Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent type of malignant tumor worldwide. GC metastasis results in the majority of clinical treatment failures. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are identified to exhibit crucial roles in ...GC. Our current study aimed to explore the biological roles of miR‐505 in GC progression. It was observed that miR‐505 was robustly decreased in GC cells compared with human normal gastric epithelial GES‐1 cells. Overexpression of miR‐505 was able to repress GC progression in AGS and BGC‐823 cells. In addition, high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a crucial oncogene in several cancer types. By carrying out bioinformatics analysis, HMGB1 was predicted as a direct target of miR‐505. Meanwhile, HMGB1 was found to be significantly increased in GC cells and it was confirmed in our study that miR‐505 can directly target HMGB1 in vitro. miR‐505 mimics can inhibit HMGB1 messenger RNA and protein expression dramatically. Subsequently, knockdown of HMGB1 can inhibit GC cell proliferation, colony formation, and induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, HMGB1 silence suppressed GC cell migration and invasion greatly in vitro. Finally, it was validated that miR‐505 can inhibit GC progression by targeting HMGB1 in vivo. Taken these together, it was indicated that miR‐505/HMGB1 axis was involved in the development of GC. miR‐505 can serve as a potential prognostic indicator in GC therapy.
This is the first report on the biological roles of miR‐505 in gastric cancer (GC) development. The tumor suppressive role of miR‐505 was validated both in vitro and in vivo. miR‐505/high‐mobility group box 1 axis participated in GC progression and miR‐505 can be indicated as a novel GC biomarker.
Photocatalytic organic reactions, harvesting solar energy to produce high value-added organic chemicals, have attracted increasing attention as a sustainable approach to address the global energy ...crisis and environmental issues. Reticular framework materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are widely considered as promising candidates for photocatalysis owing to their high crystallinity, tailorable pore environment and extensive structural diversity. Although the design and synthesis of MOFs and COFs have been intensively developed in the last 20 years, their applications in photocatalytic organic transformations are still in the preliminary stage, making their systematic summary necessary. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and useful guidelines for the exploration of suitable MOF and COF photocatalysts towards appropriate photocatalytic organic reactions. The commonly used reactions are categorized to facilitate the identification of suitable reaction types. From a practical viewpoint, the fundamentals of experimental design, including active species, performance evaluation and external reaction conditions, are discussed in detail for easy experimentation. Furthermore, the latest advances in photocatalytic organic reactions of MOFs and COFs, including their composites, are comprehensively summarized according to the actual active sites, together with the discussion of their structure-property relationship. We believe that this study will be helpful for researchers to design novel reticular framework photocatalysts for various organic synthetic applications.
Photocatalytic organic reactions, harvesting solar energy to produce high value-added organic chemicals, have attracted increasing attention as a sustainable approach to address the global energy crisis and environmental issues.
Polymer self‐assembly in solution prior to film fabrication makes solution‐state structures critical for their solid‐state packing and optoelectronic properties. However, unraveling the ...solution‐state supramolecular structures is challenging, not to mention establishing a clear relationship between the solution‐state structure and the charge‐transport properties in field‐effect transistors. Here, for the first time, it is revealed that the thin‐film morphology of a conjugated polymer inherits the features of its solution‐state supramolecular structures. A “solution‐state supramolecular structure control” strategy is proposed to increase the electron mobility of a benzodifurandione‐based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)‐based polymer. It is shown that the solution‐state structures of the BDOPV‐based conjugated polymer can be tuned such that it forms a 1D rod‐like structure in good solvent and a 2D lamellar structure in poor solvent. By tuning the solution‐state structure, films with high crystallinity and good interdomain connectivity are obtained. The electron mobility significantly increases from the original value of 1.8 to 3.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. This work demonstrates that “solution‐state supramolecular structure” control is critical for understanding and optimization of the thin‐film morphology and charge‐transport properties of conjugated polymers.
A supramolecular self‐assembly strategy is used to control the solution‐state structure of a conjugated polymer. It is revealed that the thin‐film morphology of the conjugated polymer inherits the features of their solution‐state supramolecular structures. Through “solution‐state supramolecular structure control”, the electron mobility of the polymer is boosted to 3.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, nearly doubling the original performance.
Wafer‐scale fabrication of high‐performance uniform organic electronic materials is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Previous large‐scale fabrication methods always lead to ...different layer thickness and thereby poor film and device uniformity. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer‐scale, uniform, and high‐performance n‐type polymer monolayer films is reported, enabled by controlling the multi‐level self‐assembly process of conjugated polymers in solution. Since the self‐assembly process happened in solution, the uniform 2D polymer monolayers can be facilely deposited on various substrates, and theoretically without size limitations. Polymer monolayer transistors exhibit high electron mobilities of up to 1.88 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is among the highest in n‐type monolayer organic transistors. This method allows to easily fabricate n‐type conjugated polymers with wafer‐scale, high uniformity, low contact resistance, and excellent transistor performance (better than the traditional spin‐coating method). This work provides an effective strategy to prepare large‐scale and uniform 2D polymer monolayers, which could enable the application of conjugated polymers for wafer‐scale sophisticated electronics.
Using a multi‐level self‐assembly strategy, an n‐type polymer monolayer field‐effect transistor is obtained on wafer‐scale. These devices offers high performance, high air‐stability, and high uniformity. The strategy enhances the formation of wafer‐scale and uniform polymer monolayers. Transistor arrays on a 4 in. wafer exhibit electron mobilities of up to 1.88 cm2 V−1 s−1, among the highest reported until now for n‐type monolayer organic transistors.
Development of special organic materials that are able to absorb light energy in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) is significantly important for treating deep-tissue-buried diseases or ...supplying power to implantable electronic devices. Herein, a narrow bandgap donor–acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymer with thiophene-fused benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (TBDOPV) as acceptor part and 2,2′-bithiophene (DT) as donor part was developed and exploited as a photothermal conversion material with high extinction coefficient and robust photostability in the NIR-II window. According to transient absorption analysis results, the photothermal conversion ability of this polymer is attributed to the fast internal conversion (IC) process. The high photothermal conversion efficiency makes this polymer a promising NIR-II adsorbing antenna to remotely actuate thermo-dependent devices, e.g., high-performance photothermal–electrical and photothermal–mechanical converters.
In recent years, the effective enhancement of information communication effect through governmental social media in has emerged as a universally concerned issue on government governance within the ...social media era. As Generation Z represents the primary and frequent users of social media, understanding the factors influencing their behaviors regarding information seeking and avoidance on governmental social media platforms is essential (in China, the principal governmental social media platform is government microblogging). Employing the grounded theory methodology, 31 participants of Chinese Generation Z were recruited for the present study, and data were collected using an in-depth interview. The results showed that the factors influencing the information-seeking behavior of Generation Z towards government microblogging mainly include heuristic seeking factors (personal preference, emotional value, and following hot topics), systematic seeking factors (task demand and expert recommendation), and defensive seeking factors (defending stance, authority seeking, and impression management). The factors influencing the information avoidance behavior of Generation Z towards government microblogging mainly include heuristic avoidance factors (clickbait titles, content layout, excessive length, and high redundancy), systematic avoidance factors (selective ignorance and terminological density), and resource-limited avoidance factors (demand scarcity, time scarcity, and vitality scarcity). This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the government microblogging information behavior of Generation Z. Implications for government microblogging governance, strategy recommendations, and indicates directions for future research are discussed.
This paper combines the knowledge related to the Knowledge Graph to store and manage the ideological knowledge in the schema layer in the form of an ontology repository. The Bootstrapping-based ...extraction method has been improved for entity relationship extraction at the data layer, and semantically constrained relationships have been added to reduce the problem of extraction bias. Civics education’s characteristic attributes are identified through attribute extraction using crowdsourcing. For the entity alignment problem in entity extraction, the relationship triad and attribute triad are jointly used for entity vector characterization, and the entity alignment model based on BERT and TransE is proposed. Finally, in the process of testing knowledge mapping, more than 70% of college students were satisfied, and the percentage of college students agreeing and strongly agreeing in the dimensions of knowledge construction were 68.81%, 77.92%, and 75.63%, respectively. In the six dimensions of positive psychological quality of college students who have used knowledge mapping, there is a significant increase in the data of the courage dimension from 3.4 to 4.14, and the other dimensions have also increased. The performance of the knowledge graph constructed in this paper for civic information education is outstanding.
As a preprocessing step, hyperspectral image (HSI) restoration plays a critical role in many subsequent applications. Recently, based on the framework of subspace representation and low-rank ...matrix/tensor factorization (LRMF/LRTF), many single-factor-regularized methods add various regularizations on the spatial factor to characterize its spatial prior knowledge. However, these methods neglect the common characteristics among different bands and the spectral continuity of HSIs. To tackle this issue, this article establishes a bridge between the factor-based regularization and the HSI priors and proposes a double-factor-regularized LRTF model for HSI mixed noise removal. The proposed model employs LRTF to characterize the spectral global low rankness, introduces a weighted group sparsity constraint on the spatial difference images (SpatDIs) of the spatial factor to promote the group sparsity in the SpatDIs of HSIs, and suggests a continuity constraint on the spectral factor to promote the spectral continuity of HSIs. Moreover, we develop a proximal alternating minimization-based algorithm to solve the proposed model. Extensive experiments conducted on the simulated and real HSIs demonstrate that the proposed method has superior performance on mixed noise removal compared with the state-of-the-art methods based on subspace representation, noise modeling, and LRMF/LRTF.
Considering that CO2 reduction is mostly a multielectron reaction, it is necessary for the photocatalysts to integrate multiple catalytic sites and cooperate synergistically to achieve efficient ...photocatalytic CO2 reduction to various products, such as C2 hydrocarbons. Herein, through crystal engineering, we designed and constructed a metal–organic framework‐derived Zr/Ti bimetallic oxide solid solution support, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. After anchoring Au nanoparticles, the composite photocatalyst exhibited excellent performances toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas (H2 and CO production rates of 271.6 and 260.6 μmol g−1 h−1) and even C2 hydrocarbons (C2H4 and C2H6 production rates of 6.80 and 4.05 μmol g−1 h−1). According to the control experiments and theoretical calculations, the strong interaction between bimetallic oxide solid solution support and Au nanoparticles was found to be beneficial for binding intermediates and reducing CO2 reduction, highlighting the synergy effect of the catalytic system with multiple active sites.
Through crystal engineering and MOF derivation, the Zr/Ti bimetallic oxide solid solution anchored with Au nanoparticles can be elaborately designed and synthesized to integrate multiple active sites, achieving photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas and eventually C2 hydrocarbons under simulated solar light irradiation.
Shape‐morphing hydrogels have emerging applications in biomedical devices, soft robotics, and so on. However, successful applications require a combination of excellent mechanical properties and fast ...responding speed, which are usually a trade‐off in hydrogel‐based devices. Here, a facile approach to fabricate 3D gel constructs by extrusion‐based printing of tough physical hydrogels, which show programmable deformations with high response speed and large output force, is described. Highly viscoelastic poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (P(AAc‐co‐AAm)) and poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (P(AAc‐co‐NIPAm)) solutions or their mixtures are printed into 3D constructs by using multiple nozzles, which are then transferred into FeCl3 solution to gel the structures by forming robust carboxyl–Fe3+ coordination complexes. The printed gel fibers containing poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) segment exhibit considerable volume contraction in concentrated saline solution, whereas the P(AAc‐co‐AAm) ones do not contract. The mismatch in responsiveness of the gel fibers affords the integrated 3D gel constructs the shape‐morphing ability. Because of the small diameter of gel fibers, the printed gel structures deform and recover with a fast speed. A four‐armed gripper is designed to clamp plastic balls with considerable holding force, as large as 115 times the weight of the gripper. This strategy should be applicable to other tough hydrogels and broaden their applications.
3D constructs of responsive and nonresponsive tough physical hydrogels are fabricated by extrusion‐based multi‐nozzle printing. The mismatch in responsiveness of the gel fibers and the gradient structural cues provide a shape‐morphing ability, which shows programmable deformations with high response speed and large output force. This strategy should be applicable to other hydrogels as soft actuators and biomedical devices.
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