Because a DNA nucleotide sequence has the characteristics of large storage capacity, high parallelism, and low energy consumption, DNA cryptography is favored by information security researchers. ...Image encryption algorithms based on DNA coding have become a research hotspot in the field of image encryption and security. In this study, based on a comprehensive review of the existing studies and their results, we present new insights into the existing image encryption algorithms based on DNA coding. First, the existing algorithms were summarized and classified into five types, depending on the type of DNA coding: DNA fixed coding, DNA dynamic coding, different types of base complement operation, different DNA sequence algebraic operations, and combinations of multiple DNA operations. Second, we analyzed and studied each classification algorithm using simulation and obtained their advantages and disadvantages. Third, the DNA coding mechanisms, DNA algebraic operations, and DNA algebraic combination operations were compared and discussed. Then, a new scheme was proposed by combining the optimal coding mechanism with the optimal DNA coding operation. Finally, we revealed the shortcomings of the existing studies and the future direction for improving image encryption methods based on DNA coding.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Multiple trials have attempted to assess the diagnostic value of .sup.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (.sup.18F-FDG PET/CT) in osteosarcoma with ...results remaining inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of .sup.18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging, recurrence and metastasis formation observations of osteosarcoma through systematic review followed by meta-analysis. Methods Three electronic databases, Medline/PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were utilized in this study. Eligible studies that assessed the performance of .sup.18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis, staging, restaging and recurrence monitoring of osteosarcoma were retrieved utilizing specific search criteria. After screening and diluting out the non-conforming articles, all relevant articles and their data were identified and extracted to calculate the summary metrics involving sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odd ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) to determine the effectiveness of .sup.18F-FDG PET in diagnosing osteosarcoma clinically. Results Out of 1976 articles searched, twenty-six studies were identified that were viable. All data from these articles, utilized in the quantitative analyses, showed after meta-analysis that when utilizing .sup.18F-FDG PET or PET/CT it was better with a success rate of 90-100% for detecting primary lesions and distant metastases of patients with osteosarcoma. Similar results were also obtained for detecting lung and bone metastases in a subgroup analysis. Conclusions As such the investigation demonstrated that .sup.18F-FDG PET and PET/CT are very accurate for the diagnosis, staging and recurrence monitoring of osteosarcoma. .sup.18F-FDG-avid lesions should be further examined in osteosarcoma, especially for suspicious lung lesions. Keywords: .sup.18F-FDG PET, PET/CT, Metastases, Meta-analysis, Osteosarcoma, Diagnostic accuracy
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pathogenic bacteria pose a devastating threat to public health. However, because of the growing bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop alternative antibacterial ...strategies to the established antibiotics. Herein, iron-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs, ∼3 nm) nanozymes with excellent photothermal conversion and photoenhanced enzyme-like properties are developed through a facile one-pot pyrolysis approach for synergistic efficient antibacterial therapy and wound healing. In particular, Fe doping endows CDs with photoenhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity, which lead to the generation of heat and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria killing. This study demonstrates Fe-CDs have significant wound healing efficiency of Fe-CDs by preventing infection, promoting fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Furthermore, the ultrasmall size of Fe-CDs possesses good biocompatibility favoring clinical translation. We believe that the nanozyme-mediated therapeutic platform presented here is expected to show promising applications in antibacterial.
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•Iron doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs, ~3 nm) exhibited excellent photothermal conversion and photoenhanced enzyme-like properties.•Fe-CDs as nanozyme and photothermal agent possess outstanding antibacterial ratio against both S. aureus and E. coli.•The photoresponsive nanozyme-mediated therapeutic platform exhibited great promise for bacterial-infected wound healing.
•Unique geology of Pre-Cambrian to Cenozoic hydrocarbon-bearing marine, transitional and lacustrine shales in China is summarized.•Robust comparisons between marine, lacustrine and transitional ...shales are revealed based on the geochemical, mineralogical, petrophysics, petrology tests and heterogeneity analysis.•Depositional model for lacustrine and marine shales in China is proposed to predict shale reservoir.•The tectonically stable areas are suggested for exploration of shale gas and shale oil in China.
Organic-rich shales spanning in age from Pre-Cambrian to Quaternary were widely deposited in China. This paper elaborates the geology and unique characteristics of emerging and potential hydrocarbon-bearing shales in China. The Pre-Cambrian Sinian Doushantuo to Silurian black marine shales in the intra-shelf low to slope environments were accumulated in South China and Tarim Platform in Northwest China. These marine shales with maturity (Ro) of 1.3–5% are in dry gas window. During Carboniferous to Permian, the shales associated with coal and sandstones were mainly deposited in coastal swamp transitional setting in north China, NE China, NW China and Yangtze platform in South China. These transitional shales are generally clay rich and are potential gas-bearing reservoirs. Since Middle Permian, the lacustrine shales with total carbon content (TOC) up to 30% and Ro mainly in oil window are widely distributed in all the producing basins in China. The lacustrine shales usually have more clay mineral content than marine shales and are characterized by rapid facies change and are interbedded with carbonates and sandstone. The high quality shale reservoir with high TOC, hydrocarbon content and brittle minerals content is usually located at transgressive systems tract (TST) to early highstand systems tract (EHST) interval deposited in anoxic depositional setting. Recent commercial shale gas production from the Silurian Longmaxi marine shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin, preliminary tight oil production associated with lacustrine hydrocarbon-bearing shale intervals and hydrocarbon shows from many other shales have proven the hydrocarbon-bearing shales in China are emerging and potential shale gas and tight (shale) oil plays. Tectonic movements could have breached the early hydrocarbon accumulation in shales and tectonically stable areas are suggested to be favorable prospects for China shale plays exploration and production.
Conventional education results in unsatisfactory morphological understanding of acetabular fractures due to lack of three-dimensional (3D) details and tactile feedback of real fractures. Virtual ...reality (VR) and 3D printing (3DP) techniques are widely applied in teaching. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of physical model (PM), VR and 3DP models in education of morphological understanding of acetabular fractures. 141 students were invited to participate in this study. Participants were equally and randomly assigned to the PM, VR and 3DP learning groups. Three-level objective tests were conducted to evaluate learning, including identifying anatomical landmarks, describing fracture lines, identifying classification, and inferring fracture mechanism. Four subjective questions were asked to evaluate the usability and value of instructional materials. Generally, the 3DP group showed a clear advantage over the PM and VR groups in objective tests, while there was no significant difference between the PM and VR groups. 3DP was considered to be the most valuable learning tool for understanding acetabular fractures. The findings demonstrate that 3DP modelling of real fractures is an effective learning instrument that can be used to understand the morphology of acetabular fractures and promote subjective interest.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in non-invasive treatments for different neurological disorders. Few biomarkers are available for treatment response ...prediction. This study aims to analyze the correlation between changes in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that underwent rTMS treatment.
A total of 75 AD patients were randomized into either 20 Hz rTMS treatment at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) group (n = 37) or a sham treatment group (n = 38) for 30 sessions over six weeks (five days per week) with a three-month follow-up. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment-Cognitive Component (ADAS-Cog). The cortical plasticity reflected by the motor-evoked potential (MEP) before and after high-frequency repetitive TMS to the primary motor cortex (M1) was also examined prior to and after the treatment period.
The results showed that the cognitive ability of patients who underwent the MMSE and ADAS-Cog assessments showed small but significant improvement after six weeks of rTMS treatment compared with the sham group. The cortical plasticity improvement correlated to the observed cognition change.
Cortical LTP-like plasticity could predict the treatment responses of cognitive improvements in AD patients receiving rTMS intervention. This warrants future clinical trials using cortical LTP as a predictive marker.
•High-frequency rTMS is an effective, non-invasive treatment for cognitive improvements.•There is a correlation between LTP-like plasticity and cognitive function changes following rTMS treatments on patients with AD.•Cortical LTP-like plasticity could predict treatment responses. This warrants future clinical trials using cortical LTP as a predictive marker.
Photothermal therapy based on conjugated polymers represents a promising antibacterial strategy but still possesses notable limitations. Herein, degradable pseudo conjugated polymers (PCPs) ...containing photothermal molecular backbones and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive thioketal bonds are designed. Triphenylphosphine (PPh3) is introduced into PCPs to generate phosphonium‐based PCPs (pPCPs), which further assembled with hyaluronic acid into pPCP nanoparticles (pPCP‐NPs). pPCP‐NPs with quaternary phosphonium cations selectively anchor on and destroy bacterial cell membranes through electrostatic action. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, pPCP‐NPs (pPCP‐NPs/+L) produce near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal antibacterial effect, thereby killing bacteria in a sustained manner. pPCP‐NPs are readily degraded upon ROS abundant at infection sites, therefore exhibiting enough biosafety. pPCP‐NPs/+L display an almost 100% bacterial inhibition rate in vitro and resultin a nearly complete recovery of bacteria‐induced mouse wounds. A further metabolomics analysis denotes that pPCP‐NPs/+L work in a concerted way to induce bacterial DNA damage, inhibit bacterial carbon/nitrogen utilization and amino acid/nucleotide synthesis. Taken together, degradable pPCP‐NPs with both NIR‐II photothermal effect and cationic phosphonium structural bacteriostasis provide a new avenue for antibiotics‐alternative anti‐infection therapy.
pPCP nanoparticles (pPCP‐NPs) were developed to combine near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal effect with cationic phosphonium structural bacteriostasis. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, pPCP‐NPs (pPCP‐NPs/+L) produce NIR‐II photothermal antibacterial effect, thereby killing bacteria in a sustained manner. Furthermore, the phosphonium structural bacteriostasis could destruct bacterial membrane. This combinational strategy provides a new avenue for antibiotics‐alternative anti‐infection therapy.
Current image encryption algorithms have various deficiencies in effectively protecting medical images with large storage capacity and high pixel correlation. This article proposed a new image ...protection algorithm based on the deoxyribonucleic acid chain of dynamic length, which achieved image encryption by DNA dynamic coding, generation of DNA dynamic chain, and dynamic operation of row chain and column chain. First, the original image is encoded dynamically according to the binary bit from a pixel, and the DNA sequence matrix is scrambled. Second, DNA sequence matrices are dynamically segmented into DNA chains of different lengths. After that, row and column deletion operation and transposition operation of DNA dynamic chain are carried out, respectively, which made DNA chain matrix double shuffle. Finally, the encrypted image is got after recombining DNA chains of different lengths. The proposed algorithm was tested on a list of medical images. Results showed that the proposed algorithm showed excellent security performance, and it is immune to noise attack, occlusion attack, and all common cryptographic attacks.
Abstract
Candida auris
is a multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen responsible for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. Although considerable progress has increased our understanding of the biological ...and clinical aspects of
C. auris
, its interaction with the host immune system is only now beginning to be investigated in-depth. Here, we compare the innate immune responses induced by
C. auris
BJCA001 and
Candida albicans
SC5314 in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that
C. auris
BJCA001 appears to be less immunoinflammatory than
C. albicans
SC5314, and this differential response correlates with structural features of the cell wall.
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