Uncertainties are the major inherent feature of impulse noise. This fact makes image denoising a difficult task. Understanding the uncertainties can improve the performance of image denoising. This ...paper presents a novel adaptive detail-preserving filter based on the cloud model (CM) to remove impulse noise. It is called the CM filter. First, an uncertainty-based detector identifies the pixels corrupted by impulse noise. Then, a weighted fuzzy mean filter is applied to remove the noise candidates. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional switching filters, the CM filter makes a great improvement in image denoising. Even at a noise level as high as 95%, the CM filter still can restore the image with good detail preservation.
Cancers continue to be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the development and improvement of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in cancer management, effective tumor ablation ...strategies are still in need due to high cancer patient mortality. Hence, we have established a new approach to achieve treatment-actuated modifications in a tumor microenvironment by using synergistic activity between two potential anticancer drugs. Dual drug delivery of Regorafenib (REGO) and Cisplatin (PT) exhibits a great anticancer potential, as REGO enhances the effect of PT treatment of human cells by providing stability of the microenvironment. However, encapsulation of REGO and PT fanatical by methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D, L-lactic acid) (PEG-PLA in termed as NPs) is incompetent owing to unsuitability between the binary Free REGO and PT core and the polymeric system. Now, we display that PT can be prepared by hydrophobic coating of the dual drug centers with dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA). The DOPA-covered PT can be co-encapsulated in PLGA NPs alongside REGO to stimulate excellent anticancer property. The occurrence of the PT suggestively enhanced the encapsulations of REGO into PLGA NPs (REGO-PT NPs). Further, the morphology of REGO NPs, PT NPs, and REGO-PT NPs and nanoparticle size was examined by transmission microscopy (TEM), respectively. Furthermore REGO-PT NPs induced significant apoptosis in human lung A549 and ovarian A2780 cancer cells by in vitro. The morphological observation and apoptosis were confirmed by the various biochemical assayes (AO-EB, Nuclear Staining and Annexin V-FITC). In a xenograft model of lung cancer, this nanotherapy shows a durable inhibition of tumor progression upon the administration of a tolerable dose. Our results suggest that a hydrophobic and highly toxic drug can be rationally converted into a pharmacologically efficient and self-deliverable nursing care of nanotherapy.
Highlights
Dual drug delivery of Regorafenib (REGO) and Cisplatin (PT) exhibits a great anticancer potential, as REGO enhances the effect of PT treatment of human cells by providing stability of the microenvironment.
REGO-PT NPs induced significant apoptosis in human lung A549 and ovarian A2780 cancer cells by in vitro.
The morphological observation and apoptosis were confirmed by the various biochemical assayes.
In a xenograft model of lung cancer, this nanotherapy shows a durable inhibition of tumor progression upon the administration of a tolerable dose.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•SC-CO2 fracturing experiments with shale were conducted for the first time.•AE tests, DR and CT scans were used to observe fracture morphology.•The fracture initiation and propagation of SC-CO2 ...fracturing was compared with hydraulic fracturing.•Multiple factors influencing propagation were studied.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing is a promising technology for developing shale gas because it can effectively solve problems related to shale swelling and lack of water resources. This work conducted simulation experiments on SC-CO2 fracturing in shale for the first time. Compared with hydraulic fracturing, using SC-CO2 as the fracturing fluid reduces the pressure needed to initiate fractures by more than 50%. This reduction is due to the increased percolation and pore pressure effects of using SC-CO2. Acoustic emission tests were used to monitor the progress of fracturing in shale and high-energy CT scanning documented fracture morphology. CT scanning shows that SC-CO2-induced fractures are irregular multiple cracks. These numerous crooked cracks are more likely to induce secondary fractures in shale and to connect with natural fracture and bedding to form complex fracture networks than those formed by hydraulic fracturing. The volume of rock fractured by SC-CO2 is several times that fractured by hydraulic fracturing and the surfaces of the fractures opened by SC-CO2 are more complex and rugged. SC-CO2 fracturing can achieve better fracture networks for reservoir stimulation in shale than in sandstone, and the degree of bedding development has a great influence on the complexity of the SC-CO2 induced fractures. Namely, using SC-CO2 as fracturing fluid can increase fracture conductivity and hence achieve increased shale gas production. This study also determined how fractures propagate under different horizontal stress regimes.
A RhII‐catalyzed direct and stereospecific N‐H‐ and N‐alkyl aziridination of olefins is reported that uses hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acids as inexpensive, readily available, and nitro group‐free ...aminating reagents. Unactivated olefins, featuring a wide range of functional groups, are converted into the corresponding N‐H or N‐alkyl aziridines in good to excellent yields. This operationally simple, scalable transformation proceeds efficiently at ambient temperature and is tolerant towards oxygen and trace moisture.
A RhII‐catalyzed direct and stereospecific N‐H‐ and N‐alkyl aziridination of unactivated olefins is presented that uses hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acids as inexpensive, readily available, and nitro‐group‐free aminating reagents. This simple, scalable transformation proceeds efficiently at ambient temperature and is tolerant towards oxygen and trace moisture.
Aim
Many subtropical organisms exhibit an East Asian‐Tethyan disjunction, a distribution split between East Asia and the Mediterranean. The underlying mechanisms and timing have remained unclear to ...date. The evolutionary history of Quercus section Ilex Loudon, a representative East Asian‐Tethyan disjunct lineage with a rich and widespread fossil record, was investigated to understand the key drivers of this disjunction.
Location
Eurasia.
Methods
The phylogeny of Quercus section Ilex was reconstructed using RAD‐seq. Divergence times were estimated based on three fossil calibrations. Ancestral range and niche were reconstructed on the calibrated tree to infer the timing of transitions in geographic distributions and niche. Convergence in ecological space was estimated by fitting alternative multiple‐regime Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck models. Leaf shape affinities among extant and fossil taxa of section Ilex were assessed using geometric morphometric approaches.
Results
Six clades were well resolved in section Ilex. Ancestral range reconstruction and divergence time dating suggest a wide distribution along the East Tethys seaway, with initial divergence at the mid‐Eocene, and all six clades originating before the Miocene. The section dispersed from East Asia to the Mediterranean at the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary. A shift toward higher elevations was detected in the Himalayan clade during the middle or late Miocene. European fossil lineages during the early Miocene differ in leaf morphology from later lineages, which we infer to be a consequence of adaptive differentiation or species turnover.
Main conclusions
Quercus section Ilex was widespread along the East Tethys seaway from the middle Eocene onward. The European holly oaks originated from an East Asian ancestral lineage that dispersed to Europe via the Tibet‐Himalaya corridor in the Oligocene. Lowlands along the margins of the Himalayas and through an Oligocene Tibetan valley served as the dispersal route(s) for these species. Changing climates drove Miocene extinction and local adaptation of European lineages.
Thèse dirigée par Nancy L. Green, soutenue devant un jury composé d’Éric Guerassimoff, (Université Paris Diderot), Jean-Noël Luc (Sorbonne Université), Philippe Rygiel (ENS Lyon), David Serfass ...(INALCO), Isabelle Thireau (EHESS) et Laure (Ning) Zhang (Université de Genève). Résumé : Entre 1921 et 1950, 473 étudiants chinois se sont inscrits à l’Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon, afin de poursuivre leurs études supérieures en France. Situé au Fort Saint-Irénée de Lyon, l’Institut Franco-Chinois ...
Recently, the well-known k-nearest neighbor (kNN) rule has been successfully applied to the fault detection of industrial processes with nonlinear, multimode, and non-Gaussian distributed data. Once ...a fault is detected, how to investigate the root causes of the fault by isolating the true faulty variables without any historical fault information is a challenging problem. Inspired by the idea of the contribution analysis (CA) methods developed in the frame of the principal component analysis (PCA), in this paper, a novel isolation index will be provided by decomposing the kNN distance used as the detection index in kNN-based fault detection method. The commonly used CA-based isolation methods suffer from smearing effect due to the correlation among the defined isolation indices, thus prone to misdiagnosis. The proposed isolation index is defined in the original measurement space without correlation. Moreover, theoretical analysis of the isolability for the proposed fault isolation method shows that it can isolate multiple sensor faults under a less strict condition than that used in the analysis of those CA-based fault isolation methods. The numerical examples and Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
•A fused deposition modeling (FDM) system with screw extrusion suitable for feeding granular feedstocks with high solid loading was developed.•Dense Zirconia ceramics materials and ceramics parts ...with complex geometries with controllable dimension accuracy was manufactured via FDM with screw extrusion.•FDM system with screw extrusion was prospective for additive manufacturing of engineering ceramics such as ZrO2, Si3N4, Al2O3 and SiC for industrial applications.
A fused deposition modeling(FDM)system via screw extrusion suitable for feeding granular feedstocks with high solid loading was developed. Key parameters included aspect ratio of the screw, the compression ratio and pitch etc. In order to get constant extruded mass flow and wire diameter a processing window was determined by optimizing the barrel temperature, the nozzle diameter and the screwing speed. Microstructural characterization coupled with flexural strength measurement revealed that a higher printing temperature was beneficial to the inter layer bonding. The sintered zirconia ceramic samples with 99% of theoretical density of the 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and flexural strength of 890 ± 60 MPa was obtained. A set of zirconia ceramic parts with complex geometries and controllable dimensional accuracy was also successfully prepared for demonstrating the potential of the technique.
The exceptionally widespread outbreak of human monkeypox, an emerging zoonosis caused by the
(MPXV), with more than 69,000 confirmed cases in 100 non-endemic countries since 2022, is a major public ...health concern. Codon usage patterns reflect genetic variation and adaptation to new hosts and ecological niches. However, detailed analyses of codon usage bias in MPXV based on large-scale genomic data, especially for strains responsible for the 2022 outbreak, are lacking. In this study, we analyzed codon usage in MPXV and its relationship with host adaptation. We confirmed the ongoing outbreak of MPXVs belonging to the West Africa (WA) lineage by principal component analysis based on their codon usage patterns. The 2022 outbreak strains had a relatively low codon usage bias. Codon usage of MPXVs was shaped by mutation and natural selection; however, different from past strains, codon usage in the 2022 outbreak strains was predominantly determined by mutation pressure. Additionally, as revealed by the codon adaptation index (CAI), relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI), and similarity index (SiD) analyses, the codon usage patterns of MPXVs were also affected by their hosts. In particular, the 2022 outbreak strains showed slightly but significantly greater adaptation to many primates, including humans, and were subjected to stronger selection pressure induced by hosts. Our results suggest that MPXVs contributing to the 2022 outbreak have unique evolutionary features, emphasizing the importance of sustained monitoring of their transmission and evolution.
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