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•Ultralow-cost and sustainable complex coacervate-based adhesive is reported.•Adhesives consist of interpenetrating positively charged TA-PAE complex clusters.•Coacervates overcome ...the challenges of adhesion in harsh underwater environments.•“TAPA-pulp” attraction promotes wet and cohesive strength of coacervate matrix.•Integrated super-high adhesive capability and antibacterial activity is achieved.
Bioinspired underwater adhesives with tough and stable performance are increasingly in demand for biomedical and engineering applications. However, the current methods of synthesizing them usually require sophisticated chemical conjugation or modification and expensive adhesive building blocks. Here, by taking advantage of the catecholic and polyelectrolyte features of mussel foot proteins, we report a facile yet powerful strategy to the development of a strong and cost-effective self-coacervating adhesive based on a coacervation-induced adhesion mechanism. The adhesive comprises a low-cost, commercially available cationic polyelectrolyte—polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE)—that is crosslinked in situ by naturally occurring dendritic molecules of tannic acid (TA). A complex coacervate gel (TAPA) is formed after directly mixing pyrogallol-containing TA with PAE polycation. With the gel matrix serving as a robust adhesive when applied underwater to various substrates owing to its synergistic azetidinium–phenolic electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Compared to previously reported catechol-based adhesives, the polyelectrolyte coacervate gel has a widely tunable underwater adhesive strength (50.8 ± 6.8 to 604.8 ± 9.5 kPa) in wide ranges of pH (3–11) and ionic strength (0–1 M NaCl) and displays reusable adhesiveness (<10 cycles). This adhesive strength increases substantially in basic conditions (pH > 9), which trigger the self-crosslinking of PAE chains. By synergistically combining electrostatic adsorption and macroscopic-scale interactions, the incorporated nanocellulose fillers further contribute to the strong cohesion of coacervate adhesives. The easy-to-prepare TAPA adhesive also has excellent antibacterial activity. This in-situ formation strategy opens an innovative and facile route to mimic the self-coacervation and adhesion stability of biomimetic source, leading to a multifunctional bonding solution for biological/engineering adhesive applications.
Integrated rice-crayfish farming system is a highly efficient artificial ecosystem in which the rice (Oryza sativa) variety 'Jianzhen 2' is cultivated in waterlogged paddy fields along with crayfish ...(Procambarus clarkii). We investigated soil carbon fractions and microbial community structure by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis in a 10-year field experiment using an integrated rice-crayfish (CR) model and a rice monoculture (MR) model at soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm. Compared with the MR model, the CR model had significantly more total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon contents in all of the layers examined and microbial biomass carbon content in the 20-40 cm layer. Principal components analysis revealed that microbial community composition in the CR model differed from that in the MR model in the 20-30 cm layer. Higher proportions of gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria and fungi in the 20-30 cm soil layer were observed for the CR model than the MR model. These results indicate that the CR model increases soil carbon levels, and strongly affects microbial community composition and structure in the deeper layers of soil, thereby accelerating subsurface soil nutrient cycling.
4496Ru+4496Ru and 4096Zr+4096Zr collisions at sNN=200 GeV provide unique opportunities to study the geometry and fluctuations raised from the deformation of the colliding nuclei. Using iEBE-VISHNU ...hybrid model, we predict ac2{3} ratios between these two collision systems and demonstrate that the ratios of ac2{3}, as well as the ratios of the involving flow harmonics and event-plane correlations, are sensitive to quadrupole and octupole deformations, which could provide strong constrains on the shape differences between 96Ru and 96Zr. We also study the nonlinear response coefficients χ4,22, which show insensitivity to the deformation effect.
Cost-effective and eco-friendly biopolymer chitosan has been attracted the rising interest as a promising anion exchange membrane material because it can be easily quaternized without involving the ...carcinogenic chloromethylation step that is inevitable for polyaromatics. Ionic conductivity and mechanical strength are the two main concerns for the high-performance application of quaternized chitosan. Herein, we report hydroxide ion conductor (layered double hydroxide, LDH) coated carbon nanotubes (LDH@CNTs) as a multifunctional nanofiller to modify quaternized chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol blend matrix. The hierarchical nanostructure of LDH@CNTs consisting of two-dimensional LDH nanosheets anchored on one-dimensional carbon nanotubes plays a good reinforcing role. Incorporating 1 wt% of LDH@CNTs shows a 1.57-fold increase in tensile strength. Moreover, owing to the unique one-dimensional structure of carbon nanotubes as well as the excellent hydroxide-conducting ability of LDH coating, the channel-like ion transport pathways can be constructed and thus enhance the ionic conductivity of the composites. The composite membrane with 1 wt% LDH@CNTs loading exhibits conductivity of 47 mS cm−1 (80 °C) and maximum power density of 107.2 mW cm−2 (2 M methanol + 5 M KOH, 80 °C) which are respectively 61% and 27% higher than those of the pure membrane.
•LDH coated CNTs are prepared via a NH4F-assisted in-situ co-precipitation method.•LDH@CNTs are added into QCS/PVA blend matrix to prepare composite membranes.•Resulting membranes have high ionic conductivity, strength and alkaline stability.•The peak power density of 107 mWcm−2 at 80 °C is obtained.
Colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy has played a major role in diagnosing cervical lesions. The precision of colposcopy-guided biopsy has been questioned. We analyzed several factors that may be ...correlated with the accuracy of biopsy.
PubMed, EMBASE were searched from January 1, 1998 to March 1, 2020. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Included studies evaluated factors correlated with the accuracy of biopsy and patients' final diagnosis was established by histological examination of the specimen obtained by conization, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), or colpohysterectomy.
A total of 10 studies were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled analysis indicated that the diagnostic inaccuracies of colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy were magnified in women who were 50 years of age or older. Postmenopausal status and transformation zone 3 type were also associated with the diagnostic inaccuracies of colposcopy-directed biopsy. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions had better concordance rates than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The number of vaginal deliveries, number of biopsies, and HPV type were associated with biopsy underdiagnosis and biopsy overestimation.
This meta-analysis found that the correlation between the histological findings at biopsy and after surgical treatment was influenced by women's age, menopausal status, and the transformation zone type. The diagnostic efficacy was also better for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions than for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Further large-scale randomized clinical trials are required to analyze the factors correlated with biopsy underdiagnosis and biopsy overestimation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As a new class of non-coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in the development and progression of various cancers. However, the detailed functions of circRNAs in cervical cancer ...have seldom been reported. In this study, circRNA sequence was applied to detect the differentially expressed circRNAs between cervical cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The relationships between circCLK3 level with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. In vitro CCK-8, cell count, cell colony, cell wound healing, transwell migration and invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis and lung metastasis models were performed to evaluate the functions of circCLK3. The pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter and rescue assays were employed to clarify the interaction between circCLK3 and miR-320a and the regulation of miR-320a on FoxM1. We found that the level of circCLK3 was remarkably higher in cervical cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and closely associated with tumor differentiation, FIGO stage and depth of stromal invasion. Down-regulated circCLK3 evidently inhibited cell growth and metastasis of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo, while up-regulated circCLK3 significantly promoted cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The pull-down, luciferase reporter and RIP assays demonstrated that circCLK3 directly bound to and sponge miR-320a. MiR-320a suppressed the expression of FoxM1 through directly binding to 3'UTR of FoxM1 mRNA. In addition, FoxM1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer, while miR-320a suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through suppressing FoxM1, and circCLK3 enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion through sponging miR-320a and promoting FoxM1 expression. In summary, circCLK3 may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for disease progression and a promising molecular target for early diagnoses and treatments of cervical cancer.
This study was to explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image reconstruction model based on complex convolutional neural network (CCNN) in the diagnosis and prognosis of ...cerebral infarction. Two image reconstruction methods, frequency domain reconstruction network (FDRN) and image domain reconstruction network (IDRN), were introduced based on the CCNN algorithm. In addition, they were integrated to form two new MRI image reconstruction models, namely D-FDRN and D-IDRN. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) value of the image were compared and analyzed before and after the integration. The MRI images of patients with cerebral infarction in the dataset were undertaken as the data source, the average diffusion coefficient (DCavg) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of different parts of the MRI image were measured, respectively. The correlation of the vein abnormality grading (VABG) to the infarct size and the degree of stenosis of the responsible vessel was analyzed in this study. The results showed that the PSNR and SSIM values of the MRI reconstructed image of the D-IDRN algorithm based on the CCNN algorithm in this study were higher than those of other algorithms. There was a positive correlation between the VABG and the infarct size (r = 0.48 and P = 0.002), and there was a positive correlation between the VABG the degree of stenosis of the responsible vessel (r = 0.58 and P < 0.0001). The ADC value of the central area of the infarct on the affected side was significantly greatly lower than that of the normal side (P < 0.01), and the DCavg value of the central area of the infarct was much lower in contrast to the normal side (P < 0.05). It indicated that an image reconstruction algorithm constructed in this study could improve the quality of MRI images. The ADC value and DCavg value changed in the infarct central area could be used as the basis for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction. If the vein was abnormal, the patient suffered from severe vascular stenosis, large infarction area, and poorer prognosis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage remains the standard staging system for the assessment of endometrial cancer (EC) prognosis. Thus, we aim to identify the ...significant genes or biomarkers associated with the stage of endometrial cancer, which may also help reveal the mechanism of EC progression and assess the prognosis of patients with EC.
We compared the mRNA expression levels of EC patients with stages I and II as well as stages III and IV in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of EC patients at different stages were selected by volcano plot and Venn analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathways were applied to analyze the identified genes. Protein protein interaction (PPI) network was employed to identify the correlation. The survival analyses based on TCGA database were conducted for further screening. The Human Protein Atlas, quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to confirm the differences in expression of DEGs in endometrial cancer samples at different FIGO stages.
CKMT1A was identified as a candidate gene. Through survival analyses, we found that CKMT1A may be a poor prognostic factor in the overall survival of endometrial cancer patients. GO and Pathways revealed that CKMT1A is closely associated with the metabolic process. More importantly, Human Protein Atlas and quantitative PCR confirmed the differences in expression of CKMT1A in endometrial cancer samples at different FIGO stages.
In summary, this study shows that CKMT1A is a newly identified essential tumor progression regulator of endometrial cancer, which may give rise to novel therapeutic strategies in the management of endometrial cancer patients to prolong its prognosis and prevent tumor progression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Highlights • We find miR-146b-5p decreases in glioma tissues and is negatively correlated with MMP16 expression. • We find the loss of chromosome 10q cause miR-146b-5p decreases in glioma tissues. • ...We find miR-146b-5p inhibits the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cell lines via targeting MMP16 mRNA.
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