A plug-and-play surface plasmon resonance (SPR) dual-parameter optical fiber biosensor is reported, in which Au film was firstly coated on the fiber surface for exciting SPR and the end half of the ...Au film was modified with Au nanoparticles to generate double SPR resonance valleys. For simultaneous detecting of glucose and cholesterol concentrations, modified P-mercaptophenylboronic acid (PMBA) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were subsequently coated on the surface of sensor probe. Due to the cis-diol structure of glucose, it can interact with PMBA, leading to a red shift of one SPR resonant valley, whose maximum wavelength shift is 11.228 nm in the range of 0–1.7 mM glucose concentration. On the same time, the cholesterol molecules can realize the host-guest combination with β-CD, leading to a red shift of another SPR resonant valley, and the maximum wavelength shift is 18.893 nm in the cholesterol concentration range of 0–300 nM. The detection limits of the sensor to glucose and cholesterol are 0.00078 mM and 0.012 nM, respectively. The enhances the practical value of the dual-parameter sensor. Both theory and experiment results verify the feasibility of the “plug-and-play” sensor to measure the dual biomass of glucose and cholesterol with ultra-low detection limit and good selectivity. The proposed method provides a huge research value for the optical fiber sensor in multi-parameter measurement.
•A highly-sensitive and reflective optical fiber SPR biosensor was proposed for dual-parameter measurement.•Glucose and cholesterol concentrations could be simultaneously measured by one sensor.•Au nanoparticles were coated on the sensor to adjust the resonant wavelength and enhance the sensor sensitivity.•The cross-sensitivity between glucose and cholesterol could be neglected by selecting PMBA and β-CD as sensitive materials.•The sensor has an ultra-low detection limit and excellent selectivity for detecting low concentrations of glucose and cholesterol.
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•Overview of obstructive lung diseases and the unmet demands for effective drug delivery.•Comparison description of lung barriers in normal and disease conditions.•Key factors ...affecting pulmonary particle delivery efficiency.•Rational particle design strategies for obstructive lung diseases therapy.
Pulmonary delivery of active drugs has been applied for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, for several decades and has achieved progress in symptom management by bronchodilator inhalation. However, substantial progress in anti-inflammation, prevention of airway remodeling and disease progression is limited, since the majority of the formulation strategies focus only on particle deposition, which is insufficient for pulmonary delivery of the drugs. The lack of knowledge on lung absorption barriers in obstructive lung diseases and on pathogenesis impedes the development of functional formulations by rational design. In this review, we describe the physiological structure and biological functions of the barriers in various regions of the lung, review the pathogenesis and functional changes of barriers in obstructive lung diseases, and examine the interaction of these barriers with particles to influence drug delivery efficiency. Subsequently, we review rational particle design for overcoming lung barriers based on excipients selection, particle size and surface properties, release properties and targeting ability. Additionally, useful particle fabrication strategies and commonly used drug carriers for pulmonary delivery in obstructive lung diseases are proposed in this article.
Studies of gene rearrangements and the consequent oncogenic fusion proteins have laid the foundation for targeted cancer therapy. To identify oncogenic fusions associated with glioma progression, we ...catalogued fusion transcripts by RNA-seq of 272 gliomas. Fusion transcripts were more frequently found in high-grade gliomas, in the classical subtype of gliomas, and in gliomas treated with radiation/temozolomide. Sixty-seven in-frame fusion transcripts were identified, including three recurrent fusion transcripts: FGFR3-TACC3, RNF213-SLC26A11, and PTPRZ1-MET (ZM). Interestingly, the ZM fusion was found only in grade III astrocytomas (1/13; 7.7%) or secondary GBMs (sGBMs, 3/20; 15.0%). In an independent cohort of sGBMs, the ZM fusion was found in three of 20 (15%) specimens. Genomic analysis revealed that the fusion arose from translocation events involving introns 3 or 8 of PTPRZ and intron 1 of MET. ZM fusion transcripts were found in GBMs irrespective of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status. sGBMs harboring ZM fusion showed higher expression of genes required for PIK3CA signaling and lowered expression of genes that suppressed RB1 or TP53 function. Expression of the ZM fusion was mutually exclusive with EGFR overexpression in sGBMs. Exogenous expression of the ZM fusion in the U87MG glioblastoma line enhanced cell migration and invasion. Clinically, patients afflicted with ZM fusion harboring glioblastomas survived poorly relative to those afflicted with non-ZM-harboring sGBMs (P < 0.001). Our study profiles the shifting RNA landscape of gliomas during progression and reveled ZM as a novel, recurrent fusion transcript in sGBMs.
Wearable electronics based on conductive hydrogels (CHs) easily suffer from prolonged response times, reduced wearing comfort, shortened service lives, and impaired signal accuracy in cold ...environments, because conventional CHs tend to freeze at subzero temperatures and lose their flexibility, adhesion, transparency, and conductivity, which will limit their applications in extreme environments. Inspired by the way psychrotolerant creatures and superabsorbent materials interfere with the hydrogen bonding networks of water, a freeze‐resistant conductive organohydrogel (COH) is facilely fabricated. The synergy effect between charged polar terminal groups and a binary solvent system of water–ethylene glycol weakens the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and endows the COH with remarkable freezing tolerance (−78 °C). Additionally, the obtained COH is ultra‐stretchable (≈6185%), tough (9.2 MJ m−3), highly transparent (≈99%), self‐adhesive (10.2–27.8 kPa), and biocompatible. This versatile COH is assembled into a strain sensor and a well‐designed bracelet electrocardiogram sensor. Benefiting from the exceptional low‐temperature tolerance of the prepared COH, these devices exhibit fast response with delay‐free signals even at −40 °C. Overall, this work proposes a strategy to develop multifunctional COHs for supporting human health in cold environments.
A freeze‐tolerant conductive organohydrogel is fabricated by in situ forming charged polar terminal groups and a water–ethylene glycol binary solvent system. The prepared organohydrogel is ultra‐stretchable (≈6185%), tough (9.2 MJ m−3), highly transparent (≈99%), freeze‐tolerant (−78 °C), self‐adhesive (10.2–27.8 kPa) and biocompatible. It is applied to low‐temperature adaptive wearable devices with delay‐free signals even at −40 °C.
A magnetic biochar sulfonic acid was prepared and characterized by fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder x-ray diffraction technology, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron ...microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. The prepared catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for synthesis of spiro-pyrazolo3,4-
b
pyridine derivatives via one-pot three-component reaction of 1
H
-pyrazol-5-amine, isatin and 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile. The catalyst could be readily recovered and reused several times without an obvious decay of catalytic performance.
•The regular sized channel has a poor cooling effect at the leading edge of the blade.•Cooling effect for the micro channel is obviously better than regular sized channel.•Film cooling can ...effectively reduce the leading edge temperature as blowing ratio is more than 1.9.
In this paper, two kinds of internal liquid kerosene and one film cooling channels are designed for a static blade of turbine engine. The cooling efficiency is studied through numerical and experimental approaches. Two internal liquid cooling channels include a regular-sized(di = 4 mm) and a micro-channel(di = 0.8 mm). Regular sized cooling structure is three U-shaped channels. Higher heat transfer coefficient is observed in the area near the inner wall before the elbow and near the outer wall after the elbow. The regular sized channel cannot be designed approaching the leading edge of the blade due to the larger channel diameter. It will lead to poor cooling efficiency at the leading edge. The micro channel cooling structure can be mounted closer to the leading edge because of its smaller diameter. It covers a wide area and can be evenly arranged on the pressure and suction surfaces of the blade. For the film cooling structure, it shows that the film cooling method can effectively reduce the leading edge temperature when the blowing ratio is greater than 1.3. The optimal blowing ratio for this blade is about 2.5. Experiments are carried out under high temperature conditions (1000 K). Experiment results show that the micro channel cooling structure can reduce the blade temperature by more than 230 K, and the error between simulation and experiment is less than ± 10 %.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome are highly prevalent respiratory conditions. Their coexistence is referred to as the overlap syndrome. They are ...both related to pulmonary hypertension (PH) development. This study investigated the effects of OSA on PH in patients with COPD and the associated factors.
Consecutive patients with stable COPD were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study from September 2016 to May 2018 at Peking University Third Hospital. In total, 106 patients with COPD were enrolled and performed home portable monitoring and echocardiography. OSA was defined by an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥10 events/h. Based on OSA absence or presence, patients were divided into the COPD with OSA and COPD without OSA groups. Factors affecting pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and PH were identified using univariate analysis and logistic regression models.
In the 106 patients with COPD, the mean age was 69.52 years, 91.5% were men, and the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) percentage of predicted was 56.15%. Fifty-six (52.8%) patients with COPD were diagnosed with OSA, and 24 (22.6%) patients with COPD were diagnosed as PH. Compared with COPD without OSA group, the median PAP in COPD with severe OSA group increased by 5 mmHg (36.00 26.00-50.00 mmHg vs. 31.00 24.00-34.00 mmHg, P = 0.036). COPD with percent of night-time spent with oxygen saturation below 90% (T90) > 10% group had higher PAP than COPD with T90 ≤ 1% group (36.00 29.00-50.00) mmHg vs. 29.00 25.50-34.00 mmHg, F = 7.889, P = 0.007). Univariate analysis revealed age, FEV1% predicted, T90, and Charlson index had statistically significant effects on PH. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant and independent effect of both FEV1% predicted (odds ratio OR = 3.46; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.15-10.46; P = 0.028) and AHI (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.09-19.35; P = 0.034) on PH.
Patients with COPD with OSA are more susceptible to PH, which is associated with declining lung function and increased severity of OSA. Thus, nocturnal hypoxemia and OSA in elderly patients with COPD should be identified and treated.
Previous clinical studies have reported that furosemide can be used to treat liver cirrhosis (LC) effectively. However, no study systematically explored this issue. This systematic review aims to ...investigate the efficacy and safety of furosemide for treatment of LC.
This study will be conducted through searching the following literature sources from their inception to February 28, 2019 without any language limitations: PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. In addition, reference lists of relevant reviews and websites of clinical trial registry will also be searched. Only randomized controlled trials of furosemide for treatment of LC will be included in this study. Two reviewers will independently select studies, collect data, and determine risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software will be used to pool the data and to conduct meta-analysis if sufficient studies will be included with acceptable heterogeneity.
This study will investigate the efficacy and safety of furosemide for LC by the assessment of primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome includes mortality rate. The secondary outcomes consist of response rate, overall survival, body weight, urinary volume, quality of life, as measured by any relevant scales, and adverse events.
The results of this study may provide summarized evidence of furosemide for the treatment of LC.
No individual patient data will be used in this study, thus no ethics approval is needed. The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
This study aims to assess the effect of Balint training (BT) in gastroenterology intern nurse practitioners (GINP) systematically.
This study will search EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ...Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to the September 30, 2019 with no language limitation. In addition, we will also search grey records, such as conference abstracts and dissertations. Study quality will be checked using Cochran risk of bias tool. Statistical analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
This study will systematically evaluate the effect of BT in GINP and will provide evidence to judge whether BT is effective for GINP clinically.
The results of this study may provide helpful evidence of BT in GINP in the clinical training.
Introdction
Previous studies have argued that people tend to isolate themselves from negative information. This tendency is modulated by the individual's role in social interaction, that is, as an ...initiative actor (e.g., “I hit Tom”) or a passive recipient (e.g., “Paul hits me”). Depressed patients tend to focus on negative aspects of themselves and cope with situations passively. It is still an open question how the actor/recipient role affects the behavioral and neural responses to self in depression.
Methods
The present study adopted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to investigate behavioral and neural responses to self (as an actor/recipient) in depressed patients and the matched healthy controls when attributing negative events.
Results
Compared with healthy controls, depressed patients showed more self‐attribution for negative events. Depressed patients showed increased brain activity in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) subsystem of the default mode network (DMN) when they played recipient role in self‐related negative events. Activity of the dmPFC subsystem was negatively correlated with depressed patients’ self‐attribution for negative events in recipient condition. While decreased brain activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem was observed in depressed patients when they played the actor or recipient role in self‐related negative events. Activity of the MTL subsystem was negatively correlated with depressed patients’ reaction time when they played recipient role in selfrelated negative events.
Conclusion
These results implicated that depressed patients manifested the negative self‐view. Actor/recipient role affected their activation patterns in the DMN which were different from the healthy controls. The correlation between the abnormal brain activations of the DMN and the behavioral performances might manifest more easily when depressed patients played recipient role in negative events.
Depressed patients showed more self‐attribution for negative events than healthy controls.
Depressed patients showed increased brain activity in the dmPFC subsystem and decreased brain activity in the MTL subsystem of the default mode network (DMN).
Brian activity of the DMN was negatively correlated with depressed patients' level of self‐attribution or reaction time when “self” was the passive recipient of the negative events.
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