MicroRNAs have an important role in bone homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanism of microRNA-mediated intercellular communication between bone cells remains elusive. Here, we report that ...osteoclasts secrete microRNA-enriched exosomes, by which miR-214 is transferred into osteoblasts to inhibit their function. In a coculture system, inhibition of exosome formation and secretion prevented miR-214 transportation. Exosomes specifically recognized osteoblasts through the interaction between ephrinA2 and EphA2. In osteoclast-specific miR-214 transgenic mice, exosomes were secreted into the serum, and miR-214 and ephrinA2 levels were elevated. Therefore, these exosomes have an inhibitory role in osteoblast activity. miR-214 and ephrinA2 levels in serum exosomes from osteoporotic patients and mice were upregulated substantially. These exosomes may significantly inhibit osteoblast activity. Inhibition of exosome secretion via Rab27a small interfering RNA prevented ovariectomized-induced osteoblast dysfunction in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that exosome-mediated transfer of microRNA plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblast activity. Circulating miR-214 in exosomes not only represents a biomarker for bone loss but could selectively regulate osteoblast function.
Aim To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of various doses of oral cannabidiol (CBD) in treating refractory epilepsy indications, thus providing more informative evidence for clinical ...decision-making. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science (WoS) was performed to retrieve relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different doses of oral CBD with placebo or each other in refractory epilepsy indications. The search was limited from the inception of each database to January 3, 2023. Relative risk RR with a 95% confidence interval CI was used to express results. STATA/SE 14 was employed for network meta-analysis. Results Six RCTs involving 972 patients were included in the final data analysis. Network meta-analysis showed that, CBD10 (10 mg/kg/day) (RR: 1.77, 95%CI: 1.28 to 2.44), CBD20 (20 mg/kg/day) (RR: 1.91, 95%CI: 1.49 to 2.46), CBD25 (25 mg/kg/day) (RR: 1.61, 95%CI: 0.96 to 2.70), and CBD50 (50 mg/kg/day) (RR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.07 to 2.94) were associated with higher antiseizure efficacy although the pooled result for CBD25 was only close to significant. In addition, in terms of the risk of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), the difference between different doses is not significant. However, CBD20 ranked first in terms of antiseizure efficacy, followed by CBD50, CBD10, and CBD25. For TEAEs, CBD25 ranked first, followed by CBD10, CBD50, CBD5, and CBD20. Conclusion For refractory indications, CBD20 may be optimal option for antiseizure efficacy; however, CBD25 may be best for TEAEs. Therefore, an appropriate dose of oral CBD should be selected based on the actual situation. Due to the limitations of eligible studies and the limited sample size, more studies are needed in the future to validate our findings.
Real-time prediction of excavation-induced displacement of retaining pile during the deep excavation process is crucial for construction safety. This paper proposes a modified back analysis method ...with multi-objective optimization procedure, which enables a real-time prediction of horizontal displacement of retaining pile during construction. As opposed to the traditional stage-by-stage back analysis, time series monitoring data till the current excavation stage are utilized to form a multi-objective function. Then, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is applied for parameter identification. The optimized model parameters are immediately adopted to predict the excavation-induced pile deformation in the continuous construction stages. To achieve efficient parameter optimization and real-time prediction of system behavior, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) is established to substitute the finite element model, which is further implemented together with MOPSO for automatic operation. The proposed approach is applied in the Taihu tunnel excavation project, where the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via the comparisons with the site monitoring data. The method is reliable with a prediction accuracy of more than 90%. Moreover, different optimization algorithms, including non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm II (PESA-II) and MOPSO, are compared, and their influences on the prediction accuracy at different excavation stages are studied. The results show that MOPSO has the best performance for high dimensional optimization task.
Fault localization have proven to be useful in various software during the process of software testing and debugging. The presence of multiple faults simultaneously may deteriorate the effectiveness ...of existing fault-localization techniques. One good solution is to generate fault-focused clusters by the same bug into the same cluster in term of clustering analysis the failed execution traces. We first introduce improved Chameleon cluster analysis to locate multi-fault in parallel under a general framework. In order to make use of execution information, feature select strategy of the program execution trace is proposed. the failed program execution traces are divided into fault-focused clusters by Chameleon cluster analysis according to the likely faults that caused them, and each cluster may contain the same fault. Then, their suspiciousness is calculated after the clusters of failed program execution traces are merged with all successful program execution traces. Finally, multiple faults in the program are located simultaneously in parallel debugging mode by the suspicious ranking generated in each merged cluster. Experiments conducted on four real-world subjects shows that our approach can achieve better performance than the compared ones.
Trisulfide‐Bond Acenes for Organic Batteries Hu, Peng; He, Xuexia; Ng, Man‐Fai ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
September 16, 2019, Letnik:
58, Številka:
38
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The molecular design of organic battery electrodes is a big challenge. Here, we synthesize two metal‐free organosulfur acenes and shed insight into battery properties using first‐principles ...calculations. A new zone‐melting chemical‐vapor‐transport (ZM‐CVT) apparatus was fabricated to provide a simple, solvent‐free, and continuous synthetic protocol, and produce single crystals of tetrathiotetracene (TTT) and hexathiapentacene (HTP) at a large scale. Single crystals of HTP showed better Li‐ion battery performance and higher cycling stability than those of TTT. A two‐step, three‐electron lithiation mechanism instead of the commonly depicted two‐electron mechanism is proposed for the HTP Li‐ion battery. The superior performance of HTP is linked to unique trisulfide bonding scenarios, which are also responsible for the formation of empty channels along the stacking direction. In‐depth theoretical analysis suggests that organosulfur acenes are potential prototypes for organic battery materials with tunable properties, and that the tuning of sulfur bonds is critical in designing these new materials.
Electrifying sulfur: Single crystals of tetrathiotetracene (TTT) and hexathiapentacene (HTP) were synthesized using a zone‐melting chemical‐vapor‐transport method. When applied as organic battery electrodes, HTP shows a superior performance, which is linked to different S–S bonding scenarios compared with TTT. The number of adjacent sulfur atoms affects the character of the S–S bonds, which is critical for the design of novel organic battery materials.
•Polarization-insensitive and absorption-tunable ultra-broadband terahertz metamaterial absorbers are designed.•The average absorptance 95.1% with the bandwidth 1.1 THz in the frequency range ...1.0–3.0 THz can be obtained.•The absorber is insensitive to the polarization angle.•The absorber can be absorption-tunable by changing the ambient temperature.
A polarization-insensitive and absorption-tunable ultra-broadband terahertz metamaterial absorbers based on multiple split resonance rings (SRRs) are designed. The single-layer structure is composed of top metal SRRs, intermediate dielectric layer and bottom metal plate. The mechanism of perfect absorption is explained by analyzing the distribution of electric field and surface current at the resonance points. The ultra-broadband absorption is realized by superposing numerous continuous single-band absorption. By optimizing the structural parameters, the results show that the designed structure can realize ultra-broadband absorption with average absorptance of 95.1% in the frequency range of 1.33 to 2.43 THz, with the bandwidth 1.1 THz. The absorptance of proposed absorber hardly changes under different polarization angles of the incident wave, which shows that the proposed asymmetric structure can also have the characteristics of polarization-insensitive. The absorption-tunable characteristic is obtained by replacing the bottom metal plate with phase change material VO2. By changing the ambient temperature in the range of 338 K to 358 K, in which the VO2 can be changed between the metal phase and the insulated phase, so as to realize the tunability of absorption. The results show that the designed absorbers can be widely used in many fields, such as terahertz switches and temperature sensors.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) has garnered considerable attention due to its diverse applications across various scientific and engineering domains. Although promising machining performance ...enhancements have been achieved in ultra-precision diamond cutting, the brittle–ductile transition (BDT) depth for KDP crystals is essentially at the nanometer range and limits the further improvement of machining efficiency. In this paper, a novel ultra-precision diamond cutting process based on tool trapezoidal modulation is proposed for the first time to investigate the BDT characteristics of KDP crystals. By intentionally designing the tool modulation locus, the uncut chip thickness and cutting direction in the cutting duty cycle are kept constant, which provides a new strategy for probing the BDT mechanism and enhancing the machining performance. The BDT depth is significantly increased compared to the conventional ultra-precision diamond cutting owing to its unique modulation machining advantages. The significance of this paper lies not only in the improvement of the machining efficiency of KDP crystals through the proposed modulation cutting process, but also in the possibility of extending the relevant research methods and conclusions to the machining performance enhancement of other brittle optical crystals.
Polymer aerogels fabricated using conventional methods typically have relatively narrow mono-modal pore size distribution (PSD), and relatively thick and tight pore walls. Herein, inspired by mussel ...glue, cross-linked three-dimensional (3D) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous aerogels (NFAs) with ultrahigh porosity, hierarchical porous structures, and good compression resistance are successfully fabricated via electrospinning, facile polydopamine (PDA) coating and crosslinking by ferric ions (Fe3+) followed by freeze-drying. Morphology characterization and compression tests show that both multiple hydrogen bonding facilitated by the PDA coating and Fe3+-PDA coordination bonding could effectively induce the formation of inter-fiber junctions, enhancing compression resistance of the 3D NFAs and leading to hierarchical porous structures with a very wide PSD. When a thin layer of the optimized 3D NFA with a large specific surface area (85.7 m2 g−1) is combined with a commercial air filter, the composite filter obtained exhibits high filtration efficiencies of 99.72% and 99.85% for airborne particles with sizes of <100 nm and <500 nm, respectively, at a low pressure drop of only 54.1 Pa. The results show that the cross-linked NFAs could act as a highly efficient air filter for ultrafine particles while not increasing the overall pressure-drop significantly, which are due to the good adhesive properties of PDA, electrostatic charge induced by Fe3+, and high porosity and hierarchical porous structures of the 3D NFAs.
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•Electrospun PAN nanofibers are first cross-linked by polydopamine (PDA) and Fe3+.•PDA and Fe3+ facilitate the formation of inter-fiber junctions.•Fe3+-PDA@PAN nanofibrous aerogels are highly porous yet mechanical robust.•The optimized filter shows high efficiency for PM 0.1 and low pressure drop.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in about 5 per 1,000 people and can lead to severe joint damage and disability. However, the knowledge of pathogenesis and treatment for RA remains limited. Here, we ...found that histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 relieved collagen induced arthritis (CIA) symptom in experimental mice model, and the underlying mechanism is related to epigenetic transcriptional regulation in macrophages. The role of epigenetic regulation has been introduced in the process of macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. As a repressive epigenetic marker, tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) was shown to be important for transcriptional gene expression regulation. Here, we comprehensively analyzed H3K27me3 binding promoter and corresponding genes function by RNA sequencing in two differentially polarized macrophage populations. The results revealed that H3K27me3 binds on the promoter regions of multiple critical cytokine genes and suppressed their transcription, such as IL6, specifically in M-CSF derived macrophages but not GM-CSF derived counterparts. Our results may provide a new approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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