Microclusters are the basic building blocks used to construct cluster states capable of supporting fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this paper, we explore the consequences of errors on ...microcluster construction using two error models. To quantify the effect of the errors we calculate the fidelity of the constructed microclusters and the fidelity with which two such microclusters can be fused together. Such simulations are vital for gauging the capability of an experimental system to achieve fault tolerance.
The influence of the temperature and sort of alloying element on the deformation of the nanocrystalline (NC) binary Al alloys with segregation of 10.2 at % Ti, Co, or Mg over grain boundaries has ...been studied using the molecular dynamics. The deformation behavior of the materials has been studied in detail by the simulation of the shear deformation of various Al bicrystals with the grain-boundary segregation of impurity atoms, namely, Ti, Co, or Mg. The deformation of bicrystals with different grain orientation has been studied. It has been found that Co introduction into grain boundaries of NC Al has a strengthening effect due to the deceleration of the grain-boundary migration (GBM) and difficulty in the grain-boundary sliding (GBS). The Mg segregation at the boundaries greatly impedes the GBM, but stimulates the development of the GBS. In the NC alloy of Al–Ti, the GBM occurs actively, and the flow-stress values are close to the values characteristic of pure Al.
To analyze the prognostic factors of transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia (TD-NSAA) patients treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) and androgen.
Clinical data of 77 consecutive TD-NSAA ...patients treated with CsA and androgen were retrospectively analyzed between 2010 and 2013. We obtained clinical manifestations and baseline parameters of routine blood test from responders, and compared those with non-responders. All data were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.
In 77 patients, there were 43 (55.8%) patients achieved hematological response after 6 months'treatment, and 53 (68.8%) patients got response after 12 months. Univariate analysis showed that platelets baseline was the only factor related to hematological response 19 (6-61) ×10(9)/L
13.5 (5-45) ×10(9)/L,
=0.001 after 6 months therapy. After 12 months, the statistical differences were maintained, which were platelets baseline 18 (6-61) ×10(9)/L
10.5 (5-45) ×10(9)/L,
<0.001, absolute reticulocytes 0.03 (0.01-0.06) ×10(1
The effects of environmental factors including total solar radiation, average daily solar radiation, and number of hours exceeding 32 °C on the antioxidant properties and total phenolic contents ...(TPC) of Platte wheat were evaluated. Bran extracts of Platte wheat grown at one irrigated and four nonirrigated testing locations in Colorado were examined for their radical scavenging activities against ABTS+ and DPPH, Fe2+ chelating capacity, and TPC. Bran samples from Fort Collins, the irrigated location, had the greatest ABTS+ scavenging activity of 35.8 μmole trolox equivalent/g bran, and the strongest DPPH scavenging capacity. Differences in chelating activities and TPC were also detected among bran samples from individual growing locations. Total phenolic contents of Platte bran grown at five different locations were correlated with the number of hours exceeding 32 °C (r=−0.86, P=0.06). No correlation between solar radiations and any of the tested antioxidant properties was detected in this study. These data indicated the potential influence of growing conditions on the antioxidant properties and TPC of wheat. Furthermore, individual antioxidant property of a selected wheat genotype may respond to the environmental changes differently.
This paper applies a physical inversion approach to retrieve geophysical properties from the single instrumental field-of-view (FOV) spectral radiances measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding ...Interferometer (IASI) under all-sky conditions. We demonstrate the use of a principal-component-based radiative transfer model (PCRTM) and a physical inversion methodology to simultaneously retrieve cloud radiative and microphysical properties along with atmospheric thermodynamic parameters. By using a fast parameterization scheme, the PCRTM can include the cloud scattering properties simulation in radiative transfer calculations without incurring much more computational cost. The computational speed achieved for a single FOV forward simulation under cloudy skies is similar to that normally achieved for clear skies. The retrieval algorithm introduced herein adopts a novel cloud phase determination scheme, to stabilize and/or constrain retrieval iterations, based on characteristics of the reflectance and transmittance of ice and water clouds. A modified Gaussian-Newton minimization technique is employed in the iterative inversion process in order to overcome a highly nonlinear cost function introduced by the cloud parameters. We carry out a rigorous error analysis for the retrieval of temperature, moisture, ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) from IASI measurements under cloudy-sky conditions. Our algorithm is applied to real IASI observations. Retrieval results are validated using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting data and collocated Lidar/Radar measurements, and the dependence of retrieval accuracy on cloud optical depth is illustrated.
AIM: To investigate the relationship between solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) and bronchi and its value in predicting the nature of the SPN.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed volumetric targeted ...scans of 0.5 mm collimation with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), reconstructing multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), curved multiplanar reconstructions (CMPR) and surface-shaded display (SSD) images of bronchi in 78 consecutive patients with SPN (53 malignant and 25 benign) and correlated the findings with those of macroscopic and microscopic specimens.
RESULTS: With this CT protocol, the third to seventh-order bronchi were shown continuously and very clearly in all patients. CT findings were consistent with those of specimens. CT demonstrated the relationship between the SPN and bronchi in 46 (86.8%) malignant and 18 (75.0%) benign nodules. Five types of tumour-bronchus relationships were identified with MSCT. Type I: the bronchus was obstructed abruptly by the SPN; type II: the bronchus penetrated into the SPN with tapered narrowing and interruption; type III: the bronchial lumen shown within the SPN was patent and intact; type IV: the bronchus ran around the periphery of the SPN with intact lumen; type V: the bronchus was displaced, compressed and narrowed by the SPN. Malignant nodules were most commonly of type I (58.5%), secondly of type IV (26.4%) and rarely of type V (1.9%). Benign nodules were most often of type V (36.0%), followed by type III (20.0%), type I (16.0%), and there were no type II. Types I, II and IV were more common in malignant nodules, whereas type V was seen more frequently seen in benign nodules (
p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding type III.
CONCLUSION: Ultra-thin section with MSCT and MPR, CMPR and SSD reconstruction can improve the demonstration of the patterns of tumour–bronchus relationships, which can reflect the pathological changes of the nodules to some extent and help differentiate malignant from benign tumours.
•Establishing the first full-scale COPRA facility for Chinese PWR.•New experiments can be conducted using COPRA facility.•The first experimental results of COPRA were discussed.
The COPRA (COrium ...Pool Research Apparatus) facility was designed to investigate the in-vessel molten corium pool behavior for the in-vessel corium retention during severe accidents in Chinese large-scale advanced PWRs. The main part of the COPRA facility is a two-dimensional 1/4 circular slice test section with an inner radius of 2.2m to simulate the lower plenum of the reactor vessel at 1:1 scale for the Chinese large-scale advanced PWR. Up to now, the COPRA experiments have been performed in different melt volumes, heat generation rates and multiple injection of the melt in the one test. At present, the well-known simulant material NaNO3–KNO3 in non-eutectic composition (20mol% NaNO3–80mol% KNO3) is used. This work presents the behavior of a large-scale homogenous melt pool regarding the melt pool temperature, heat flux distribution through the vessel wall and crust thickness in transient and steady state conditions. And the heat transfer towards the vessel wall of the COPRA test was compared with previous experiments and experimental correlations. It showed that the downward heat transfer from the COPRA experiments was lower than those from other experiments within the same range of Rayleigh numbers (1015–1017).
ABSTRACT
We studied the 2018 outburst of the black hole transient H 1743 − 322 with a series of Insight-HXMT, NICER, and NuSTAR observations, covering the 1–120 keV band. With our broad-band X-ray ...spectral modelling, we confirm that the source remained in the low/hard state throughout the month-long outburst, although it became marginally softer at peak flux. We detected Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and followed the evolution of their properties. The QPO frequency increased from ∼0.1 to ∼0.4 Hz during the rising phase of the outburst and decreased again in the decline. Continuum X-ray flux, power-law photon index, QPO frequency, and QPO root-mean-square amplitude were positively correlated. The QPO amplitude was slightly higher in the soft X-ray band (typical values of 12–16 per cent, compared with 8–10 per cent in the hard band). Our spectral-timing results shed light on the initial rising phase in the low/hard state, which has rarely been monitored with such high cadence, time resolution, and broad-band coverage. Combining spectral and timing properties, we find that ‘failed’ (hard state only) and ‘successful’ outbursts follow the same initial evolutionary track, although the former class of outburst never reaches the threshold for a transition to softer (thermally dominated) accretion regimes.
Molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Ga1-xGdxN films were investigated by X-ray diffraction and slow positron beams. From the positron lifetime results, N-vacancy-related defects may be expected in the ...Ga0.9Gd0.1N film grown under Ga-rich conditions which exhibits a lattice expansion in the c-axis direction. In contrast, Ga vacancies more than 1019 cm−3 were detected in the Ga0.9Gd0.1N film grown under N-rich conditions which does not exhibit the lattice expansion, implying that the highly-concentrated Ga vacancies contribute to a relaxation of the lattice distortion caused by incorporating oversized Gd atoms.
GaGdN nanorods were grown on Si (001) substrates with native silicon oxides at a low substrate temperature of 550°C by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy, and the effect of low-temperature growth ...on the structural properties of GaGdN was investigated. It was found that Gd atoms mostly substituted Ga sites in the GaGdN nanorods. A secondary phase, such as NaCl-type GdN and Gd metal, was not observed even in samples with Gd concentration as high as 8.7%. However, with increase in Gd concentration, lattice constant was increased and the coordination environment around the Gd atom was disarranged. Moreover, high Gd fluxes gradually increased the diameter of GaGdN nanorods with the progress of growth.
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