Introduction Representations in working memory can affect distractor suppression in human visual search, and this process is modulated by a separate top-down cognitive control. An increasing body of ...research has demonstrated that patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have deficits in cognitive control over filtering interference by perceptual distractors. However, their ability to resist proactive interference from working memory has received comparatively less attention. Methods Here, we investigate this issue by employing a working memory/visual search dual-task paradigm. An intervening gap-location search task was instructed to be performed while participants memorized a written color word, with congruent auditory information present during the memory encoding phase on half of the trials. Results Results showed that there was a reliable response time (RT) advantage when the meaning of the memory sample agreed with the color of one of the distractors under the visual alone condition. However, such a result was only found in the control group. More importantly, both groups exhibited comparable facilitation under the audiovisual condition, with the facilitation effect appearing later in the SUD group. Furthermore, the facilitation effect was superior in magnitude and time course under the audiovisual condition to the visual alone condition. Discussion These findings highlight how patients with SUD resist distractor interference at the memory level and extend our understanding of how working memory, selective attention, and audiovisual enhancement interact to optimize perceptual decisions in patients with SUD.
This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of root canal filling and repair paste (nRoot BP) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
The effects of nRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus on the ...adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of hDPSCs were examined in vitro for 72 hours. The adhesion of cells was observed using immunofluorescence rhodamine ghost pen cyclic peptide staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell density and changes in migration area were measured under a fluorescence inverted microscope. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was performed to detect genes related to odontogenesis and osteogenesis.
Cells adhering to the surfaces of nRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus exhibited similar irregular polygonal morphologies, with cells extending irregular pseudopods to adhere to the materials. CCK-8 results indicated that the density of living cells for nRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus was lower than that of the blank control group at 3 and 5 days of culture. There was no significant difference in cell migration between the groups (P > .05). The migration ability of iRoot BP Plus and nRoot BP was similar to that of the control group. Both nRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus increased the expression of the RUNX2 gene, but there was no significant difference between the groups (P < .05). Furthermore, both nRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus downregulated the expression of the DSPP gene, with no significant difference between them (P > .05).
nRoot BP exhibited a slight inhibition of hDPSC proliferation but did not affect the adhesion and migration of hDPSCs. The impact of nRoot BP on the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was similar to that of iRoot BP Plus.
Constrained optimization problems (COPs) are common in many fields, and the search algorithm and constraint handling technique play important roles in the constrained evolution algorithms. In this ...article, we propose a new optimization algorithm named CETDE based on ensemble differential evolution (DE) and a two-level epsilon-constrained method. In the ensemble DE variant, some promising parameters and mutation strategies constitute the candidate pool, and each element in the pool coexists throughout the search process and competes to generate new solutions. The two-level epsilon method is proposed by incorporating a generation and a population comparison level to retain more promising solutions without degrading the solution quality. Moreover, a diversity promotion scheme is developed to improve the population distribution when the search becomes trapped in a small region. The superior performance of CETDE is validated by comparison with some state-of-the-art COEAs over two sets of artificial benchmarks and five real-world problems. The competitive results show that CETDE is an effective method for solving COPs.
The objective of this study was to assess the characterization of human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM) using various decellularization methods and their impact on the proliferation and ...differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The goal was to identify scaffold materials that are better suited for pulp regeneration.
Six different decellularization methods were used to generate the amniotic membranes. The characteristics of these scaffolds were examined through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunohistofluorescence staining (IHF). The DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and their capacity for multidirectional differentiation was verified. The third generation (P3) DPSCs, were then combined with HAAM to form the decellularized amniotic scaffold-dental pulp stem cell complex (HAAM-DPSCs complex). Subsequently, the osteogenic capacity of the HAAM-DPSCs complex was evaluated using CCK8 assay, live-dead cell staining, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR).
Out of the assessed decellularization methods, the freeze-thaw + DNase method and the use of ionic detergent (CHAPS) showed minimal changes in structure after decellularization, making it the most effective method. The HAAM-DPSCs complexes produced using this method demonstrated enhanced biological properties, as indicated by CCK8, alizarin red, alkaline phosphatase staining, and RT-PCR.
The HAAM prepared using the freeze-thaw + DNase method and CHAPS methods exhibited improved surface characteristics and significantly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation capacity of DPSCs when applied to them. The findings, therefore demonstrate the capacity for enhanced pulp regeneration therapy.
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is an graphene oxide (GO) derivative of graphene, which has a large specific surface area and exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. In this experiment, ...GO was reduced by PDA to generate PDA-GO complex, and then PDA-GO was combined with Chitosan (CS) to synthesize PDA-GO/CS composite scaffold. PDA-GO was added to CS to improve the degradation rate of CS, and it was hoped that PDA-GO/CS composite scaffolds could be used in bone tissue engineering. Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the different composite scaffolds were examined to find the optimal mass fraction. Besides, we examined the scaffold's biocompatibility by Phalloidin staining and Live and Dead fluorescent staining.Finally, we applied ALP staining, RT-qPCR, and Alizarin red S staining to detect the effect of PDA-GO/CS on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results showed that PDA-GO composite was successfully prepared and PDA-GO/CS composite scaffold was synthesized by combining PDA-GO with CS. Among them, 0.3%PDA-GO/CS scaffolds improves the antibacterial activity and hydrophilicity of CS, while reducing the degradation rate. In vitro, PDA-GO/CS has superior biocompatibility and enhances the early proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In conclusion, PDA-GO/CS is a new scaffold materialsuitable for cell culture and has promising application prospect as scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
Attentional blink (AB) is a phenomenon in which the perception of a second target is impaired when it appears within 200-500 ms after the first target. Sound affects an AB and is accompanied by the ...appearance of an asymmetry during audiovisual integration, but it is not known whether this is related to the tonal representation of sound. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of audiovisual asymmetry on attentional blink and whether the presentation of pitch improves the ability to detect a target during an AB that is accompanied by audiovisual asymmetry. The results showed that as the lag increased, the subject's target recognition improved and the pitch produced further improvements. These improvements exhibited a significant asymmetry across the audiovisual channel. Our findings could contribute to better utilizations of audiovisual integration resources to improve attentional transients and auditory recognition decline, which could be useful in areas such as driving and education.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We build a model that consider the falling antibody levels and vaccination to assess the impact of falling antibody levels and vaccination on the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, and simulate the ...influence of vaccination rates and failure rates on the number of daily new cases in England. We get that the lower the vaccine failure rate, the fewer new cases. Over time, vaccines with low failure rates are more effective in reducing the number of cases than vaccines with high failure rates and the higher the vaccine efficiency and vaccination rate, the lower the epidemic peak. The peak arrival time is related to a boundary value. When the failure rate is less than this boundary value, the peak time will advance with the decrease of failure rate; when the failure rate is greater than this boundary value, the peak time is delayed with the decrease of failure rate. On the basis of improving the effectiveness of vaccines, increasing the vaccination rate has practical significance for controlling the spread of the epidemic.
Age-associated decline in cognition and balance may cause severe ability loss for daily living activities among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between cognition and balance in this ...aging population remains to be explored.
The present study Is exploratory in nature and aimed to examine the relationship between balance (both static and dynamic components) and global cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults through Tai Chi (TC) practice as a research avenue.
A short-term (12 weeks) intervention of TC was conducted among middle-aged and older adults in the community setting. Global cognitive function (using the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA) and balance (i.e., one leg standing test score; Timed Up and Go Test score, TUGT) of all participants were assessed before and after the intervention. Age, body mass index (BMI), sex, and physical fitness variables (Chair Stand Test, CST; the 6-Meter Walk Test, 6MWT) were also collected as confounding factors.
Significant moderator effects of baseline CST on the association between the dichotomized baseline MoCA score and the baseline left leg balance score (
= 0.0247), the baseline right leg balance score (
= 0.0140) and the baseline TUGT score (
= 0.0346) were found. Change score of left score balance (
= 0.0192) and change score of TUGT (
= 0.0162) were found to be significantly associated with change score of cognitive function.
Cognitive function and balance are interrelated in middle-aged and older adults. The association between global cognitive function and balance Is moderated by strength of lower limbs. The change scores of cognitive function and balance introduced by TC training were found to be positively correlated. Future research Is warranted to further confirm the cause-effect relationship of cognitive function and balance and its influencing factors among middle-aged and older adults utilizing intervention studies with larger sample sizes.
In order to verify the applicability of the computer numerical simulation method under complex engineering conditions, and solve the problem that it is difficult to guarantee the normal construction ...of underground projects with a depth of more than 1 km (it is difficult to carry out multiple field attempts under high-depth conditions, and if you simply use ordinary the calculation method, its calculation accuracy is difficult to guarantee). For the construction of complex geological conditions of an underground mine with a depth of 1300 m in the Central Plains of China, based on the finite difference method (FDM) with high calculation accuracy, using FLAC<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{\mathrm {3D}} </tex-math></inline-formula> software based on FDM, and using progressive design method (PDM), design a variety of different schemes and analyze the mechanism of force and deformation of the surrounding rock mass of the project. Apply the obtained optimal scheme in actual engineering, and monitor the actual force and deformation. Comparing the results of the computer numerical simulation with the monitoring results, the results show that the computer numerical simulation method can also have good application in the actual engineering under the geological conditions of ultra-kilometer depth. It also provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for engineering hypothesis under approximate conditions.
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