Motion estimation (ME) and motion compensation (MC) have been widely used for classical video frame interpolation systems over the past decades. Recently, a number of data-driven frame interpolation ...methods based on convolutional neural networks have been proposed. However, existing learning based methods typically estimate either flow or compensation kernels, thereby limiting performance on both computational efficiency and interpolation accuracy. In this work, we propose a motion estimation and compensation driven neural network for video frame interpolation. A novel adaptive warping layer is developed to integrate both optical flow and interpolation kernels to synthesize target frame pixels. This layer is fully differentiable such that both the flow and kernel estimation networks can be optimized jointly. The proposed model benefits from the advantages of motion estimation and compensation methods without using hand-crafted features. Compared to existing methods, our approach is computationally efficient and able to generate more visually appealing results. Furthermore, the proposed MEMC-Net architecture can be seamlessly adapted to several video enhancement tasks, e.g., super-resolution, denoising, and deblocking. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art video frame interpolation and enhancement algorithms on a wide range of datasets.
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•N doped carbon dots were prepared by facile hydrothermal treatment of fish scales.•Highly fluorescence and anitinterference features were achieved in the carbon dots.•The carbon dots ...probe displays high capability for detection of LH in human serum.
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of an easily available fish scales precursor. The as-prepared CDs exhibit good water-solubility, wavelength-tunable fluorescence nature with fluorescence quantum yield of 9%, high photostability and resistance against common ions and biomolecules, thus enables the application as viable fluorescent nanoprobes for detection of pharmaceuticals molecules. The fluorescence of CDs can be efficiently quenched by lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) through static quenching, hence the CDs can serve as a simple and rapid fluorescent probe for determination of LH pharmaceutical. The fluorescent CDs probe demonstrated a wide linear range (0.185–1.295 mmol L−1) and a low detection limit (0.054 mmol L−1). The CDs also demonstrates low cytotoxicity, which enables the accurate fluorescent detection of LH in human serum.
•Non-rainfall water inputs (NRWIs) occurred more frequently and stably than rainfall.•Contributions of NRWIs to the evapotranspiration can reach 18.4%.•Canopy dew was more significantly than water ...vapor adsorption.•Canopy dew greatly reduced nighttime sap flow, but increased soil water storage in root zone.
Non-rainfall water inputs (NRWIs) provide crucial water resources for dryland ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the quantitative characteristics and formation of NRWIs, and the relative importance of NRWIs as water sources in a dryland jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) plantation in the Hilly Loess Region of China. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of NRWIs during the jujube growing season with regard to amount, duration, and contributions to transpiration, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. Dew intensity and duration were monitored using dielectric leaf wetness sensors, Also sap flow, soil water content, soil temperature, and meteorological variables were measured during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. NRWIs were found to be composed of canopy dew (CD) and water vapor adsorption (WVAS) in the 0–5 cm soil layer, amounting to 75.218 mm in 2017 and 75.309 mm in 2018 (CD accounted for about 81% of NRWI). Daily average CD was significantly greater than WVAS (P < 0.05), and CD duration was 2.09–9.14 h more than WVAS duration (P < 0.05). The CD rate and frequency generally exceeded that of WVAS. CD occurred from 19:00 to 9:00. WVAS mainly occurred from 6:30 to 9:00. CD reduced nocturnal sap flow by 7.36–55.64%, but increased soil water storage (in the 5–100 cm root zone) by 0.274–0.717 mm. WVAS had no effect on soil water evaporation. Over the entire growing season, the ratio of CD to total transpiration was 0.218 in 2017 and 0.258 in 2018, and the ratio of WVAS to soil water evaporation was 0.082 in both years. NRWIs occurred more frequently and were quantitatively more stable than rainfall events. Their contributions to evapotranspiration reached a maximum value of 0.184 in 2018. NRWIs are important components of the hydrological cycle in this region, and probably have potential positive ecological effects on dryland jujube plantations in the Hilly Loess Region of China.
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•Active porous carbon was prepared by carbonization and alkali activation of biomass.•Moderate graphitization, high surface area and superhydrophilicity were achieved.•The ...supercapacitor shows high capacitance retention ability in tandem cell group.
Activated porous carbons containing both micropores and meso-/macropores are prepared by cost-effective pyrolysis carbonization and the subsequent alkali activation of a easily available biomass, paulownia flower (PF). The as-prepared activated PF carbons (a-PFCs) show high specific surface areas, suitable pore size distributions, superhydrophilicity and partial graphitization phase, all of which are essential for achieving high electrochemical performances as supercapacitor electrodes. The symmetric supercapacitor based on a-PFC3, which is synthesized at the mass ratio of KOH to PF derived carbon (PFC) to be 3 during activation step, offers a specific capacitance of 297Fg−1 at current density of 1Ag−1 within potential range of #2–3#1V using 1M H2SO4 electrolyte. Owing to the high specific capacitance and wide potential window, the supercapacitor delivers high energy densities of 44.5∼22.2Whkg−1 under the power outputs of 247∼3781Wkg−1. The high specific capacitance, good rate capability, superior cycling reliability and excellent capacitance maintaining ability in tandem cell group make the a-PFC3 supercapacitor a competitive unit in assembling of amplified tandem battery pack.
Efficiently modeling spatial–temporal information in videos is crucial for action recognition. To achieve this goal, state-of-the-art methods typically employ the convolution operator and the dense ...interaction modules such as non-local blocks. However, these methods cannot accurately fit the diverse events in videos. On the one hand, the adopted convolutions are with fixed scales, thus struggling with events of various scales. On the other hand, the dense interaction modeling paradigm only achieves sub-optimal performance as action-irrelevant parts bring additional noises for the final prediction. In this paper, we propose a unified action recognition framework to investigate the dynamic nature of video content by introducing the following designs. First, when extracting local cues, we generate the spatial–temporal kernels of dynamic-scale to adaptively fit the diverse events. Second, to accurately aggregate these cues into a global video representation, we propose to mine the interactions only among a few selected foreground objects by a Transformer, which yields a sparse paradigm. We call the proposed framework as
Event Adaptive Network
because both key designs are adaptive to the input video content. To exploit the short-term motions within local segments, we propose a novel and efficient
Latent Motion Code
module, further improving the performance of the framework. Extensive experiments on several large-scale video datasets, e.g., Something-to-Something V1 &V2, Kinetics, and Diving48, verify that our models achieve state-of-the-art or competitive performances at low FLOPs.
Codes are available
at:
https://github.com/tianyuan168326/EAN-Pytorch
.
Chemically grafted p-aniline-functionalized graphene-polyaniline composite (a-G-PANI) is synthesized by covalent bonding and polymerization of aniline onto p-aniline functionalized graphene (a-G) ...substrate. To achieve this purpose, a-G substrate is initially synthesized via an easily-processible and powerful p-phenylenediamine diazotisation reaction, the modified p-aniline groups further serve as initiation sites for the chemical grafting and polymerization of aniline. The as-prepared a-G-PANI exhibits planar configuration with rich pores, which is formed by the conjugated bonding and coating of PANI nanofibers onto graphene sheet, endowing the composite with essential merits including high conductivity, efficient electrolyte diffusion channel and exposure of highly pseudocapacitive PANI to electrolyte, hence, a combined electric double-layer (EDL) capacitance and pseudocapacitance property is achieved. Supercapacitor based on a-G-PANI200 composite with a-G to PANI ratio of 1:200 demonstrates high electrochemical capacitance (422 F g−1) at discharge rate of 1Ag−1, which is dramatically higher than that based on sole a-G or PANI. The rate performance and cycling stability of a-G-PANI200 based supercapacitor are also enhanced relative to sole PANI based counterpart, highlighting the structural advantage of chemically grafted a-G-PANI for capacitor applications.
Despite worldwide promising clinical outcome of CD19 CAR-T therapy, relapse after this therapy is associated with poor prognosis and has become an urgent problem to be solved. We conducted a CD22 CAR ...T-cell therapy in 34 relapsed or refractory (r/r) B-ALL pediatric and adult patients who failed from previous CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) was achieved in 24 of 30 patients (80%) that could be evaluated on day 30 after infusion, which accounted for 70.5% of all 34 enrolled patients. Most patients only experienced mild cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Seven CR patients received no further treatment, and 3 of them remained in remission at 6, 6.6, and 14 months after infusion. Eleven CR patients were promptly bridged to transplantation, and 8 of them remained in remission at 4.6 to 13.3 months after transplantation, resulted in 1-year leukemia-free survival rate of 71.6% (95% CI, 44.2-99.0). CD22 antigen loss or mutation was not observed to be associated with relapsed patients. Our study demonstrated that our CD22 CAR T-cells was highly effective in inducing remission in r/r B-ALL patients, and also provided a precious window for subsequent transplantation to achieve durable remission.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are correlated with the initiation, chemoresistance and relapse of tumors. Notch pathway has been reported to function in CSCs maintenance, but whether it is involved in ...renal cell carcinoma (RCC) CSCs maintaining stemness remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Notch pathway on stemness of CSCs in RCC and the underlying mechanisms.
The CD133
/CD24
cells were isolated from RCC ACHN and Caki-1 cell line using Magnetic-activated cell sorting and identified by Flow cytometry analysis. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were used for determining the stemness maker expression. The effect of Notch pathway on function of CSCs was assessed by self-renewal ability, chemosensitivity, invasive and migratory ability tumorigenicity in vivo using soft agar colony formation assay, sphere-forming assay, MTT assay, Transwell assay.
Here, we found that the sorted CD133
/CD24
cells possessed elevated stemness maker CTR2, BCL-2, MDR1, OCT-4, KLF4, compared with parental cells, as well as enhanced self-renewal ability, stronger resistance to cisplatin and sorafenib, increased invasion and migration, and higher tumorigenesis in vivo, suggesting the CD133
/CD24
cells have the stem-like characteristics of CSCs and thus identified as RCC CSCs. Then the enhanced notch1, notch2, Jagged1, Jagged2, DLL1 and DLL4 expression were detected in RCC CSCs and blockage of Notch1 or notch2 using pharmacological inhibitor MRK-003 or its endogenous inhibitor Numb resulted in loss of its stemness features: self-renewal, chemoresistance, invasive and migratory potential, and tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, it is confirmed that overexpression of notch1 up-regulated CXCR4 inRCC CSCs and augmented SDF-1-induced chemotaxis in RCC CSCs in vitro, which could be rescued when treatment of CXCR4 inhibitor, suggesting that notch signaling promotes the chemotaxis of RCC CSCs by SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
Our results provide a new mechanism of RCC CSCs maintaining stemness via notch pathway as well as a potential therapeutic target in human RCC.
In a power system with high renewable power penetration, uncertain and intermittent characteristics of renewable energy resources become major concerns of system planning and operation. In such a ...power system, conventional thermal or hydro units have to be dispatched, shut down or started up more frequently to incorporate load, renewable resource variation and system failures. Slow ramp up (or down) of conventional units may cause energy shortage (or surplus) in power systems with high wind power penetration or in isolated micro grids with limited dispatchable capacity. This paper proposes a technique to evaluate operational reliability and energy utilization efficiency of power systems with high wind power penetration. The ramp rate of a conventional generator and energy storage system (ESS) are considered in the proposed technique. The effect of slow ramp-up rate or fast reduction of wind speed on system reliability is measured by the expected energy not supplied. A new index designated as the expected energy not used is proposed and formulated to represent energy surplus due to fast increase of wind speed and slow ramp down of conventional units. The IEEE-RTS is used to illustrate the applications of the proposed method.
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