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•UASB and HDPE-BD could potently remove antibiotics and resistance genes.•Full-scale anaerobic digestion couldn’t effectively eliminate pathogens.•Bacterial flora, MGEs and BMRG ...profiles jointly structured the antibiotic resistome.•ARG-carrying host mainly belonged to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.•Bacteroides and Mycolicibacter were the ARG-carrying pathogens in digestate.
Anaerobic digesters have been widely used to treat wastewaters in livestock farms. With the increasing risk of antibiotic resistance originated from livestock husbandry, removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via anaerobic digesters deserved more attention. Here we investigated the removal of antibiotics and ARGs in swine wastewater by three on-farm full-scale anaerobic digesters, including buried biogas digester (BBD), up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and high density polyethylene covered biogas digester (HDPE-BD). Variations of antibiotic resistome in swine wastewater were further revealed by metagenomic sequencing. Results showed the removal efficiencies for antibiotics, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) varied in the three digesters, ranging from 65.1% to 98.1%, 3.5%-71.0% and 26.9%-77.2%, respectively. In general, UASB and HDPE-BD showed better removal efficiencies than BBD. However, enrichment of metal resistance genes (MRGs) was noted in UASB. Pathogens could not be effectively removed by all of the three digesters. What’s more, accumulation of pathogens was found in UASB (removal efficiencies: −8.5%-13.6%). Bacterial community succession, horizontal genetic transfer and biocide and metal resistance genes (BMRGs) profiles jointly structured the variation of antibiotic resistome during anaerobic digestion. A total of 334 high-quality bins were identified from swine wastewater, 96 of which belonged to phylum of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria carried ARGs. Proteobacteria was the dominant multi-drug resistant flora. Meanwhile, ARG-carrying pathogens (Bacteroides and Mycolicibacter) were found in the swine wastewater, suggesting a potential threat to human and animal health. The findings from this study showed that HDPE-BD is the most eco-friendly and effective anaerobic digester in controlling risks from antibiotic resistance determinants in swine wastewater.
•Thirty-seven antibiotics were systematically investigated in typical marine aquaculture farms.•Enrofloxacin was widely detected in the feed samples (16.6–31.8ng/g).•ETM-H2O in the adult shrimp ...samples may pose a potential risk to human safety.•TMP was bioaccumulative in fish muscles.•Antibiotics were weakly bioaccumulated in mollusks.
The occurrence, bioaccumulation, and human dietary exposure via seafood consumption of 37 antibiotics in six typical marine aquaculture farms surrounding Hailing Island, South China were investigated in this study. Sulfamethoxazole, salinomycin and trimethoprim were widely detected in the water samples (0.4–36.9ng/L), while oxytetracycline was the predominant antibiotic in the water samples of shrimp larvae pond. Enrofloxacin was widely detected in the feed samples (16.6–31.8ng/g) and erythromycin–H2O was the most frequently detected antibiotic in the sediment samples (0.8–4.8ng/g). Erythromycin–H2O was the dominant antibiotic in the adult Fenneropenaeus penicillatus with concentrations ranging from 2498 to 15,090ng/g. In addition, trimethoprim was found to be bioaccumulative in young Lutjanus russelli with a median bioaccumulation factor of 6488L/kg. Based on daily intake estimation, the erythromycin–H2O in adult F. penicillatus presented a potential risk to human safety.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are regarded as one of the most important sources of antibiotics in the environment. Two sampling campaigns over a period of one year in two wastewater treatment ...plants (plant A: activated sludge with chlorination, and plant B: oxidation ditch with UV) of Guangdong Province, China were carried out to assess the occurrence and fate of 11 classes of 50 antibiotics. The wastewater samples were extracted by Oasis HLB cartridges (6mL, 500mg), while the solid samples (sludge and suspended solid matter) were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction with solvents (acetonitrile and citric acid buffer), followed by an enrichment and clean-up step with solid-phase extraction using SAX-HLB cartridges in tandem. The results showed the presence of 20 and 17 target compounds in the influents and effluents, respectively, at the concentrations ranging from low ng/L to a few μg/L. Sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, anhydro erythromycin and trimethoprim were most frequently detected in the WWTPs wastewaters. Twenty-one antibiotics were found in the sewage sludge from the two WWTPs at the concentrations up to 5800ng/g, with tetracycline, oxytetracycline, norfloxacin and ofloxacin being the predominant antibiotics. The total mass loads of antibiotics per capita in the two plants ranged from 494 to 901μg/d/inhabitant (672±182μg/d/inhabitant) in the influents, from 130 to 238μg/d/inhabitant (175±45μg/d/inhabitant) in the effluents and from 107 to 307μg/d/inhabitant (191±87.9μg/d/inhabitant) in the dewatered sludge, respectively. The aqueous removals for sulfonamides, macrolides, trimethoprim, lincomycin and chloramphenicol in the WWTPs were mainly attributed to the degradation processes, while those for tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were mainly due to the adsorption onto sludge.
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•Twenty and 17 target antibiotics were found in the influents and effluents.•Twenty-one antibiotics (up to 5800ng/g) were found in sewage sludge from two WWTPs.•Mass loads of antibiotics per capita in the two plants were calculated.•Sulfonamides, macrolides, trimethoprim and lincomycin were removed by biodegradation.•Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were mainly adsorbed to the sludge.
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•A pilot BAF system built in a swine farm to treat the piggery wastewater.•Antibiotics could be efficiently removed by the BAF system.•Antibiotic dissipation in the simulated systems ...followed the first order kinetics.•The biodegradation kinetics predicted the fate of antibiotics in the BAF system.•BAF is a promising technology for treating antibiotics-containing wastewaters.
This study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency and mechanism for antibiotics in swine wastewater by a biological aerated filter system (BAF system) in combination with laboratory aerobic and anaerobic incubation experiments. Nine antibiotics including sulfamonomethoxine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, lincomycin, leucomycin and oxytetracycline were detected in the wastewater with concentrations up to 192,000ng/L. The results from this pilot study showed efficient removals (>82%) of the conventional wastewater pollutants (BOD5, COD, TN and NH3-N) and the detected nine antibiotics by the BAF system. Laboratory simulation experiment showed first-order dissipation kinetics for the nine antibiotics in the wastewater under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The biodegradation kinetic parameters successfully predicted the fate of the nine antibiotics in the BAF system. This suggests that biodegradation was the dominant process for antibiotic removal in the BAF system.
The hyperspectral image superresolution (HSI-SR) problem aims to improve the spatial quality of a low spatial resolution HSI by fusing the LR-HSI with the corresponding high spatial resolution ...multispectral image. The generated HSI with high spatial quality, i.e., the target high spatial resolution hyperspectral image (HR-HSI), generally has some fundamental latent properties, e.g., the sparsity, and the piecewise smoothness along with the three modes (i.e., width, height, and spectral mode). However, limited works consider both properties in the HSI-SR problem. In this work, a novel unidirectional total variation (TV) based approach is been proposed. On the one hand, we consider that the target HR-HSI exhibits both the sparsity and the piecewise smoothness on the three modes, and they can be depicted well by the ℓ 1 -norm and TV, respectively. On the other hand, we utilize the classical Tucker decomposition to decompose the target HR-HSI (a three-mode tensor) as a sparse core tensor multiplied by the dictionary matrices along with the three modes. Especially, we impose the ℓ 1 -norm on core tensor to characterize the sparsity and the unidirectional TV on three dictionaries to characterize the piecewise smoothness. The proximal alternating optimization scheme and the alternating direction method of multipliers are used to iteratively solve the proposed model. Experiments on three common datasets illustrate that the proposed approach has better performance than some current state-of-the-art HSI-SR methods. Please find source code from: https://liangjiandeng.github.io/.
Swine feedlots are widely considered as a potential hotspot for promoting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. ARGs could enter the environment via discharge of ...animal wastes, thus resulting in contamination of soil, water, and food. We investigated the dissemination and diversification of 22 ARGs conferring resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, and macrolides as well as the occurrence of 18 corresponding antibiotics from three swine feedlots to the receiving water, soil environments and vegetables. Most ARGs and antibiotics survived the on-farm waste treatment processes in the three swine farms. Elevated diversity of ARGs was observed in the receiving environments including river water and vegetable field soils when compared with respective controls. The variation of ARGs along the vertical soil profiles of vegetable fields indicated enrichment and migration of ARGs. Detection of various ARGs and antibiotic residues in vegetables fertilized by swine wastes could be of great concern to the general public. This research demonstrated the contribution of swine wastes to the occurrence and development of antibiotic resistance determinants in the receiving environments and potential risks to food safety and human health.
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•Various ARGs and antibiotics prevalent in swine manure and wastewaters•Most ARGs and antibiotics survived the on-farm waste treatment systems.•Elevated abundance and diversity of ARGs observed in the rivers and soils•Vegetables irrigated with swine wastewater contained diverse ARGs and antibiotics.•Discharge of wastewater could pose risks to food safety and human health.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by t(15;17)(q22;q21), resulting in a PML-RARA fusion that is the master driver of APL. A few cases that cannot be identified with PML-RARA by using ...conventional methods (karyotype analysis, FISH, and RT-PCR) involve abnormal promyelocytes that are fully in accordance with APL in morphology, cytochemistry, and immunophenotype. To explore the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and recurrence of morphologically diagnosed APL, we performed comprehensive variant analysis by next-generation sequencing in 111 pediatric patients morphologically diagnosed as APL. Structural variant (SV) analysis in 120 DNA samples from both diagnosis and relapse stage identified 95 samples with RARA rearrangement (including 94 with PML-RARA and one with NPM-RARA) and two samples with KMT2A rearrangement. In the eligible 13 RNA samples without any RARA rearrangement at diagnosis, one case each with CPSF6-RARG, NPM1-CCDC28A, and TBC1D15-RAB21 and two cases with a TBL1XR1-RARB fusion were discovered. These uncovered fusion genes strongly suggested their contributions to leukemogenesis as driver alternations and APL phenotype may arise by abnormalities of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily involved in retinoid signaling (RARB or RARG) or even by mechanisms distinct from the formation of aberrant retinoid receptors. Single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis in 77 children (80 samples) with RARA rearrangement showed recurrent alternations of primary APL in FLT3, WT1, USP9X, NRAS, and ARID1A, with a strong potential for involvement in pathogenesis, and WT1 as the only recurrently mutated gene in relapsed APL. WT1, NPM1, NRAS, FLT3, and NSD1 were identified as recurrently mutated in 17 primary samples without RARA rearrangement and WT1, NPM1, TP53, and RARA as recurrently mutated in 9 relapsed samples. The survival of APL with RARA rearrangement is much better than without RARA rearrangement. Thus, patients morphologically diagnosed as APL that cannot be identified as having a RARA rearrangement are more reasonably classified as a subclass of AML other than APL, and individualized treatment should be considered according to the genetic abnormalities.
We investigated the removal efficiencies of 68 selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) spiked in a wastewater matrix by ferrate (Fe(VI)) ...and further evaluated the degradation of these micropollutants present in secondary effluents of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by applying Fe(VI) treatment technology. Fe(VI)treatment resulted in selective oxidation of electron-rich organic moieties of these target compounds, such as phenol, olefin, amine and aniline moieties. But Fe(VI) failed to react with triclocarban, 3 androgens, 7 acidic pharmaceuticals, 2 neutral pharmaceuticals and erythromycin-H2O.Thirty-one target EDCs and PPCPs were detected in the effluents of the two WWTPs with concentrations ranging from 0.2 ± 0.1 ng L−1 to 1156 ± 182 ng L−1.Fe(VI) treatment resulted in further elimination of the detected EDCs and PPCPs during Fe(VI) treatment of the secondary wastewater effluents. The results from this study clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of Fe(VI) treatment as a tertiary treatment technology for a broad spectrum of micropollutants in wastewater.
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► Ferrate(VI) treatment resulted in selective oxidation of electron-rich organic moieties. ► Ferrate(VI) failed to react with triclocarban, 3 androgens, 7 acidic drugs, 3neutral drugs. ► Ferrate(VI) treatment eliminated the detected EDCs and PPCPs in the secondary effluents.
The potential impact of six antibiotics (chlortetracycline, tetracycline and tylosin; sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim) on plant growth and soil quality was studied by using seed ...germination test on filter paper and plant growth test in soil, soil respiration and phosphatase activity tests. The phytotoxic effects varied between the antibiotics and between plant species (sweet oat, rice and cucumber). Rice was most sensitive to sulfamethoxazole with the EC10 value of 0.1
mg/L. The antibiotics tested inhibited soil phosphatase activity during the 22 days' incubation. Significant effects on soil respiration were found for the two sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine) and trimethoprim, whereas little effects were observed for the two tetracyclines and tylosin. The effective concentrations (EC10 values) for soil respiration in the first 2 days were 7
mg/kg for sulfamethoxazole, 13
mg/kg for sulfamethazine and 20
mg/kg for trimethoprim. Antibiotic residues in manure and soils may affect soil microbial and enzyme activities.
Terrestrial ecotoxicological effects of antibiotics are related to their sorption and degradation behavior in soil.
Sparse unmixing is an important technique for analyzing and processing hyperspectral images (HSIs). Simultaneously exploiting spatial correlation and sparsity improves substantially abundance ...estimation accuracy. In this article, we propose to exploit nonlocal spatial information in the HSI for the sparse unmixing problem. Specifically, we first group similar patches in the HSI, and then unmix each group by imposing simultaneous a low-rank constraint and joint sparsity in the corresponding third-order abundance tensor. To this end, we build an unmixing model with a mixed regularization term consisting of the sum of the weighted tensor trace norm and the weighted tensor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\ell _{2,1} </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm of the abundance tensor. The proposed model is solved under the alternating direction method of multipliers framework. We term the developed algorithm as the nonlocal tensor-based sparse unmixing algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated in experiments with both simulated and real hyperspectral data sets.
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