The prevalence of distributed energy resources encourages the concept of an electricity "Prosumer (Producer and Consumer)". This paper proposes a distributed electricity trading system to facilitate ...the peer-to-peer electricity sharing among prosumers. The proposed system includes two layers. In the first layer, a multi-agent system is designed to support the prosumer network, and an agent coalition mechanism is proposed to enable the prosumers to form coalitions and negotiate electricity trading. In the second layer, a Blockchain based transaction settlement mechanism is proposed to enable the trusted and secure settlement of electricity trading transactions formed in the first layer. Simulations are conducted based on the java agent development environment to validate the proposed electricity trading process.
This paper investigates two novel control strategies that enable system inertia supports by permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines during transient events. The first strategy ...seeks to provide inertia support to the system through simultaneous utilization of dc-link capacitor energy, and wind turbine (WT) rotor kinetic energy (KE). The second strategy supports system inertia through orderly exerting dc-link capacitor energy of WT and then WT rotor KE via a cascading control scheme. Both strategies can effectively provide system inertia support by fully utilizing WT's own potentials, while the second strategy distinguishes itself by minimizing its impacts on wind energy harvesting. Case studies of one synchronous generator connected with a PMSG-based WT considering sudden load variations have been studied to validate and compare the two proposed strategies on providing rapid inertia response for the system.
Over the centuries, infectious diseases caused by viruses have seriously threatened human health globally. Viruses are responsible not only for acute infections but also many chronic infectious ...diseases. To prevent diseases caused by viruses, the discovery of effective antiviral drugs, in addition to vaccine development, is important. Green tea catechins (GTCs) are polyphenolic compounds from the leaves of
. In recent decades, GTCs have been reported to provide various health benefits against numerous diseases. Studies have shown that GTCs, especially epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have antiviral effects against diverse viruses. The aim of this review is to summarize the developments regarding the antiviral activities of GTCs, to discuss the mechanisms underlying these effects and to offer suggestions for future research directions and perspectives on the antiviral effects of EGCG.
This paper proposes a novel framework for home energy management (HEM) based on reinforcement learning in achieving efficient home-based demand response (DR). The concerned hour-ahead energy ...consumption scheduling problem is duly formulated as a finite Markov decision process (FMDP) with discrete time steps. To tackle this problem, a data-driven method based on neural network (NN) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{Q} </tex-math></inline-formula>-learning algorithm is developed, which achieves superior performance on cost-effective schedules for HEM system. Specifically, real data of electricity price and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation are timely processed for uncertainty prediction by extreme learning machine (ELM) in the rolling time windows. The scheduling decisions of the household appliances and electric vehicles (EVs) can be subsequently obtained through the newly developed framework, of which the objective is dual, i.e., to minimize the electricity bill as well as the DR induced dissatisfaction. Simulations are performed on a residential house level with multiple home appliances, an EV and several PV panels. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven based HEM framework.
AbstractAcrylate rubber molecules contain sterically hindered and highly polar ester groups, which can generate a large amount of internal friction energy under external alternating stress and ...exhibit high internal friction for energy dissipation. Based on previous studies on the formulation of acrylate viscoelastic materials, the optimal formulation was prepared and made into acrylate viscoelastic dampers and the mechanical properties of the corresponding damper specimens were tested. The acrylate viscoelastic dampers at different ambient temperatures, excitation frequencies, and displacement amplitudes were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicate an excellent damping capacity of the acrylate viscoelastic dampers, where the dynamic properties are affected by the ambient temperature and excitation frequency, and the single-loop energy dissipation capacity is significantly affected by the displacement amplitude. To accurately represent the effects of the temperature, frequency, and amplitude on the dynamic properties of the damper, a modified fractional-derivative equivalent model is introduced, where the internal variable theory and temperature-frequency equivalent principle are introduced to reflect the amplitude effect and temperature effect, respectively. Finally, the results calculated by the proposed model were compared with the experimental data, which verified the correctness of the mathematical model.
In this paper, we propose a novel transactive energy trading (TET) framework to deal with the economic issues in energy trading and the technical issues in distribution system operation in a holistic ...manner. In particular, we innovatively integrate a bilateral energy trading mechanism with the optimal power flow (OPF) technique to increase economic benefits to individual participants, and meanwhile ensure the reliability and security of the system operation. In order to resolve the inherent conflict of interests, Nash bargaining theory is used to model the TET problem, which is further decomposed into a multiperiod OPF problem and a payment bargaining problem. Moreover, we develop an efficient distributed algorithm for solving the TET problem base on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Instead of directly solving optimization subproblems like most ADMM-based distributed algorithms, we derive closed-form solutions to all subproblems to significantly improve the computational efficiency. Finally, numerical tests on the IEEE 37-bus and 123-bus distribution systems demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework and the efficiency of our distributed algorithm.
Surface strain and linear thermodynamic‐kinetic relation are interesting topics in catalysis. Development of low temperature methanol catalysts of high activity and selectivity is of particularly ...importance for conversion of CO2 to methanol. In the present paper CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Znx@TiO2(110) (x=0–2) was explored using density functional calculations and microkinetic simulations. The reaction mechanisms on the three model systems were determined and it is shown that Zn2@TiO2(110) is the most active. The most favorable pathway on Zn2@TiO2(110) is identified and CO2+H to HCOO is found to be the rate‐controlling step. It is demonstrated that there is a linear relation (named AEB relation) between the adsorption energies of the initial states and the barriers for the controlling step on the 18 systems studied. Calculations on strained surfaces show that the AEB relation exists within ±1 % strain. Sr2@TiO2(110) and −1 % strained CaZn and ZnCu doped TiO2(110) are potential good low temperature catalysts and deserve experimental testing.
Mechanism of CO2 to CH3OH and the selectivity on 17 metal doped TiO2(110) were determined with DFT & microkinetics; strain effect on kinetics & selectivity was studied; a new scaling relation is found; low temperature CH3OH catalysts were suggested.
A reliable and low‐cost solution‐processing procedure to synthesize a highly adhesive flexible metal antenna with low resistivity for radio‐frequency identification device (RFID) tags on paper ...substrates via inkjet printing combined with surface modification and electroless deposition (ELD) is demonstrated in this paper. Through the surface modification of colloidal solution of hydrolyzed stannous chloride and chitosan solution, the paper‐based substrate is able to reduce the penetration rate of ink and further increase the adsorption amount of silver ions, which could create a catalytic activating layer to catalyze the subsequent ELD of a conductive deposited metal antenna. The resulting metal antenna for RFID tags presents good adhesive strength and low resistivity of 2.58 × 10−8 Ω·m after 40 min of ELD, and maintains a reliable reading range of RFID tags even after over 1000 times of bending and mechanical stress. Consequently, the developed technology proposed allows for cheap, efficient, and massive production of metal antenna for paper‐based RFID tags with excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Furthermore, this process is especially advantageous for the fabrication of next‐generation flexible electronic devices based on paper substrates.
A novel and efficient solution‐processing procedure combined with inkjet printing, surface modification, and electroless deposition is proposed for the fabrication of an outstanding flexible radio‐frequency identification device (RFID) tag metal antenna on a paper‐based substrate without high temperature or sophisticated manufacturing equipment. This method is a low‐cost and portable fabrication route for RFID antennas, which is promising for large‐scale commercial manufacturing.
This paper studies the development of renewable energy in China by examining the driving force of environment quality, regulation and employment on renewable energy generation. We adopt renewable ...energy as a metric for environment quality, and test the relationship between renewable energy and income using Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) theories. The impact of employment on renewable energy is tested, and dummy variables are used to indicate when the regulation was in effect. The results show that there exists a quadratic relationship between renewable energy and income. But the results fail to provide that the renewable energy generation is a job creator when the lagged unemployment rate is included as an explaining variable. We consider the employment population, and the finding shows that the employment can promote the development of renewable energy. The regulation has significantly positive impacts on renewable energy. The interaction of income and employment show that along with the income increases, the impacts of employment on renewable energy decrease. Our findings are helpful for government to figure out the determinants for rising the renewable energy generation, and take efficient measures to promote its development.
A novel efficient probabilistic forecasting approach is proposed to accurately quantify the variability and uncertainty of the power production from photovoltaic (PV) systems. Distinguished from most ...existing models, a linear programming-based prediction interval construction model for PV power generation is established based on an extreme learning machine and quantile regression, featuring high reliability and computational efficiency. The proposed approach is validated through the numerical studies on PV data from Denmark.
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