As an indigenous breed, the Tibetan chicken is found in highland regions and shows physiological adaptations to high altitude; however, the genetic changes that determine these adaptations remain ...elusive. We assumed that the microevolution of the Tibetan chicken occurred from lowland to highland regions with a continuous elevation range. In this study, we analyzed the genome of 188 chickens from lowland areas to the high‐altitude regions of the Tibetan plateau with four altitudinal levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Tibetan chickens are significantly different from other altitude chicken populations. Reconstruction of the demographic history showed that the migration and admixture events of the Tibetan chicken occurred at different times. The genome of the Tibetan chicken was also used to analyze positive selection pressure that is associated with high‐altitude adaptation, revealing the well‐known candidate gene that participates in oxygen binding (HBAD), as well as other novel potential genes (e.g., HRG and ANK2) that are related to blood coagulation and cardiovascular efficiency. Our study provides novel insights regarding the evolutionary history and microevolution mechanisms of the high‐altitude adaptation in the Tibetan chicken.
The Belt and Road Initiative and the Law of the Sea offers insightful discussions on the use of oceans in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative covering navigational safety, marine energy and ...sea ports, maritime law enforcement and access of landlocked states to the sea.
Marine Scientific Research, New Marine Technologies and the Law of the Sea offers expert insights into new legal developments covering marine scientific research (MSR) including marine genetic ...resources regime development and emerging marine technologies including floating nuclear power plants.
Sustainable Development and the Law of the Sea offers international legal perspectives on ocean uses including fisheries management, sustainable use of marine non-living resources, and marine ...protected areas in the context of sustainable development.
Objective： To study the efficacy and safety of Shuanghuang Shengbai Granule（双黄升白颗粒, SSG）, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on myelosuppression of cancer patients caused by chemotherapy. ...Methods： A total of 330 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group（220 cases, analysed 209 cases） and the control group（110 cases, analysed 102 cases） with a 2：1 ratio by envelope method. The patients in the treatment group at the first day of chemotherapy started to take SSG for 14 days, while the patients in the control group took Leucogon Tablets. The changes of the blood routine, clinical symptoms and immune function in both groups were observed for safety and efficacy evaluation. Results： At the 7th day of chemotherapy, the white blood cells（WBCs） level in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P〈0.05）. After treatment, the WBCs rate in the normal range accounted for 50.2% in the treatment group, the myelosuppression of WBCs and neutrophil were mainly grade Ⅰ, while 8.1% and 5.7% of patients emerged grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ myelosuppression, respectively. The incidence of myelosuppression of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group（P〈0.05）. The total effective rate of Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group（84.2% vs. 72.5%, P〈0.05）. The immune cell levels in both groups were maintained in the normal range. Compared with that before treatment, the levels of CD3~＋ and CD4~＋ cells were significantly increased in the treatment group after treatment（P〈0.05）. The discrepancy of CD3~＋ and CD4~＋ cell activity before and after treatment in both groups were significantly different（P〈0.05）. No obvious adverse event occurred in both groups. Conclusion： SSG had a protection effect on bone marrow suppression, and alleviated the clinical symptoms together with clinical safety.
Rational self‐assembly of a long V‐shaped 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylate (bptc) ligand and metal salts in the presence of linear bidentate ligand yield a series of novel pillared ...helical‐layer complexes, namely, Cu2(bptc)(bpy)2 (1), M3(Hbptc)2(bpy)3(H2O)4⋅2 H2O (M = Fe(2) and Ni(3)), Co2(bptc)(bpy)(H2O)⋅0.5 bpy (4), Cd2(bptc)(bpy)(H2O)2⋅H2O (5), Mn2(bptc)(bpy)1.5(H2O)3 (6) and M2(bptc)(bpy)0.5(H2O)5⋅0.5 bpy (M = Mn(7), Mg(8) and Co(9), bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine). Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. The structure of 1 consists of two types of chiral layers, one left‐handed and the other right‐handed, which are connected by bpy pillars to generate a novel 3D open framework featuring four distinct helical chains. Compounds 2 and 3 are isostructural and feature 3D structures formed from the interconnection of arm‐shaped helical layers with bpy pillars. Compound 4 is a pillared helical double‐layer complex containing four different types of helices, among which the nine‐fold interwoven helices constructed from triple‐stranded helical motifs are unprecedented. Compound 5 exhibits a novel 3D covalent framework which features nanosized tubular channels. These channels are built from helical layers pillared by bptc ligands. The structure of 6 is constructed from {Mn(bptc)(H2O)}n2n− layers, which consist of left‐ and right‐handed helical chains, pillared by Mn2(bpy)3(H2O)44+ complexes into a 3D framework. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1–6 are the first examples of pillared helical‐layer coordination polymers. Compounds 7–9 are isostructural and exhibit interesting 2D helical double‐layer structures, which are constructed from {M(bptc)(H2O)2}n2n− ribbons cross‐linked by M2(bpy)(H2O)64+ complexes. Furthermore, the 3D supramolecular structures of 7–9 are similar to the 3D structure of 6, and the 2D structure of 7 can be transformed into the 3D structure of 6 at higher reaction temperature. By inspection of the structures of 1–9, it is believed that the V‐shaped bptc ligand and V‐shaped phthalic group of the bptc ligand are important for the formation of the helical structures. The magnetic behavior of compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 was studied and indicated the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, compound 5 shows intense photoluminescence at room temperature.
A series of novel pillared helical‐layer complexes with porous frameworks, such as depicted, which feature multiform helices, were prepared by the rational self‐assembly of a long, V‐shaped ligand and metal salts in the presence of a linear bidentate ligand.
According to the theory of flow diffusion and convection, we establish the three‐dimensional state equations describing the radon field with the constants and variables of diffusion coefficients and ...convection rates. The numerical solutions of different coefficients and different boundary conditions are given for the two theoretical models of the radon field having sources at the side of and inside of the collapse column. Numerical computation is performed with the difference method based on characteristics and boundary conditions of the models. The computation results indicate the distribution characteristics of the radon field in space. The field measurement and model test accord with each other.
A twist to the right, or to the left: Both enantiomers of a new chiral material were synthesized by a rational approach, using enantiopure proline ligands, copper cations, and Keggin polyoxometalate ...anions as building blocks. The compounds have open‐framework structures containing helical channels.
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