Abstract
Developing high‐performance infrared (IR) radiation materials with desired broadband emissivity, excellent thermal stability, and scalable fabrication processes is highly desirable for ...energy‐saving applications and heat dissipation. However, it remains a grand challenge to concurrently meet these requirements in existing IR radiation materials. Herein, a high‐entropy (HE) approach is employed to advance the IR radiation performance of spinel oxide. This strategy efficiently narrows the bandgap due to the enhanced electron transitions and the introduction of oxygen vacancies (O
v
), variable‐valence behavior, and orbital hybridization. In addition, the lattice distortion effect lowers the symmetry of lattice vibration. Therefore, the resulting HE spinel oxide exhibits near‐blackbody radiation performance, with its emissivity approximately three times higher than that of the binary spinel oxide. Moreover, the entropy‐dominating phase stabilization effect contributes to impressive thermal stability (stable at 1300 °C for 100 h). This makes it suitable for high‐temperature thermal radiation applications, such as energy conservation in industrial high‐temperature furnaces. More importantly, the HE spinel oxide can be readily spray‐coated on various substrates. And the coating on stainless steel reaches an outstanding emissivity of 0.943 in the 0.78−16 µm wavelength range. All these merits render the HE approach competitive for the development of high‐emissivity and thermally stable thermal radiation materials.
SUMMARY
The mitochondrial alternative pathway (AP) represents an important photoprotective mechanism for the chloroplast, but the temperature sensitivity of its photoprotective role is unknown. In ...this study, using the aox1a Arabidopsis mutant, the photoprotective role of the AP was verified under various temperatures, and the mechanism underlying the temperature sensitivity of the AP’s photoprotective role was clarified. It was observed that the photoprotective role of the AP increased with rising temperature but was absent at low temperature. The photoprotective role of the AP was severely reduced under non‐photorespiratory conditions. Disturbance of the AP inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in mitochondria, which may restrain upstream photorespiratory metabolism and aggravate photoinhibition. With rising temperatures, photorespiration accelerated and the restraint of photorespiration caused by disturbance of the AP also increased, determining the temperature sensitivity of the AP’s photoprotective role. We also verified that not only the AP but also the cytochrome pathway in mitochondria contributes to photoprotection by maintaining photorespiration.
Significance Statement
Photoprotection by the mitochondrial alternative pathway (AP) is enhanced at heat but disabled at chilling, which is due to (i) the AP’s contribution to photoprotection through maintaining photorespiration and (ii) acceleration of photorespiration with rising temperatures.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitor monotherapy compared to the standard of care in the first-line setting for recurrent or ...metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials. The clinical outcomes of overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rates, and grade 3 or higher adverse events were analyzed using Stata SE 15 software with a significance level set to 0.05.
We identified four randomized controlled trials (1 nivolumab, 2 pembrolizumab, and 1 durvalumab), including a total of 2474 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed pooled hazard ratios of overall and progression-free survival for programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitor monotherapy of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.91, p < 0.001) and 0.96 (95%CI: 0.84–1.07, p < 0.001) and pooled odds ratios of objective response rates and grade 3 or higher adverse events of 1.04 (95%CI: 0.46–2.37; p = 0.926) and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.22–0.35, p < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that inhibitors for both programmed cell death-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (durvalumab) were associated with significantly longer overall survival (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90, p < 0.001 and HR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.70–1.06, p < 0.001, respectively).
Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitor monotherapy showed more clinical benefit versus the standard of care in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with an acceptable safety profile.
•PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy could benefit patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.•PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy showed more clinical benefit.•Anti-PD1/PD-L1 monotherapy was well tolerated.
Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely distributed pollutant, suppresses photosynthesis in leaves. In previous studies on higher plants, the plants were treated by BPA through irrigation to root. This method ...cannot distinguish whether the BPA directly suppresses photosynthesis in leaves, or indirectly influences photosynthesis through affecting the function of root. Here, only the leaves but not the roots of cucumber were infiltrated with BPA solution. The photosystem II and I (PSII, PSI) were insensitive to BPA under darkness. BPA aggravated the PSII but not the PSI photoinhibition under light. BPA also inhibited CO
assimilation, and the effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibition disappeared when the CO
assimilation was blocked. The H
O
accumulated in BPA-treated leaves under light. And the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition was prevented under low (2%) O
. We also proved that the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition depend on the turnover of D1 protein. In conclusion, this study proved that BPA could directly suppress photosynthesis in leaves, however, BPA does not damage PSII directly, but inhibits CO
assimilation and over-reduces the electron transport chain under light, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species (H
O
), the over-accumulated ROS inhibits the turnover of D1 protein and consequently aggravates PSII photoinhibition.
The benefits of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear.
To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on prevention of ...in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with T2DM after PCI.
All full-text published relevant studies compared the effect of pioglitazone with control group (placebo or no pioglitazone treatment) on ISR in patients with T2DM after PCI were identified by searching the databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ISI Web of Science through October 2015. The endpoints were defined as the rate of ISR, late lumen loss, in-stent neointimal volume, target lesion revascularization (TLR) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Six studies (5 RCTs and 1 retrospective study), comprising 503 patients, were included into this meta-analysis. In the pioglitazone group, as compared with the control group, the risk ratio for ISR was 0.48 (I2 = 14.5%, P = 0.322; 95%CI 0.35 to 0.68, P<0.001), the risk ratio for TLR was 0.58 (I2 = 6.0%, P = 0.363; 95%CI 0.38 to 0.87, P = 0.009). The result showed there was no association between the use of pioglitazone and the events of MACE (I2 = 36.7%, P = 0.209; RR 0.56, 95%CI 0.30 to 1.05, P = 0.071). For the considerable heterogeneity, further analysis was not suitable for the endpoints of late lumen loss (I2 = 81.9%, P<0.001) and neointimal volume (I2 = 75.9%, P = 0.016).
The treatment of pioglitazone was associated with a reduction in ISR and TLR in T2DM patients suffering from PCI, except the incidence of MACE.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background The efficacy of combining use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and sodium bicarbonate (SOB) in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after cardiac catheterization and ...percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear. Methods All relevant studies compared the effect of combining use of NAC and SOB with individual use on CIN in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and PCI were identified by searching the databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science without time and language limitation. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with full-text published were considered. Results Sixteen RCTs involving 4432 cases were included into this meta-analysis. The results showed there were no additional benefit in reduction of CIN in COM group (COM versus NAC: RR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.70 to 1.03, P = 0.103; COM versus SOB: RR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.71 to 1.16, P = 0.449), even in patients with diabetes mellitus (COM versus NAC: RR 1.11, 95 % CI 0.71 to 1.75, P = 0.646; COM versus SOB: RR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.45 to 2.47, P = 0.893), undergoing PCI procedure (COM versus NAC: RR0.76, 95 % CI 0.39 to 1.47, P = 0.411; COM versus SOB: RR0.96, 95 % CI 0.65 to 1.40, P = 0.814), or with baseline renal dysfunction (COM versus NAC: RR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.70 to 1.14, P = 0.366; COM versus SOB: RR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.67 to 1.36, P = 0.788). Conclusions The present study demonstrated combining use of NAC and SOB was not significantly superior to individual use method in the prevention of CIN after cardiac catheterization and PCI.
Abstract
Hydrogen atmosphere pulsating white dwarfs, also known as DAV stars, are the most abundant type of pulsating white dwarfs. High-temperature DAV stars in general exhibit a small number of ...pulsation modes and stable frequencies. G132–12 is one of the pulsating hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf stars which lies close to the blue edge of the instability strip. Previous researches reported that G132–12 might have only one pulsation mode with the period of 212.69 s. To study the pulsation properties of G132–12 in detail, we carried out a bi-site observation campaign in October 2019. Time series photometric data were collected during around 154 h in total. A Fourier analysis reveals three frequencies which are identified as the triplet of an
l
= 1 g-mode pulsation with the period of 212.499 s. The rotational period is derived as
P
rot
= 35.0 ± 6.7 h and the inclination of the rotational axis to the line of sight is 70°. G132–12 could be an ideal target for measuring the cooling scale of this white dwarf star with only one excited pulsation mode detected.
•Plants are intermittently exposed to high intensity light.•Wheat preferentially invested in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in this condition.•This strategy maximizes carbon assimilation under ...intermittent high light conditions.•Photosynthetic acclimation strategies of wheat and wild species were different.
Plants are intermittently exposed to high intensity light; however, it is unknown how the photosynthetic apparatus of cultivated crops, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), acclimatizes to intermittent high light conditions. To address this question, we grew wheat plants under constant high light (800 μmol m−2s−1; 100%H), constant low light (100 μmol m−2s−1; 0%H), 1 day high light followed by 3 days low light (25%H), or 1 day high light followed by 1 day low light (50%H) for 4 weeks. We analyzed seedling growth and the activity and photosensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in leaves. Compared with 0%H plants, there was no difference in photosynthetic electron transfer rate or thylakoid membrane protein levels in 25%H plants, but the Rubisco protein levels and photosynthetic carbon fixing capacity were higher. A higher proportion of exposure to high light (50%H) did not further improve the photosynthetic carbon fixing capacity, but it increased the photosynthetic electron transfer rate and photosynthetic protein levels in thylakoid membranes and enhanced the tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light. Therefore, the acclimation of photosynthesis to intermittent high light exposure depends on the proportion and duration of the high light exposure. Furthermore, during intermittent high light exposure, wheat preferentially invested in photosynthetic carbon assimilation vs the electron transfer reaction and photoprotection. This photosynthetic acclimation strategy maximizes carbon assimilation under intermittent high light conditions.
Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a standard of care for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and weekly and triweekly cisplatin are both alternative regimens based on the ...results of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, there is a lack of direct evidence on the efficacy and safety of weekly versus triweekly cisplatin concurrent with radiotherapy in NPC alone. This meta-analysis aimed to identify which regimen is more superior between weekly and triweekly cisplatin in patients with NPC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible literatures. Clinical outcome measures including 1-year overall survival (OS), 3-year OS, 5-year OS, 5-year loco-regional failure-free survival, 5-year distant metastasis-free survial and the most common 3 grade or higher acute toxicities (hematological toxicity, mucositis and nausea and vomiting) were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 software; significance level was 0.05.
Seven clinical controlled studies with 1795 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between weekly and triweekly cisplatin in 1-year OS, 3-year OS, 5-year OS, 5-year loco-regional failure-free survival, and 5-year distant metastasis-free survial) (all P > .05). Grade 3 or higher mucositis and nausea and vomiting showed similar between the 2 arms. However, grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity of weekly cisplatin was significantly higher than that of triweekly cisplatin (1.55; 95% CI, 1.22-1.98, P = .0004).
Weekly cisplatin resulted in similar survival benifit as triweekly cisplatin, but with higher hematological toxicity.
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