Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is not only a feasible protocol for demonstrating quantum computational advantage, but also mathematically associated with certain graph-related and quantum chemistry ...problems. In particular, it is proposed that the generated samples from the GBS could be harnessed to enhance the classical stochastic algorithms in searching some graph features. Here, we use Jiǔzhāng, a noisy intermediate-scale quantum computer, to solve graph problems. The samples are generated from a 144-mode fully connected photonic processor, with photon click up to 80 in the quantum computational advantage regime. We investigate the open question of whether the GBS enhancement over the classical stochastic algorithms persists-and how it scales-with an increasing system size on noisy quantum devices in the computationally interesting regime. We experimentally observe the presence of GBS enhancement with a large photon-click number and a robustness of the enhancement under certain noise. Our work is a step toward testing real-world problems using the existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers and hopes to stimulate the development of more efficient classical and quantum-inspired algorithms.
We report new Gaussian boson sampling experiments with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detection, which register up to 255 photon-click events. We consider partial photon distinguishability and ...develop a more complete model for the characterization of the noisy Gaussian boson sampling. In the quantum computational advantage regime, we use Bayesian tests and correlation function analysis to validate the samples against all current classical spoofing mockups. Estimating with the best classical algorithms to date, generating a single ideal sample from the same distribution on the supercomputer Frontier would take ∼600 yr using exact methods, whereas our quantum computer, Jiǔzhāng 3.0, takes only 1.27 μs to produce a sample. Generating the hardest sample from the experiment using an exact algorithm would take Frontier∼3.1×10^{10} yr.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of parental anxiety associated with epileptic children, and to explore whether and how this specific condition affects children＇s quality of life （QOL）, and ...what are the significant determinants for parental anxiety. Methods Three hundred and forty parents whose children were affected with known epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Questionnaires for quality of life in childhood epilepsy （QOLCE）, and hospital anxiety and depression （HAD） of parents were used to collect demographic data of both children and their parents, as well as clinical manifestations of epilepsy and family status. Results Parental anxiety （of any severity） was observed in 191 subjects at interview, giving a prevalence rate of 56.2%. Of the 191 subjects, 18.5% reported mild anxiety, 24.4% moderate anxiety, and 13.2% severe anxiety. Factors associated with parental anxiety included frequency of seizure in children, average monthly income per person and parents＇ knowledge about epilepsy （P〈O.05）. Parental anxiety significantly （P--O.O00） correlated with quality of life of children with epilepsy. Conclusion Parents of children with epilepsy are at high risk of having anxiety. Factors associated with parental anxiety originate both from children and from parents. Parental anxiety is significantly related with children＇s QOL. It is important for experts concerned to recognize such a relationship to improve the QOL of children and their parents.
Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is not only a feasible protocol for demonstrating quantum computational advantage, but also mathematically associated with certain graph-related and quantum chemistry ...problems. In particular, it is proposed that the generated samples from the GBS could be harnessed to enhance the classical stochastic algorithms in searching some graph features. Here, we use Jiuzhang, a noisy intermediate-scale quantum computer, to solve graph problems. The samples are generated from a 144-mode fully-connected photonic processor, with photon-click up to 80 in the quantum computational advantage regime. We investigate the open question of whether the GBS enhancement over the classical stochastic algorithms persists -- and how it scales -- with an increasing system size on noisy quantum devices in the computationally interesting regime. We experimentally observe the presence of GBS enhancement with large photon-click number and a robustness of the enhancement under certain noise. Our work is a step toward testing real-world problems using the existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers, and hopes to stimulate the development of more efficient classical and quantum-inspired algorithms.
We report new Gaussian boson sampling experiments with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detection, which register up to 255 photon-click events. We consider partial photon distinguishability and ...develop a more complete model for the characterization of the noisy Gaussian boson sampling. In the quantum computational advantage regime, we use Bayesian tests and correlation function analysis to validate the samples against all current classical mockups. Estimating with the best classical algorithms to date, generating a single ideal sample from the same distribution on the supercomputer Frontier would take ~ 600 years using exact methods, whereas our quantum computer, Jiuzhang 3.0, takes only 1.27 us to produce a sample. Generating the hardest sample from the experiment using an exact algorithm would take Frontier ~ 3.1*10^10 years.
The SEN clogging is a serious problem for continuous casting operation and steel quality. The kinetics mathematic model of SEN clogging during steel continuous casting is discussed. The fluid flow ...and inclusions motion are calculated by means of mathematic model. Effects of diameters of inclusions, roughness of nozzle, diameter of nozzle and casting speed on the entrapment probability are calculated and evaluated. The result shows that inclusions are more easily to attach to the nozzle by the following condition: smaller inclusion size, larger roughness of the wall and the smaller bulk velocity in the nozzle.
Highlights • Water electrolysis-derived hydrogen is effective in cerebral I/R injury. • Water electrolysis-derived hydrogen prevents oxidative stress and inflammation. • Water electrolysis-derived ...hydrogen is safe for inhalation. • Water electrolysis-derived hydrogen is a new hydrogen resource for clinical use.
Aim
The study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety profile of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin (HAIC‐FOLFOX) as an alternative ...therapeutic choice for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is refractory to systemic treatment including immune checkpoint blockades or molecular targeting agents.
Methods
Two hundred and forty five consecutive patients with advanced HCC who received HAIC‐FOLFOX treatment after systemic treatment failure were retrospectively reviewed in six institutions and their survival, tumor response, and tolerance were assessed.
Results
The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival of the 209 included participants were 10.5 months (95% confidence interval CI, 8.1–12.9) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1–6.9), respectively. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria, the objective response rate was 21.1%, and the disease control rate was 64.6%. Multivariate analysis of risk factors of OS were albumin–bilirubin grade (2 and 3 vs. 1, hazard ratio HR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05–2.34; p = 0.028), tumor number (>3 vs. 1–3, HR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.10–4.34; p = 0.026), extrahepatic spread (present vs. absent, HR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.06–2.45; p = 0.027), synchronous systemic treatment (present vs. absent, HR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.37–0.83; p = 0.004) and treatment response (responder vs. nonresponder, HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.17–0.53; p < 0.001). Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 59 (28.2%) HCC patients. All AEs were manageable, and deaths related to hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy treatment were not observed.
Conclusions
Our findings support the effectiveness and safety of HAIC‐FOLFOX treatment for patients with advanced HCC who have failed systemic treatment.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin (HAIC‐FOLFOX) showed considerable antitumor effects and low systemic toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after systemic treatment failure. HAIC‐FOLFOX treatment potentially could serve as second‐line therapy for treating HCC patients who failed systemic treatments, even in patients with Child–Pugh B liver function.
The construction of secondary building units (SBUs) in versatile metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represents a promising method for developing multi‐functional materials, especially for improving ...their sensitizing ability. Herein, we developed a dual small molecules auxiliary strategy to construct a high‐nuclear transition‐metal‐based UiO‐architecture Co16‐MOF‐BDC with visible‐light‐absorbing capacity. Remarkably, the N3− molecule in hexadecameric cobalt azide SBU offers novel modification sites to precise bonding of strong visible‐light‐absorbing chromophores via click reaction. The resulting Bodipy@Co16‐MOF‐BDC exhibits extremely high performance for oxidative coupling benzylamine (~100 % yield) via both energy and electron transfer processes, which is much superior to that of Co16‐MOF‐BDC (31.5 %) and Carboxyl @Co16‐MOF‐BDC (37.5 %). Systematic investigations reveal that the advantages of Bodipy@Co16‐MOF‐BDC in dual light‐absorbing channels, robust bonding between Bodipy/Co16 clusters and efficient electron‐hole separation can greatly boost photosynthesis. This work provides an ideal molecular platform for synergy between photosensitizing MOFs and chromophores by constructing high‐nuclear transition‐metal‐based SBUs with surface‐modifiable small molecules.
A dual small molecules auxiliary strategy was proposed to construct the first high‐nuclear transition‐metal‐cluster‐based UiO‐architecture, where the N3− supplies a new modification site to precisely bond strong visible‐light‐absorbing chromophores via click reaction for cooperatively boosting photocatalysis.
Background:
Lenvatinib is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, but prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Recently, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), and immune ...checkpoint inhibitors showed promising results for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering different anti-malignancy mechanisms, combining these three treatments may improve outcomes. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus HAIC versus lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods:
This was a retrospective study including patients treated with lenvatinib 8 mg (⩽60 kg) or 12 mg (>60 kg) once daily or lenvatinib, toripalimab plus HAIC LeToHAIC group, lenvatinib 0–1 week prior to initial HAIC, 240 mg toripalimab 0–1 day prior to every HAIC cycle, and HAIC with FOLFOX regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, leucovorin 400 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil bolus 400 mg/m2 on day 1, and 5-fluorouracil infusion 2400 mg/m2 for 46 h, every 3 weeks). Progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and treatment-related adverse events were compared.
Results:
From February 2019 to August 2019, 157 patients were included in this study: 71 in the LeToHAIC group and 86 in the lenvatinib group. The LeToHAIC group showed longer progression-free survival (11.1 versus 5.1 months, p < 0.001), longer overall survival (not reached versus 11 months, p < 0.001), and a higher objective response rate (RECIST: 59.2% versus 9.3%, p < 0.001; modified RECIST: 67.6% versus 16.3%, p < 0.001) than the lenvatinib group. In addition, 14.1% and 21.1% of patients in the LeToHAIC group achieved complete response of all lesions and complete response of the intrahepatic target lesions per modified RECIST criteria, respectively. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events that were more frequent in the LeToHAIC group than in the lenvatinib group included neutropenia (8.5% versus 1.2%), thrombocytopenia (5.6% versus 0), and nausea (5.6% versus 0).
Conclusions:
Lenvatinib, toripalimab, plus HAIC had acceptable toxic effects and might improve survival compared with lenvatinib alone in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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