Conduction filament formation, redox reaction, and mobile ion migration in solid electrolytes underpin the memristive devices, all of which are partially influenced or fully dominated by the ...moisture. The moisture-based physical-chemistry mechanism provides an electric tunable method to create enough dissociate conductance states for neuromorphic computing, but overconcentration moisture will corrode electrode and then causes device invalidation. This perspective goal is that surveys the moisture-dependency of dynamic at interfaces or/and switching function layer, clarifies the bottlenecks that the memristive device facing in terms of water molecule-related reaction, and gives the possible solutions.
Display omitted
•Cartilage decellularized matrix (CDM) is processed into inks for 3D printing.•CDM-based scaffolds with controlled 3D shape and pore structure are obtained.•Fibers can improve the ...mechanical property of 3D-printed CDM scaffolds.•3D-printed fiber-reinforced CDM scaffolds exhibit elasticity in wet condition.•Fiber-reinforced CDM scaffolds can repair articular cartilage defects in rabbits.
Cartilage decellularized matrix (CDM) is considered a promising biomaterial for fabricating cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds. An ideal CDM-based scaffold should possess customizable 3D shape for complex tissue regeneration and proper pore size for cell infiltration, as well as provide mechanical support for cell growth. 3D printing is an efficiently technique for preparing customizable 3D scaffolds, however, fabricating CDM-based 3D-printed scaffolds with customizable shapes, proper pore structure and satisfactory mechanical properties remains a challenge. In the current study, to achieve customizable CDM-based 3D scaffolds, CDM was successfully processed into inks suitable for 3D printing. Further, the poor mechanics of CDM-based scaffolds were significantly improved by adding electrospinning fiber into the CDM-based inks for 3D printing. Importantly, the 3D-printed electrospinning fiber-reinforced CDM-based scaffold presented good biocompatibility and can enhance repair articular cartilage defects in rabbits. The current study provides a novel strategy for printing electrospinning fiber-reinforced CDM-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) of varying sizes and morphologies using the solvothermal method and incorporated them as additives into carbonyl iron magnetorheological ...fluids (CI-MRFs). We tested the shear stress, yield stress, viscosity and storage modulus of the MRFs using a magnetorheometer to investigate how the size and morphology of Fe3O4 NPs influence the performance of MRFs. Our results indicate that the size of the additive nanoparticles significantly enhances the MR properties of MRFs more than their morphological attributes. This enhancement results from optimizing and stabilizing the CI magnetic chain structure of the nanoparticles in the presence of a magnetic field. Specifically, MRFs with Fe3O4 NPs averaging 250 nm in size exhibit higher yield stress and storage modulus and show increased resistance to shear strains. Although the nanoparticle morphology has a modest effect on the rheological properties of MRFs, hexahedral and octahedral particles can enhance rheological properties through increased internal friction compared to spherical particles. Additionally, Fe3O4 NPs of different sizes and morphologies improve the sedimentation stability of MRFs, with those around 250 nm being particularly effective at slowing down sedimentation. Both hexahedral and octahedral Fe3O4 NPs slow down sedimentation more effectively than spherical Fe3O4 NPs. This paper investigates the rheological properties of CI-MRFs by controlling the additive particle size and morphological features, providing a research foundation for the design and optimization of MRFs.
This study investigated the longitudinal trajectories of peer rejection and their predictive effects on Internet gaming addiction among Chinese children. The sample comprised 818 students from Grades ...1 to 3 (M = 8.30, SD = 1.11, 51.3% boys). Peer rejection was assessed using peer nominations in five waves over a period of 2.5 years, and Internet gaming addiction was measured using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form in the fifth wave. We used a growth mixture model to explore the developmental trajectory of peer rejection and identified four heterogeneous developmental trajectories: low-drop, moderate-drop, moderate-rise, and high-rise rejection. The trajectory categories of peer rejection significantly predicted Internet gaming addiction. In particular, the prediction in the moderate-rise rejection group was higher than that in the low-drop rejection group. This study indicates that exploring the prediction of trajectory categories on Internet gaming addiction is necessary and that it is essential for families and schools to help children establish good interpersonal relationships and to reduce the development of addictive behaviors associated with Internet gaming.
Given the limited spontaneous repair that follows cartilage injury, demand is growing for tissue engi- neering approaches for cartilage regeneration. There are two major applications for ...tissue-engineered cartilage. One is in orthopedic surgery, in which the engineered cartilage is usually used to repair cartilage defects or loss in an articular joint or meniscus in order to restore the joint function. The other is for head and neck reconstruction, in which the engineered cartilage is usually applied to repair cartilage defects or loss in an auricle, trachea, nose, larynx, or eyelid. The challenges faced by the engineered car- tilage for one application are quite different from those faced by the engineered cartilage for the other application. As a result, the emphases of the engineering strategies to generate cartilage are usually quite different for each application. The statuses of preclinical animal investigations and of the clinical translation of engineered cartilage are also at different levels for each application. The aim of this review is to provide an opinion piece on the challenges, current developments, and future directions for cartilage engineering for both applications.
Microtia is a congenital external ear malformation that can seriously influence the psychological and physiological well-being of affected children. The successful regeneration of human ear-shaped ...cartilage using a tissue engineering approach in a nude mouse represents a promising approach for auricular reconstruction. However, owing to technical issues in cell source, shape control, mechanical strength, biosafety, and long-term stability of the regenerated cartilage, human tissue engineered ear-shaped cartilage is yet to be applied clinically. Using expanded microtia chondrocytes, compound biodegradable scaffold, and in vitro culture technique, we engineered patient-specific ear-shaped cartilage in vitro. Moreover, the cartilage was used for auricle reconstruction of five microtia patients and achieved satisfactory aesthetical outcome with mature cartilage formation during 2.5years follow-up in the first conducted case. Different surgical procedures were also employed to find the optimal approach for handling tissue engineered grafts. In conclusion, the results represent a significant breakthrough in clinical translation of tissue engineered human ear-shaped cartilage given the established in vitro engineering technique and suitable surgical procedure.
This study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-ICN-14005469).
•Patient-specific ear-shaped cartilage was engineered in vitro using expanded MCs and compound biodegradable scaffold.•The first microtia case treated with the tissue engineered ear-shaped cartilage was follow-up for 2.5years.•Other four cases with similar and different surgical procedures were also presented.
Microtia is a congenital external ear malformation that can seriously influence the psychological and physiological well-being of affected children. Using expanded microtia chondrocytes, compound biodegradable scaffold, and in vitro culture technique, we engineered patient-specific ear-shaped cartilage in vitro, and performed a pilot clinical trial of auricle reconstruction using the engineered ear cartilage on five patients. Satisfactory aesthetical outcome with mature cartilage formation was achieved with the longest follow-up of 2.5years.
The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) electrospun fibrous scaffolds with customizable shapes and large pores is a challenging task. In this study, for the first time, one-dimensional (1D) ...gelatin/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun fibers were processed into inks suitable for 3D printing. By combining 3D printing and freeze drying, electrospun fiber-based inks were successfully fabricated into 3D-printed scaffolds (3DP) with precisely controlled shapes and large pores, in addition to fibrous surface morphologies similar to that of a native extracellular matrix (ECM). The 3DP exhibited good elasticity and water-induced shape memory, and was found to be superior to 3D-printed scaffolds fabricated using pure gelatin fibers and freeze-shaped scaffolds fabricated using non-fibrous gelatin/PLGA powder. Moreover, 3DP combined with chondrocytes achieved satisfactory cartilage regeneration in vivo. The novel strategy of 3D printing electrospun fibers established in this study provides a research model for the design and fabrication of multiple scaffolds for various tissue regeneration applications.
Display omitted
•Electrospun fibers were processed into three-dimensional inks for the first time.•Fiber scaffolds with controlled shapes and large pores were successfully fabricated.•Three-dimensional printed fiber scaffolds exhibited elastic property in the wet condition.•Three-dimensional fiber scaffolds combined with chondrocytes achieved satisfactory cartilage regeneration in vivo.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), separated from Daqing oilfield wastewater, were used to prepare biological iron sulfides (SRB-Iron Sulfides). Biological iron sulfides are the biological combination ...of SRB and various iron sulfides mainly composed of mackinawite (FeS). Iron sulfides could be extracted by mechanically grinding the mixture SRB-Iron Sulfides. It is found that alkyl chains of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) can bind to the iron sulfides particles by van der Waals force to form modified particles (ABS-SRB-Iron Sulfides and ABS-Iron Sulfides). After modification, surface properties and dispersing properties have changed. In this study, iron sulfides (biosynthesized, mechanically grinding, ABS coated or not) were analyzed with X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the effect of iron sulfides on oil–water dynamic interfacial tensions (DIFTs) was investigated. The results show that SRB-Iron Sulfides and Iron Sulfides presented hydrophilic and lipophilic properties to some extent, respectively. Excellent aqueous phase dispersion of the modified particles can be attributed to the presence of electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance. The results showed that iron sulfides had a slight effect on DIFTs and the DIFTs curves display the “L” shape. For Iron Sulfides, the cooperativity effect with ABS is intensive, and a more stable and dense adsorption layer can be formed, leading to the lower IFT.
The diffusion of nanomedicines used to treat tumors is severely hindered by the microenvironment, which is a challenge that has emerged as a bottleneck for the effective outcome of nanotherapies. ...Classical strategies for enhancing tumor penetration rely on passive movement in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that nanomedicine also penetrates tumor lesions via an active trans-cell transportation process. This process was discovered by directly observing the movement of nanoparticles between cells, evaluating the intracellular trafficking pathway of nanoparticles via Rab protein labeling, comparing endocytosis-exocytosis between nanoparticles administered with inhibitors, and correlating the transcytosis process with the micro-CT distribution of nanomedicines. We also demonstrated that enhanced tumor penetration promotes the therapeutic efficacy of a photodynamic therapeutic nanomedicine. Our research thus suggests that transcytosis could be an important positive factor for designing cancer nanomedicines.
PDF
