Non-communicable chronic diseases(NCD)have become the main burden of disease in China, which cause great challenges to public health and social development. Unhealthy diet is one of the main risk ...factors of the occurrence and development of NCD. Based on the latest international understanding of various forms of malnutrition and National Nutrition Survey and Monitoring in China, this paper describes the change trend of low weight, overweight and obesity in different age groups and highlights two classic cases: the diabetes research of Daqing in China and NCD prevention and control project of the North Carolina Project in Finland. The article concludes that dietary nutrition intervention is a cost-effective and sustainable key measure to prevent and control NCD.
A predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. To accurately predict the characteristics of nanoscale CMOS, emerging physical effects, such as process variations and ...correlations among model parameters, must be included. In this paper, a new generation of predictive technology model (PTM) is developed to accomplish this goal. Based on physical models and early-stage silicon data, the PTM of bulk CMOS is successfully generated for 130- to 32-nm technology nodes, with an L eff of as low as 13 nm. The accuracy of PTM predictions is comprehensively verified: The error of I on is below 10% for both n-channel MOS and p-channel MOS. By tuning only ten primary parameters, the PTM can be easily customized to cover a wide range of process uncertainties. Furthermore, the new PTM correctly captures process sensitivities in the nanometer regime, particularly the interactions among L eff , V th , mobility, and saturation velocity. A website has been established for the release of PTM: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~ptm
Supersymmetry (SUSY) helps solve the hierarchy problem in high-energy physics and provides a natural groundwork for unifying gravity with other fundamental interactions. While being one of the most ...promising frameworks for theories beyond the Standard Model, its direct experimental evidence in nature still remains to be discovered. Here we report experimental realization of a supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) model, a reduction of the SUSY quantum field theory for studying its fundamental properties, using a trapped ion quantum simulator. We demonstrate the energy degeneracy caused by SUSY in this model and the spontaneous SUSY breaking. By a partial quantum state tomography of the spin-phonon coupled system, we explicitly measure the supercharge of the degenerate ground states, which are superpositions of the bosonic and the fermionic states. Our work demonstrates the trapped-ion quantum simulator as an economic yet powerful platform to study versatile physics in a single well-controlled system.
DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification is known to be associated with gene transcription and frequently used as a mark to investigate dynamic DNA methylation conversion during mammalian ...development and in human diseases. However, the lack of genome-wide 5hmC profiles in different human tissue types impedes drawing generalized conclusions about how 5hmC is implicated in transcription activity and tissue specificity. To meet this need, we describe the development of a 5hmC tissue map by characterizing the genomic distributions of 5hmC in 19 human tissues derived from ten organ systems. Subsequent sequencing results enabled the identification of genome-wide 5hmC distributions that uniquely separates samples by tissue type. Further comparison of the 5hmC profiles with transcriptomes and histone modifications revealed that 5hmC is preferentially enriched on tissue-specific gene bodies and enhancers. Taken together, the results provide an extensive 5hmC map across diverse human tissue types that suggests a potential role of 5hmC in tissue-specific development; as well as a resource to facilitate future studies of DNA demethylation in pathogenesis and the development of 5hmC as biomarkers.
Phases of N = 2 Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models Heydeman, M.; Turiaci, G. J.; Zhao, W.
The journal of high energy physics,
01/2023, Letnik:
2023, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We study
N
= 2 supersymmetric Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models with com- plex fermions at non-zero background charge. Motivated by multi-charge supersymmetric black holes, we propose a new
N
...= 2 SYK model with multiple
U
(1) symmetries, integer charges, and a non-vanishing supersymmetric index, realizing features not present in known SYK models. In both models, a conformal solution with a super-Schwarzian mode emerges at low temperatures, signalling the appearance of nearly AdS
2
/BPS physics. However, in contrast to complex SYK, the fermion scaling dimension depends on the background charge in the conformal limit. For a critical charge, we find a high to low entropy phase transition in which the conformal solution ceases to be valid. This transition has a simple interpretation– the fermion scaling dimension violates the unitarity bound. We offer some comments on a holographic interpretation for supersymmetric black holes.
Objective
Frailty and poor oral health are both common age-related conditions. However, the association between oral health and frailty has not been explored thoroughly among older Chinese adults. We ...aimed to investigate the associations between number of teeth, denture use, and frailty among older adults in western China.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Community-based.
Participants
Participants were 4037 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study.
Measurements
Frailty was assessed using the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) and categorized as non-frail, prefrail and frail. In addition, number of teeth and denture use were examined by calibrated dentists. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between number of teeth, denture use, and frailty.
Results
The overall prevalence of frailty was 6.7% among 4037 participants aged 60 and older in western China. Participants with no more than 20 teeth were associated with higher odds of being prefrail or frail whether wearing dentures or not. Denture using could not help lower the odds of being prefrail or frail for older adults with fewer teeth.
Conclusions
This study suggested that frailty was associated with having fewer teeth (≤20 teeth) among older Chinese adults. Future research involving targeted interventions addressing number of teeth may help provide information to establish effective strategies for frailty prevention in older adults.
•Investigated energy efficiency of thermal processes for thin heavy oil reservoirs.•Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) not feasible due to high energy loss.•Steam flooding strategies performed ...better than SAGD in terms of energy efficiency.•Hot water flooding achieved best energy usage per unit oil produced performance.
Up to 80% of heavy oil reservoirs in Western Canada are less than 5m thick and as yet the only economic processes are cold production ones which realize recovery factors between 10% and 15%. This implies that >85% of the oil remains in the ground after the process becomes uneconomic to continue operation. At this time, no thermal processes exist that are economic. Here, a reservoir simulation study was conducted to guide the design of thermal recovery processes for a heavy oil reservoir with a thickness of 4m by comparing different operating strategies including Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), steam flooding, hot water flooding, and alternating steam/hot water flooding. A base case of cold production (without sand) was also done for comparison purposes. It was found that the cold production case was not viable with very low recovery factor. Higher recovery factor was achieved by using SAGD strategy but at a poorer thermal efficiency. Steam flooding operations exhibits better performance than SAGD in terms of heat utilization. However, its high heat loss to the over and underburden leads to higher cumulative-energy-injected-to-oil ratio (cEOR). Hot water flooding, however, achieved oil production rates comparable to steam flooding at much lower cEOR. The flood cases are tested at different well separations. However, the results suggest that hot water flooding alone may not be the target process of choice for thin heavy oil reservoirs and solvents may be needed to lower the energy intensity further.
Imaging single fluorescent proteins in living mammalian cells is challenged by out-of-focus fluorescence excitation. To reduce out-of-focus fluorescence we developed reflected light-sheet microscopy ...(RLSM), a fluorescence microscopy method allowing selective plane illumination throughout the nuclei of living mammalian cells. A thin light sheet parallel to the imaging plane and close to the sample surface is generated by reflecting an elliptical laser beam incident from the top by 90° with a small mirror. The thin light sheet allows for an increased signal-to-background ratio superior to that in previous illumination schemes and enables imaging of single fluorescent proteins with up to 100-Hz time resolution. We demonstrated the single-molecule sensitivity of RLSM by measuring the DNA-bound fraction of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and determining the residence times on DNA of various oligomerization states and mutants of GR and estrogen receptor-α (ER), which permitted us to resolve different modes of DNA binding of GR. We demonstrated two-color single-molecule imaging by observing the spatiotemporal colocalization of two different protein pairs. Our single-molecule measurements and statistical analysis revealed dynamic properties of transcription factors.
Summary
Immune tolerance is one of the leading causes of chemotherapy resistance in carcinoma cases. Studies have shown that programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1), an inhibitory molecule expressed ...by cancer cells, plays a significant role in immune tolerance through the induction of T cell dysfunction. The results of our RNA sequencing in previous studies revealed that microRNA‐145 (miR‐145), which is known to be down‐regulated by cisplatin in cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells, also represses gene PD‐L1 expression. However, the mechanism by which miR‐145 contributes to regulate PD‐L1 expression in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer is yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that cisplatin‐mediated miR‐145 down‐regulation increased PD‐L1 expression via targeting the c‐Myc transcription factor, thereby inducing T cell apoptosis in vitro. We also report that expression of miR‐145 is negatively correlated with PD‐L1 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues, malignant grades and the recurrent risks of ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. In summary, our findings suggest that the miR‐145/c‐Myc/PD‐L1 axis contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer and support that miR‐145 might act as an adjuvant therapeutic target in chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.
Cisplatin‐induced PD‐L1 expression in cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells contributes to T lymphocytes dysfunction
The first and higher harmonic components of the resonant fluid response in the gap between two identical fixed rectangular boxes are experimentally investigated in a wave basin. Gap response is ...excited by transient wave groups (being based on scaled versions of the autocorrelation function of sea-state spectra, representing NewWaves, the average shape of large waves in a sea state). Several different wave groups with different maximum surface elevations, spectral peak frequencies and bandwidths are used, while the bilge shape of the boxes and approach angle of the waves are also varied. Unlike a simple regular wave, it is complicated to separate the harmonic components for a transient wave group due to nonlinear wave–wave and wave–structure interactions. A four-phase combination methodology is used to separate the first four harmonic components, and this also allows higher harmonic components to be isolated with simple digital frequency filtering. Harmonic components up to 14th order in the incident wave amplitude have been extracted. It is shown that for an incident group with appropriate frequency content, the linear gap response may be substantially smaller than the second harmonic component, which is strongly driven via quadratic coupling of the linear terms from the incident wave and occurs in the gap resonant modes. Double frequency excitation may have important practical implications for offshore operations. Fourth and zeroth (long-wave) harmonics in the gap are further driven via quadratic coupling of the second harmonic itself. Linear damping coefficients for the first few modes of the gap resonant response are derived from measured time series using a numerical fit and shown to be higher than those from linear diffraction calculations.
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