Nonpolar solvent separation is widely used in petroleum, chemical, food industries, but traditional separation methods consume intensive energy. State‐of‐art organic solvent nanofiltration membranes ...require complex modifications for nonpolar solvent transport. For the first time, we propose the concurrent modification of the surface, interface and support layer of dual‐layer membranes with three additives (perfluorodecylamine, fluoro substituted aromatic amine, silica nanoparticles) in a one‐step cocasting process. A delamination‐free dual‐layer membrane was obtained with a hierarchical hydrophobicity and transport channels. The novel designed structure elevated the pure n‐hexane permeance (28.75 L m−2 hr−1 bar−1) by 3 orders of magnitude with a high lecithin rejection (98.7%). This method of synergistically controlling the hierarchical structures and properties of dual‐layer membranes can significantly shorten the preparation process of high‐performance nonpolar solvent nanofiltration membranes.
A hierarchical core-shell heterostructure comprised of vertical and intercrossing ultrathin NiMn-LDHs nanosheets shell and slightly curly and tops tangled CuO nanowires core shows promising ...electrochemical storage properties.
Display omitted
•A hierarchical NiMn-LDH@CuO/CF core-shell heterostructure was successfully prepared.•The hybrid comprises of vertical NiMn-LDHs shell and tops tangled CuO nanowires core.•The NiMn-LDH@CuO/CF electrode exhibits high capacitance of 6077 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2.•The blue LED indicator can be lit up eight minutes by three ASCs connected in series.
Supercapacitors are attracting tremendous research interest because they are expected to achieve battery-level energy density while having long calendar life and short charging time. Ultrathin layered double hydroxide nanosheets (LDHs) are promising candidates as electrode materials for energy storage. Herein, we have successfully designed and synthesized a hierarchical NiMn-LDH@CuO/CF core-shell heterostructure which comprises a vertical and intercrossing ultrathin NiMn-LDHs nanosheets shell and a slightly curly and tops tangled CuO nanowires core. The synthesized NiMn-LDH@CuO/CF electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance of 6077 mF cm−2 (2430.8 F g−1) at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 (0.8 A g−1), which is significant higher than those of CF, Cu(OH)2/CF, CuO/CF, NiMn-LDH/CF and NiMn-LDH electrodes. Moreover, a superior cycling stability of 89.22% retention after 8000 cycles at a high current density of 50 mA cm−2 is observed and a low internal resistance Rs (0.584 Ω) can be achieved. Furthermore, an all solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device based on the as-synthesized hierarchical NiMn-LDH@CuO/CF core-shell heterostructure hybrid material as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode is successfully fabricated and exhibits an energy density of 10.8 W h kg−1 at a power density of 100 W kg−1. Additionally, a LED indicator can be lit up for eight minutes when three ASCs are connected in series. The excellent electrochemical performances can be credited to the significant enhancement of the specific surface area, charge transport and mechanical stability resulted from the ultrathin LDH shell, the highly conductive CuO nanowires core-shell nanostructure. This strategy for the fabrication of hierarchical core-shell heterostructure could have enormous potential for applications in high performance energy storage devices.
•Two polysaccharides were obtained from the mycelium and fruiting bodies.•The structural features of polysaccharides were investigated and compared.•They had a backbone of (1→4)-linked ...α-d-glucopyranosyl residues.
The structural properties of polysaccharides, respectively, obtained from the fermented mycelium and cultivated fruiting bodies of the Cordyceps militaris were investigated and compared in this paper. First, the crude polysaccharides were extracted from the mycelium and the fruiting bodies, respectively. The polysaccharides were successively purified by Sevag and chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column to produce two polysaccharides fractions termed CMPS-II and CBPS-II, respectively. The average molecular weights of CMPS-II and CBPS-II were 1.402×103kDa and 1.273×103kDa, respectively, and they were mainly composed of mannose, glucose and galactose in the mole ratios of 1:28.63:1.41 and 1:12.41:0.74, respectively, for CMPS-II and CBPS-II. Afterward, the structural features of CMPS-II and CBPS-II were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis, such as FT-IR, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, GC–MS, NMR and methylation analysis. The results indicated that structurally, both CMPS-II and CBPS-II were 1,3-branched-galactomannoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). Congo-red test revealed that CMPS-II and CBPS-II existed as triple-helical chains in 0.05–0.15M NaOH solution.
A wideband cup dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with a monopole-like mode is presented. A new coil feeding structure is used, creating an equivalent magnetic current loop above the ground plane, ...exciting the CDRA <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\textrm {TM}_{01 \delta } </tex-math></inline-formula> mode and an equivalent electric dipole at the adjacent frequency band. Thus, a broad bandwidth is achieved from two adjacent resonances. A CDRA with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.25\lambda _{0} </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.23\lambda _{0} </tex-math></inline-formula> height (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda _{0} </tex-math></inline-formula> is the center frequency free-space wavelength) is fabricated and measured. About 29% of −10 dB matching bandwidth (2.98-4.00 GHz) is achieved. The structure has a low cross-polarization level and stable radiation patterns within the entire operating bandwidth.
•Five extraction methods were compared for extracting CPS from C. gunnii.•The yield and anti-tumor activity of CPSMAE were the best.•The purified polysaccharides (PPS) were obtained from CPS.•PPS had ...the same monosaccharide composition and IR spectra characteristic.•The relationship between characteristics and activity of PPS was investigated.
This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). Then Sephadex G-100 was used for purification of CPS. As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. Five CPS and purified polysaccharides (PPS) were obtained. The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000–1000kDa) ratio was the largest. The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra.
Display omitted
•Aerobic and anaerobic bi-stage bioleaching of red mud was first studied.•Bio-redox of Fe/S significantly drove the extraction of Al and rare earths.•A. manzaensis could couple the ...anaerobic S0 oxidation to jarosites reduction.•A new cost-effective way was provided for recovery of rare earths from RM.
Red mud (RM) is a typical mass quantity of solid waste generated from industrial alumina production and usually consists of valuable metals such as Al and rare earths (REs). This work mainly investigated the extraction of Al and REs from RM via aerobic and anaerobic bi-stage bioleaching by Acidianus manzaensis with the addition of pyrite, by monitoring the morphology, phase and speciation transformations of Al, Si, S and Fe using primarily SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, and XANES. The results showed that during the aerobic bioleaching stage with increase in mass ratios of pyrite/RM, the extraction rates of Al and REs increased; the highest rates for Al (85.1%), Ce (82.4%), Gd (86.8%), Y (85.3%) and Sc (78.6%) were achieved at pyrite/RM mass ratio 2:1 after 22 d of bioleaching. A slight decrease then occurred because that the complexes formed from jarosites, hematite, diaspore and SiO2-gel can adsorb small amounts of the dissolved elements. Under anaerobic conditions, the additive S0 gradually oxidized to sulfate, and the jarosites gradually dissolved into Fe2+ and disappeared at day 10 with maximal bioleaching rate for Al, Ce, Gd, Y and Sc as 52.5%, 86.3%, 93.7%, 90.2% and 74.9%, indicating that the residues from the first stage were dissolved with the dissimilatory reduction of jarosites by A. manzaensis using S0 as an electron donor. These results suggested a new method for the efficient recovery of valuable metals from RM.
We experimentally investigate the quantum criticality and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) behavior within one-dimensional (1D) ultracold atomic gases. Based on the measured density profiles at ...different temperatures, the universal scaling laws of thermodynamic quantities are observed. The quantum critical regime and the relevant crossover temperatures are determined through the double-peak structure of the specific heat. In the TLL regime, we obtain the Luttinger parameter by probing sound propagation. Furthermore, a characteristic power-law behavior emerges in the measured momentum distributions of the 1D ultracold gas, confirming the existence of the TLL.
•All-in-one integration of nanofiltration and ion exchange membranes.•The high removal rate of heavy metal oxyanions and heavy metal cations.•Sustainable recycling and regeneration by the ...electro-deionization process.
The composition of wastewater containing heavy metal mixtures is often complex and poses a serious threat to human and environmental health. Effective removal of a variety of heavy metal ions with a single technology is challenging, and the conventional split integrated technologies require multi-step processing and a massive footprint. For the first time, we achieve hierarchically integrating ion exchange and nanofiltration into all-in-one “iNF” membranes. The iNF membrane has a hierarchical structure with an interfacial polymerization layer and an ion exchange layer, which can achieve highly efficient indiscriminate heavy metal ion removal, overcoming the defect that traditional nanofiltration membranes can only remove single metal cations or oxyanions. The ion exchange layer can remove heavy metal ions through sulfonic acid groups and quaternary amine groups. In addition, the ion exchange layer can be regenerated by electro-deionization, which is meaningful for sustainable membrane usage. This facile, scalable, and compact integrated process shows outstanding potential and universal applicability in complex wastewater treatment.
Display omitted
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing-remitting form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that increases the risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. Oxidative ...stress is a risk factor for the development of UC. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is one of the most important defensive mechanisms against oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses. In this study, we identified CPUY192018 as a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI, investigated the cyto-protective effects of CPUY192018 on the NCM460 colonic cells and evaluated whether treatment with the inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI exerts protection on an established experimental model of UC induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Our study clearly demonstrated that CPUY192018 had a cytoprotective effect against DSS in both NCM460 cells and mouse colon via the activation of Nrf2 signaling. These results suggested that activation of Nrf2 by directly inhibiting the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI may be beneficial as a treatment for UC.
PDF
