Grapevine is extensively grown for fresh table grapes, wine, and other processed products worldwide. DNA methylation levels are regulated by DNA methylation maintenance and DNA methylation removal ...involved in the grapevine growth. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of the ‘Kyoho’ fruit with or without demethylation and screened for a large number of differential genes and metabolites. Color, hardness, and aroma are the most obvious traits reflecting the ripening of grapes. We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to understand the changes in metabolites during ripening. We cloned many key genes selected by transcriptome analysis and found that intron retention was observed in VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvGST. The imbalance of methylation levels affects the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, which makes the translation process abnormal and affects gene expression. In addition, analyzing promoters of some genes, such as proVvGST4 and proVvUFGT, found that the promoters of these genes after demethylating were more difficult to methylate. Taken together, this study will provide new insights into comprehension of the molecular mechanism of methylation during ripening of grape berries. In addition, the study provides some genetic information to help guide our improvement, cultivation, and management of grapes in the future.
Key message
Jasmonate induced FaTPS1 to produce terpene, and overexpression FaTPS1 led to fruit resistant against B. cinerea infection, FaMYC2 induced FaTPS1 by binding to its promoter that ...downstream of jasmonate
.
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives are associated with plant defence responses against pathogenic organisms. In the present study, a total of 10,631 differentially expressed genes, 239 differentially expressed proteins, and 229 differential metabolites were screened and found to be mainly involved in pathogen perception, hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolism. In strawberry fruits, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induced
FaTPS1
expression and quickly increased the terpene content. Furthermore,
FaTPS1
overexpression increased the emission of sesquiterpenes, especially germacrene D, and improved strawberry resistance against
Botrytis cinerea
infection, although the knockdown of
FaTPS1
increased its susceptibility to the same pathogen. Using a yeast one-hybrid assay and transient expression analysis, we demonstrated that
FaMYC2
can bind to the G-box element in the promoter region of
FaTPS1
, thus inducing
FaTPS1
expression. MeJA also stimulated
FaMYC2
expression and regulated downstream signalling cascades. Moreover, we presented a possible model of the new signalling pathway of MeJA-mediated strawberry resistance to
B. cinerea
.
Uncontrollable dendrite growth resulting from the non-uniform lithium ion (Li
+
) flux and volume expansion in lithium metal (Li) negative electrode leads to rapid performance degradation and serious ...safety problems of lithium metal batteries. Although N-containing functional groups in carbon materials are reported to be effective to homogenize the Li
+
flux, the effective interaction distance between lithium ions and N-containing groups should be relatively small (down to nanometer scale) according to the Debye length law. Thus, it is necessary to carefully design the microstructure of N-containing carbon materials to make the most of their roles in regulating the Li
+
flux. In this work, porous carbon nitride microspheres (PCNMs) with abundant nanopores have been synthesized and utilized to fabricate a uniform lithiophilic coating layer having hybrid pores of both the nano- and micrometer scales on the Cu/Li foil. Physically, the three-dimensional (3D) porous framework is favorable for absorbing volume changes and guiding Li growth. Chemically, this coating layer can render a suitable interaction distance to effectively homogenize the Li
+
flux and contribute to establishing a robust and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with Li-F, Li-N, and Li-O-rich contents based on the Debye length law. Such a physical-chemical synergic regulation strategy using PCNMs can lead to dendrite-free Li plating, resulting in a low nucleation overpotential and stable Li plating/stripping cycling performance in both the Li‖Cu and the Li‖Li symmetric cells. Meanwhile, a full cell using the PCNM coated Li foil negative electrode and a LiFePO
4
positive electrode has delivered a high capacity retention of ∼ 80% after more than 200 cycles at 1 C and achieved a remarkable rate capability. The pouch cell fabricated by pairing the PCNM coated Li foil negative electrode with a NCM 811 positive electrode has retained ∼ 73% of the initial capacity after 150 cycles at 0.2 C.
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant, rapidly developing group of diseases with poor biological behavior. Most patients have extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) when they are first ...diagnosed. Standard chemotherapy is prone to relapse in a short period of time, and the patients' median overall survival (OS) can reach only 13 months when chemotherapy is given in combination with PD-L1 inhibitors. To date, no studies have verified the efficacy and safety of the composite treatment of ES-SCLC with penpulimab and anlotinib despite some recognized data and advantages related to this regimen. Penpulimab, a novel PD-1 inhibitor with an IgG1 subtype, has a structural modification of the Fc segment which can prevent the immune cells from being phagocytosed or killed and can steadily avoid tumor immune escape. This case report describes a 71-year-old man who had ES-SCLC for 7 years which progressed after receiving standard systemic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. The third-line treatment of four cycles of anlotinib and carilizumab was discontinued because of grade 2 immune-related pneumonia despite the efficacy being evaluated as stable disease. After maintaining 22 months of progression-free survival, the patient relapsed and switched to a safer regimen of penpulimab combined with anlotinib to continue the treatment for four cycles. Partial response evaluation was confirmed twice, and the patient remained in good general condition. The combination of penpulimab and anlotinib can positively regulate the therapeutic effect by simultaneously acting on the tumor microenvironment and promoting blood vessel normalization. In general, this case provides support for the successful possibility of a rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the better clinical efficacy of cross-line therapy with anlotinib, and the drug safety of penpulimab, suggesting a beneficial therapy for the clinical treatment of ES-SCLC.
Purposes Taking Taiyuan City as the subject research area, this work tries to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 59 modern industrial heritage ...sites in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Methods Scale analysis, mathematical analysis and GIS spatial analysis methods were used. Conclusions The results indicate that: ①During the time of “First Five-Year Plan” and “Second Five-Year Plan” after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, Taiyuan City had the largest number of new industrial heritages, and the industrial categories were mainly concentrated in manufacturing, military industry, and mining. ②In terms of spatial distribution, Taiyuan’s the modern industrial heritage has a feature of aggregation, showing the distribution model of “a district and a belt”, which are the Xinghualing District Assembly Area and Gathering Belt along the Fenhe River in the Wanbailin District-Jinyuan District respectively. ③In terms of spatial distribution evolution, before the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, the industrial heritages of the city of Taiyuan were concentrated in the area to the east of the Fenhe River and to the north of the old city of Taiyuan; After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, the area expanded to the northern suburbs of the city and to the region west of the Fenhe River. ④In terms of influencing factors, the industrial heritage distribution is affected by nature, transportation, population, history, politics, and other factors, mainly distributed in low-lying, low-slope plains, and along the railway, and is correlated with regional in-migration rate, population density, and level of regional urbanization. Thus, combined with the “Life Show Belt” policy of Taiyuan City, the construction concept of Taiyuan Modern Industrial Heritage Group is proposed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and reuse of Taiyuan City’s industrial heritages, and provide references for the transformation and renovation of the old urban areas.
Grape buds and leaves are directly associated with the physiology and metabolic activities of the plant, which is monitored by epigenetic modifications induced by environment and endogenous factors. ...Methylation is one of the epigenetic regulators that could be involved in DNA levels and affect gene expression in response to stimuli. Therefore, changes of gene expression profile in leaves and bud through inhibitors of DNA methylation provide a deep understanding of epigenetic effects in regulatory networks.
In this study, we carried out a transcriptome analysis of 'Kyoho' buds and leaves under 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) exposure and screened a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG annotations showed that they are mainly involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Functional enrichment analysis also provided a holistic perspective on the transcriptome profile when 5-azaC bound to methyltransferase and induced demethylation. Enrichment analysis of transcription factors (TFs) also showed that the MYB, C2H2, and bHLH families are involved in the regulation of responsive genes under epigenetic changes. Furthermore, hormone-related genes have also undergone significant changes, especially gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes that responded to bud germination. We also used protein-protein interaction network to determine hub proteins in response to demethylation.
These findings provide new insights into the establishment of molecular regulatory networks according to how methylation as an epigenetic modification alters transcriptome patterns in bud and leaves of grape.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract This work introduces a silent speech interface (SSI), proposing a few-layer graphene (FLG) strain sensing mechanism based on thorough cracks and AI-based self-adaptation capabilities that ...overcome the limitations of state-of-the-art technologies by simultaneously achieving high accuracy, high computational efficiency, and fast decoding speed while maintaining excellent user comfort. We demonstrate its application in a biocompatible textile-integrated ultrasensitive strain sensor embedded into a smart choker, which conforms to the user’s throat. Thanks to the structure of ordered through cracks in the graphene-coated textile, the proposed strain gauge achieves a gauge factor of 317 with <5% strain, corresponding to a 420% improvement over existing textile strain sensors fabricated by printing and coating technologies reported to date. Its high sensitivity allows it to capture subtle throat movements, simplifying signal processing and enabling the use of a computationally efficient neural network. The resulting neural network, based on a one-dimensional convolutional model, reduces computational load by 90% while maintaining a remarkable 95.25% accuracy in speech decoding. The synergy in sensor design and neural network optimization offers a promising solution for practical, wearable SSI systems, paving the way for seamless, natural silent communication in diverse settings.
Technologies fusing WiFi-based indoor positioning and pedestrian dead reckoning for indoor target localization have already been proposed for a variety of occasions. Among them, the methods of ...multisource fusion with particle filter perform well in a random noise environment. However, the positioning accuracy can be significantly affected by the personnel density of the interest area. In this paper, we propose a novel indoor collaborative positioning system which performs dynamic user pairing and adaptive particle-pair filtering with the help of the Chirp acoustic signal distance measurement. The proposed scheme mainly includes two parts in each time slot: first, the users are clustered into cells for dynamic user-pairing, and then the adaptive particle-pair filter iterates the comprehensive weight to obtain the final positioning result. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme can effectively solve the problem of the error increase caused by the intensive personnel, and remarkably improve the indoor positioning accuracy in the crowded public.
•A simple way to realize dendrite-free Li deposition on Cu substrate is developed through high current density activation.•Uniform and dense Li seeds layer decreases the barrier for Li ...electrodeposition.•LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface is generated by the high current density.•Remarkable improvement in cycling stability of Li metal pouch cells is realized.
The electrodeposition of lithium on heterogeneous substrates is often loose and uneven owing to the lithiophobic nature of most substrates, which causes deterioration of cell performance and ultimately cell failure. In this paper, a simple high current density induced uniform nucleation of Li on Cu substrate is presented to solve this problem. The as-obtained Li seeds with small and uniform size fully cover the surface of Cu, which is conducive to dense and even electrodeposition of Li afterwards. The LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface generated by the high current density on the Li seeds also helps to inhibit the formation of dendritic lithium. The pouch cell employing this strategy demonstrates remarkable improvement in cycling stability.
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