenology and NPP remains unclear under the effects of global warming. This study used Geodetector to analyze the interaction mechanisms between climate, phenology, elevation, and NPP in Yunnan, China. The results are as follows. (1) NPP is positively correlated with NDVI, LOS, EOS, TEMP, PREC and SRAD, and negatively correlated with ELEV, NDBI and SOS. However, the main influencing factors leading to the variation of NPP differ with the region. (2) The spatial distribution of NPP and LOS in Yunnan Province is mainly influenced by the monsoon, showing a pattern of high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and the interaction between PREC and LOS is the main reason for the variation of NPP. (3) In the high-altitude region of northwest Yunnan, the interaction between altitude and PREC is the primary factor affecting NPP variation. (4) In the tropical monsoon forest region of southern Yunnan, the interaction between SRAD and PREC is the main cause of NPP changes. (5) Despite having a small effect on NPP, SOS was the only phenological factor that showed a significant linear relationship with NPP. This study reveals the complex and diverse interactions between climate, phenology, elevation, and NPP in different regions of Yunnan, and provides a new perspective for understanding the carbon cycle and ecological processes of terrestrial ecosystems under global warming.
Treatment against bacterial infection is crucial for wound healing. Development of cost-effective antibacterial agent with wound healing properties is still in high demand. In this study we aimed to ...design chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/zinc oxide (CS/PVA/ZnO) beads as novel antibacterial agent with wound healing properties. CS/PVA/ZnO beads were synthesized, and characterized by using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM analysis. Pure chitosan exhibits two peaks at 2θ=10 and 20 and the CS/PVA polymer matrix exhibit the peaks at 2θ=19.7° and another of low intensity at 2θ=11.5°. Pure ZnO shows the characteristic peaks at (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), and (112) that were in good agreement with wurtzite ore having hexagonal lattice structure. The antibacterial activity of CS/PVA/ZnO against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated with the zone of inhibition method. Antibacterial activity of CS/PVA/ZnO was higher than that of chitosan (CS) and poly(vinyl alcohol (PVA). Hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of CS/PVA/ZnO were tested in in vitro. Wound healing properties of CS/PVA/ZnO were tested in mice skin wound. CS/PVA/ZnO showed strong antimicrobial, wound healing effect, hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Hence the results strongly support the possibility of using this novel CS/PVA/ZnO material for the anti bacterial and wound healing application.
•Photodegradation behaviors of MPs in the presence of clays were firstly explored.•Clay minerals, particularly kaolinite, significantly enhanced the MP photoaging.•The aging of PET was more prominent ...than PVC.•Clay facilitated the production of •OH, greatly contributing to MP degradation.•Photodegradation mechanism of MPs mediated by clay minerals was disclosed.
It is well known that microplastics (MPs) may experience weathering and aging under ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation, but it remains unclear if these processes are impacted by natural components, such as clay minerals. In this study, we systematically investigated the photodegradation behaviors of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), two utmost used plastics, in the presence of clay minerals (kaolinite and montmorillonite). The results demonstrated that the clay minerals, particularly kaolinite, significantly promoted the MPs photodegradation, and the aging of PET was more prominent. The photodegradation was the most distinct at pH 7.0, regardless of the presence or absence of the clay minerals. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance and inhibition experiments of reactive oxygen species indicated that the minerals, particularly kaolinite, remarkably facilitated production of •OH, which was the key species contributing to the photodegradation of MPs. Specifically, UV irradiation facilitated the photo-ionization of MPs, producing hydrated electrons and MP radical cations (MP+). The Lewis base sites prevalent on the clay siloxane surfaces could stabilize the MP radical cations and prevent their recombination with hydrated electrons, which promoted the generation of •OH under aerobic conditions, and facilitated the degradation of MP. Two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) correlation spectroscopy (COS) analysis and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a Q Exactive Orbitrap HF mass spectrometer were used to identify the sequential changes of functional groups, and the degradation products of the MPs. This study improves our understanding on the aging of MPs in the complex natural environment.
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In this work, a water splitting photoanode composed of a BiVO4 thin film surface modified by the deposition of a rhodium (Rh)‐doped SrTiO3 perovskite is fabricated, and the Rh‐doped SrTiO3 outer ...layer exhibits special photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution co‐catalytic activity. Controlled intensity modulated photo‐current spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and other electrochemical results indicate that the Rh on the perovskite provide an oxidation active site during the PEC water oxidation process by reducing the reaction energy barrier for water oxidation. Theoretical calculations indicate that the water oxidation reaction is more likely to occur on the (110) crystal plane of Rh‐SrTiO3 because the oxygen evolution reaction overpotential on the (110) crystal plane is reduced significantly. Therefore, the obtained BiVO4/Rh5%‐SrTiO3 photoanode exhibits an optimized PEC performance. In particular, it facilitates the saturation of the photocurrent density. Thus, the presence of doped Rh in SrTiO3 can reduce the amount of noble metals required while achieving excellent and stable oxygen evolution properties.
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalytic performance of Rh‐doped perovskite SrTiO3
is researched. Rh provides the main active sites for the OER and the overpotential over the Rh‐SrTiO3 (110) facet is significantly reduced. Rh‐doped SrTiO3 greatly reduces the amount of noble metals, but displays excellent oxygen evolution properties. It also takes into account the stability of perovskite materials.
Abstract
Monocular depth estimation aims to recover the depth information in three-dimensional (3D) space from a single image efficiently, but it is an ill-posed problem. Recently, Transformer-based ...architectures have achieved excellent accuracy in monocular depth estimation. However, due to the characteristics of Transformer, the model parameters are huge and the inference speed is slow. In traditional convolutional neural network–based architectures, many encoder-decoders perform serial fusion of the multi-scale features of each stage of the encoder and then output predictions. However, in these approaches it may be difficult to recover the spatial information lost by the encoder during pooling and convolution. To enhance this serial structure, we propose a structure from the decoder perspective, which first predicts global and local depth information in parallel and then fuses them. Results show that this structure is an effective improvement over traditional methods and has accuracy comparable with that of state-of-the-art methods in both indoor and outdoor scenes, but with fewer parameters and computations. Moreover, results of ablation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed decoder.
Background Serum cystatin C was proposed as a potential replacement for serum creatinine in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. We report the development and evaluation of GFR-estimating ...equations using serum cystatin C alone and serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, or both with demographic variables. Study Design Test of diagnostic accuracy. Setting & Participants Participants screened for 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) studies in the United States (n = 2,980) and a clinical population in Paris, France (n = 438). Reference Test Measured GFR (mGFR). Index Test Estimated GFR using the 4 new equations based on serum cystatin C alone, serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, or both with age, sex, and race. New equations were developed by using linear regression with log GFR as the outcome in two thirds of data from US studies. Internal validation was performed in the remaining one third of data from US CKD studies; external validation was performed in the Paris study. Measurements GFR was measured by using urinary clearance of iodine-125–iothalamate in the US studies and chromium-51–EDTA in the Paris study. Serum cystatin C was measured by using Dade-Behring assay, standardized serum creatinine values were used. Results Mean mGFR, serum creatinine, and serum cystatin C values were 48 mL/min/1.73 m2 (5th to 95th percentile, 15 to 95), 2.1 mg/dL, and 1.8 mg/L, respectively. For the new equations, coefficients for age, sex, and race were significant in the equation with serum cystatin C, but 2- to 4-fold smaller than in the equation with serum creatinine. Measures of performance in new equations were consistent across the development and internal and external validation data sets. Percentages of estimated GFR within 30% of mGFR for equations based on serum cystatin C alone, serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, or both levels with age, sex, and race were 81%, 83%, 85%, and 89%, respectively. The equation using serum cystatin C level alone yields estimates with small biases in age, sex, and race subgroups, which are improved in equations including these variables. Limitations Study population composed mainly of patients with CKD. Conclusions Serum cystatin C level alone provides GFR estimates that are nearly as accurate as serum creatinine level adjusted for age, sex, and race, thus providing an alternative GFR estimate that is not linked to muscle mass. An equation including serum cystatin C level in combination with serum creatinine level, age, sex, and race provides the most accurate estimates.
Climate influences net primary productivity (NPP) either directly or indirectly via phenology. Therefore, clarifying the indirect effects of climate on NPP through phenology is of utmost importance. ...However, the underlying mechanisms by which phenology indirectly affects NPP are unknown and poorly studied. Based on different structural equation models, this study analyzed the influence of phenology on the relationship between climate and NPP, and the results were as follows: (1) Temperature and solar radiation directly affect the end and beginning of the growing season, respectively, while precipitation indirectly affects the beginning of the growing season. (2) Spring phenology mainly affects the relationship between subsequent precipitation and net primary productivity, while autumn phenology mainly affects the relationship between temperature and net primary productivity. (3) Solar radiation is the most important direct influence factor on phenology and NPP, and the relationship between it and NPP is hardly disturbed by vegetation phenology. This research holds significant scientific and applied values in enhancing our understanding of the effects of global warming, forecasting ecosystem responses in the future, and formulating adaptation strategies.
Abstract
The National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB), provides a suite of database resources to support worldwide research activities in both ...academia and industry. With the explosive growth of multi-omics data, CNCB-NGDC is continually expanding, updating and enriching its core database resources through big data deposition, integration and translation. In the past year, considerable efforts have been devoted to 2019nCoVR, a newly established resource providing a global landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences, variants, and haplotypes, as well as Aging Atlas, BrainBase, GTDB (Glycosyltransferases Database), LncExpDB, and TransCirc (Translation potential for circular RNAs). Meanwhile, a series of resources have been updated and improved, including BioProject, BioSample, GWH (Genome Warehouse), GVM (Genome Variation Map), GEN (Gene Expression Nebulas) as well as several biodiversity and plant resources. Particularly, BIG Search, a scalable, one-stop, cross-database search engine, has been significantly updated by providing easy access to a large number of internal and external biological resources from CNCB-NGDC, our partners, EBI and NCBI. All of these resources along with their services are publicly accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn.
Existing dehazing algorithms are not effective for remote sensing images (RSIs) with dense haze, and dehazed results are prone to over-enhancement, color distortion, and artifacts. To tackle these ...problems, we propose a model GTMNet based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViTs), combined with dark channel prior (DCP) to achieve good performance. Specifically, a spatial feature transform (SFT) layer is first used to smoothly introduce the guided transmission map (GTM) into the model, improving the ability of the network to estimate haze thickness. A strengthen-operate-subtract (SOS) boosted module is then added to refine the local features of the restored image. The framework of GTMNet is determined by adjusting the input of the SOS boosted module and the position of the SFT layer. On SateHaze1k dataset, we compare GTMNet with several classical dehazing algorithms. The results show that on sub-datasets of Moderate Fog and Thick Fog, the PSNR and SSIM of GTMNet-B are comparable to that of the state-of-the-art model Dehazeformer-L, with only 0.1 times of parameter quantity. In addition, our method is intuitively effective in improving the clarity and the details of dehazed images, which proves the usefulness and significance of using the prior GTM and the SOS boosted module in a single RSI dehazing.
To investigate the effects of a structured moderate-intensity resistance exercise program on blood glucose levels and other health-related indicators in patients with GDM.
A total of 99 patients with ...GDM in a tertiary class A general hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. GDM patients in the control group received routine prenatal care, online education, and a personalized diabetes diet intervention. The experimental group was treated in the same way as the control group with the addition of a moderate intensity resistance exercise program.
The blood glucose levels in both groups were lower after the intervention compared with before intervention (P < 0.05). After intervention, the average fasting blood glucose, the 2 h postprandial blood glucose, the utilization rate of insulin, the amount of insulin, gestational weight gain and blood pressure (P < 0.05) in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In addition, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the two groups after intervention (P > 0.05).
Moderate intensity resistance exercise was helpful for improvement of blood glucose control and insulin use, gestational weight gain and blood pressure in patients with GDM. In the future, long-term follow-up of both maternal and newborn infants should be performed to assess the long-term effects of exercise intervention on maternal and child health. The impact on the risk of obesity and diabetes may need to be further clarified.
The trial was approved by the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and registration number: ChiCTR1900027929.
•GDM, a metabolic disorder with high incidence, can affect the normal pregnancy and delivery process and increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for mother and child.•Currently, there are very limited studies on the effect of resistance exercise intervention on blood glucose levels and other health aspects in patients with GDM, and the conclusions are inconsistent.•A structured, supervised, planned, moderate-intensity, resistance exercise program improved blood glucose control, insulin use, gestational weight gain and blood pressure in patients with GDM, and was a safe non-pharmacological intervention strategy for this population.
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