Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great promise in molecular separations owing to their robust, ordered and tunable porous network structures. Currently, the pore size of COFs is usually much ...larger than most small molecules. Meanwhile, the weak interlamellar interaction between COF nanosheets impedes the preparation of defect-free membranes. Herein, we report a series of COF membranes through a mixed-dimensional assembly of 2D COF nanosheets and 1D cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The pore size of 0.45-1.0 nm is acquired from the sheltering effect of CNFs, rendering membranes precise molecular sieving ability, besides the multiple interactions between COFs and CNFs elevate membrane stability. Accordingly, the membranes exhibit a flux of 8.53 kg m
h
with a separation factor of 3876 for n-butanol dehydration, and high permeance of 42.8 L m
h
bar
with a rejection of 96.8% for Na
SO
removal. Our mixed-dimensional design may inspire the fabrication and application of COF membranes.
The importance of singlet oxygen (
O
) in the environmental and biomedical fields has motivated research for effective
O
production. Electrocatalytic processes hold great potential for ...highly-automated and scalable
O
synthesis, but they are energy- and chemical-intensive. Herein, we present a Janus electrocatalytic membrane realizing ultra-efficient
O
production (6.9 mmol per m
of permeate) and very low energy consumption (13.3 Wh per m
of permeate) via a fast, flow-through electro-filtration process without the addition of chemical precursors. We confirm that a superoxide-mediated chain reaction, initiated by electrocatalytic oxygen reduction on the cathodic membrane side and subsequently terminated by H
O
oxidation on the anodic membrane side, is crucial for
O
generation. We further demonstrate that the high
O
production efficiency is mainly attributable to the enhanced mass and charge transfer imparted by nano- and micro-confinement effects within the porous membrane structure. Our findings highlight a new electro-filtration strategy and an innovative reactive membrane design for synthesizing
O
for a broad range of potential applications including environmental remediation.
The ability to accurately identify and isolate cells is the cornerstone of precise disease diagnosis and therapies. A single-step cell identification method based on logic analysis of multiple ...surface markers will have unique advantages because of its accuracy and efficacy. Herein, using multiple DNA aptamers for cancer biomarker recognition and associative toehold activation for signal integration and amplification as two molecular keys, we have successfully operated a cell-surface device that can perform AND Boolean logic analysis of multiple biomarkers and precisely label the target cell subtype in large populations of similar cells via the presence or absence of different biomarkers. Our approach can achieve single-step cancer cell identification and isolation with excellent sensitivity and accuracy and thus will have broad applications in biological science, biomedical engineering, and personalized medicine.
Early and precise cancer diagnosis substantially improves patient survival. Recent work has revealed that the levels of multiple microRNAs in serum are informative as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ...cancers. Here, we designed a DNA molecular computation platform for the analysis of miRNA profiles in clinical serum samples. A computational classifier is first trained in silico using miRNA profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas. This is followed by a computationally powerful but simple molecular implementation scheme using DNA, as well as an effective in situ amplification and transformation method for miRNA enrichment in serum without perturbing the original variety and quantity information. We successfully achieved rapid and accurate cancer diagnosis using clinical serum samples from 22 healthy people (8) and people with lung cancer (14) with an accuracy of 86.4%. We envision that this DNA computational platform will inspire more clinical applications towards inexpensive, non-invasive and rapid disease screening, classification and progress monitoring.
Oily water of high salinity and temperature causes challenges to eco-environment. Instead of being considered as only pollutants treated by integrated membrane system, oily water was also considered ...and utilized as driving-energy resource for the system in this work. This paper proposed and studied integrated UF-FO-MD system for not only treatment of oily water but also utilization of its high salinity and temperature (i.e., osmotic and thermal energies). 50kDa ceramic membrane was selected for oily water treatment because of high oil recovery rate, low flux decline rate and great reduction of downstream FO-MD fouling, and corresponding membrane fouling mechanism was proposed. After UF, oily water was simultaneously used as FO draw (sewage as FO feed) and MD feed to utilize its osmotic and thermal energies for FO-MD running. Oil content largely influenced FO-MD fouling, while temperature and salt content had little influence. Three scenarios of dynamic mass-transfer process and temperature-salt content equilibrium curve for FO-MD were proposed, which provide guidance for oily water utilization to control mass-transfer process. UF-FO-MD system efficiently treated both oily water and sewage, and recovered high-quality water by utilization of oily water energies at low-energy cost. Oily water after treatment and utilization met reinjection standard. This work helps for oil-field wastewater treatment and utilization to realize water recovery, energy utilization and pollution reduction.
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•Integrated membrane system of UF, FO and MD treated and utilized oily water.•FO-MD subsystem simultaneously utilized osmosis and thermal energies of oily water.•Temperature-salt content equilibrium curve of FO-MD guided for oily water usage.•Three scenarios of dynamic mass transfer process of FO-MD were proposed.•Integrated system recover water from oily water and sewage by using oily water energies.
The general silhouette‐based gait recognition methods usually rely on binary human silhouette, which is easily affected by external factors, making it unsuitable for situations while wearing heavy ...clothes or carrying objects, etc. In this study, a new skeleton‐based gait recognition model is proposed. The model first extracts the spatial and temporal features of gait using the space and time relationship between body joints, and second, it eliminates redundant features by decomposing the feature map, to achieve a better recognition accuracy in the presence of external factors. Through abundant experiments on two common datasets, CASIA‐B and OUMVLP‐Pose, the proposed model has been proved to have higher recognition accuracy and remarkable robustness.
As a non-verbal biometric method that can be perceived emotion at a distance, gait has broad applications in affective computing. To perceive emotions from gaits, existing methods usually use ...velocity, acceleration and area to describe human affective features, which often fail to learn the features of body pose and lose representativeness comprehensively. In this paper, we design the fine-grained affective features based on prior knowledge and present a novel perspective to treat the fine-grained affective features of the gait as the fusion of spatial-temporal features. Following this perspective, we use the ST-GCN to build the pose features and utilize the CNN to learn the affective features. By integrating, we proposed the Affective-Pose Gait network, which fusion the pose and affective feature to analyze the emotions in gaits. The experimental results on the Emotion-Gait dataset prove that Affective-Pose Gait achieves 85.2% in terms of accuracy and outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Six novel mycoviruses that collectively represent the mycovirome of
anastomosis group (AG)-3 PT strain ZJ-2H, which causes potato black scurf, were identified through metatranscriptome sequencing and ...putatively designated as Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 4 RsFV4, positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 5 (RsFV5, +ssRNA), Rhizoctonia solani mitovirus 40 (RsMV40, +ssRNA), Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 10 RsPV10, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 11 (RsPV11, dsRNA), and Rhizoctonia solani RNA virus 11 (RsRV11, dsRNA). Whole genome sequences of RsFV4, RsMV40, RsPV10, RsPV11, and RsRV11, as well as a partial genome sequence of RsFV5, were obtained. The 3'- and 5'- untranslated regions of the five mycoviruses with complete genome sequences were folded into stable stem-loop or panhandle secondary structures. RsFV4 and RsFV5 are most closely related to Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 1 (RsFV1), however, the first open reading frame (ORF) of RsFV4 and RsFV5 encode a hypothetical protein that differs from the first ORF of RsFV1, which encodes a helicase. We confirmed that RsPV10 and RsPV11 assemble into the spherical virus particles (approximately 30 nm in diameter) that were extracted from strain ZJ-2H. This is the first report that +ssRNA and dsRNA viruses co-infect a single strain of
AG-3 PT.
Acute exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes vacuolar degeneration in buffalo rat liver 3 A (BRL 3 A) cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between Cd-induced microtubule damage and ...intracellular vacuolar degeneration. Western blotting results showed that Cd damaged the microtubule network and downregulated the expression of microtubule-associated proteins—kinesin-1 heavy chain (KIF5B), γ-tubulin, and acetylated α-tubulin in BRL 3 A cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Cd inhibited interactions between α-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) as well as KIF5B. Increasing Cd concentrations decreased the levels of the lipid kinase, PIKfyve, which regulates the activity of endosome-lysosome fission. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed vacuole-like organelles that were late endosomes and lysosomes. The PIKfyve inhibitor, YM201636, and the microtubule depolymerizer, nocodazole, aggravated Cd-induced endosome-lysosome enlargement. Knocking down the kif5b gene that encodes KIF5B intensified the enlargement of endosome-lysosomes and expression of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), Ras-related protein Rab-7a (RAB7), and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2). Nocodazole, YM201636, and the knockdown of kif5b blocked autophagic flux. We concluded that Cd-induced damage to the microtubule network is the main reason for endosome-lysosome enlargement and autophagic flux blockage in BRL 3 A cells, and kinesin-1 plays a critical role in this process.
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•Cd damages microtubules and decreases microtubule-associated protein levels.•Cd downregulates PIKfyve kinase levels and induces hepatocyte vacuolation.•Hepatocyte vacuolation is due to endosome-lysosome enlargement.•Kinesin-1 is involved in hepatocyte vacuolation and blocking autophagic flux.
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