High‐entropy (HE) materials, celebrated for their extraordinary chemical and physical properties, have garnered increasing attention for their broad applications across diverse disciplines. The ...expansive compositional range of these materials allows for nuanced tuning of their properties and innovative structural designs. Recent advances have been centered on their versatile photothermal conversion capabilities, effective across the full solar spectrum (300–2500 nm). The HE effect, coupled with hysteresis diffusion, imparts these materials with desirable thermal and chemical stability. These attributes position HE materials as a revolutionary alternative to traditional photothermal materials, signifying a transformative shift in photothermal technology. This review delivers a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding HE photothermal materials, emphasizing the intricate relationship between their compositions, structures, light‐absorbing mechanisms, and optical properties. Furthermore, the review outlines the notable advances in HE photothermal materials, emphasizing their contributions to areas, such as solar water evaporation, personal thermal management, solar thermoelectric generation, catalysis, and biomedical applications. The review culminates in presenting a roadmap that outlines prospective directions for future research in this burgeoning field, and also outlines fruitful ways to develop advanced HE photothermal materials and to expand their promising applications.
This review delves into high‐entropy photothermal materials, highlighting their advantages, recent progress, and wide‐ranging applications in energy, environment, and healthcare. Structured to deepen understanding from basic principles to advanced uses, it sheds light on research trends, challenges, and future directions, making it a key resource for researchers across various scientific disciplines.
Spatial damage identification is of great significance in mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineering. In this study, a data coupling method based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is proposed ...to identify the spatial damage location of beam-type structures. The singularity of the wavelet coefficient can be used to identify the signal singularity, and data coupling method calculates the spatial location of the damage. Numerical simulations and experimental analyses of different type of beams with transfixion damage are carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the method. The results show that the wavelet based data coupling method (W-DCM) can identify the minimum 4.9% damage severity of fixed beam and continuous beam, and can also identify the damage of non-free end of cantilever beam. However, the 9.7% damage severity of the free end of the cantilever beam cannot be identified. It is also found that the W-DCM can effectively circumvent the problem of wavelet coefficients edge effect. This method and wavelet singularity are used to provide a solution to the problem of structural edge damage identification.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND
Stevia has been proposed as a potential antidiabetic sweetener, mainly based on inconsistent results from stevioside or the plant extract, yet lacking relative experimental evidence from ...individual steviol glycosides (SGs) and their metabolites.
RESULTS
The results systematically revealed that the typical SGs and their final metabolite (steviol) presented an antidiabetic effect on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice in all assayed antidiabetic aspects. In general, the performance strength of the samples followed the sequence steviol > steviol glucosyl ester > steviolbioside > rubusoside > stevioside > rebaudioside A, which is opposite to their sweetness strength order, and generally in accordance with the glucosyl group numbers in their molecules. This may imply that the antidiabetic effect of the SGs might be achieved through steviol, which presented antidiabetic performance similar to that of metformin with a dose of 1/20 that of metformin. Moreover, the 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose traced micro‐PET experiment revealed that stevioside and steviol could increase the uptake of glucose in the myocardium and brain of the diabetic mice within 60 min, and decrease the accumulation of glucose in the liver and kidney.
CONCLUSIONS
The SGs and steviol presented an antidiabetic effect on STZ diabetic mice in all assayed aspects, with an induction time to start the effect of the SGs. Stevioside and steviol could increase uptake of glucose in the myocardium and brain of the diabetic mice, and decrease accumulation of glucose in the liver and kidney. The performance strength of the SGs is generally in accordance with glucosyl group numbers in their molecules.
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•By analyzing the effective stress of the notch, this study reveals that the support effect is variable.•Considering variable support effects in relative stress gradient model and ...combining iterative procedure can predict notch fatigue life well.•Proposed model outperforms conventional relative stress gradient model and critical distance method in describes size effect.
As the notch location of engineered components suffers from size effect, thereby making it difficult to accurately predict the fatigue life of engineered components. This study briefly analyses the limitations of the traditional relative stress gradient model for analyzing the fatigue life of notched members. Subsequently, a relative stress gradient model with variable support effects is proposed. The fatigue data of various notched specimens with different materials were employed to verify the performance of the proposed model for size effect. The results show that the proposed model has satisfactory predictive performance. Compared with the conventional relative stress gradient model and critical distance method,the proposed model exhibited superior predictive capabilities.
To obtain a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) material with highly thermal stability and flame retardance properties, a novel P(AN‐co‐DMVP) copolymers were successfully synthesized by randomly ...copolymerization. According to thermogravimetry analysis, it revealed that incorporating dimethyl vinylphosphonate (DMVP) into the PAN chains can perform outstanding thermal stability. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen index increased from 18.6% to 30.0% with addition of 22.6 wt% DMVP. The results of cone calorimetry tests certified that the peak‐heat release peak and total heat release of P(AN‐co‐DMVP22.6) were remarkably dropped by 70% and 33%, respectively, suggesting excellent flame retardance. The relationship between copolymer structures and flame‐retardant performance was systematically investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis‐Fourier transform infrared and Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A comprehensive flame‐retardant mechanism has been proposed that DMVP plays a role in both the gaseous phase and the condensed phase.
During combustion, some of the phosphorus‐containing compound were released in the gaseous phase. The rest of phosphorus groups could create sufficient nucleophilicity to attack the nitrile groups of polymers and hence promote the cyclization reaction in the condensed phase. Both of the condensed‐phase and gaseous‐phase effects played important roles in the flame‐retardant PAN copolymers.
Chromatin is traditionally viewed as a nuclear entity that regulates gene expression and silencing. However, we recently discovered the presence of cytoplasmic chromatin fragments that pinch off from ...intact nuclei of primary cells during senescence, a form of terminal cell-cycle arrest associated with pro-inflammatory responses. The functional significance of chromatin in the cytoplasm is unclear. Here we show that cytoplasmic chromatin activates the innate immunity cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase linked to stimulator of interferon genes) pathway, leading both to short-term inflammation to restrain activated oncogenes and to chronic inflammation that associates with tissue destruction and cancer. The cytoplasmic chromatin-cGAS-STING pathway promotes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in primary human cells and in mice. Mice deficient in STING show impaired immuno-surveillance of oncogenic RAS and reduced tissue inflammation upon ionizing radiation. Furthermore, this pathway is activated in cancer cells, and correlates with pro-inflammatory gene expression in human cancers. Overall, our findings indicate that genomic DNA serves as a reservoir to initiate a pro-inflammatory pathway in the cytoplasm in senescence and cancer. Targeting the cytoplasmic chromatin-mediated pathway may hold promise in treating inflammation-related disorders.
The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea
. However, recent culture-independent studies ...have suggested that the archaeon 'Candidatus Methanoliparum' alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis
. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C
) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C
) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum
in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
Background
Alterations of 11q23/KMT2A are the most prevalent cytogenetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the prognostic significance of 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML based on various ...translocation partners varies among different studies. However, few studies evaluated the molecular characteristics of 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged pediatric AML. We aim to analyze the mutational landscape of 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML and assess their prognostic value in outcomes.
Methods
The mutational landscape and clinical prognosis of 105 children with 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML in comparison with 277 children with non‐11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML were analyzed using publicly accessible next‐generation sequencing data from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) dataset.
Results
Pediatric AML patients with 11q23/KMT2A‐rearrangements harbored a low number of mutations (Median, 1 mutation/patient, range, 1‐22), 58% of which involved in RAS pathway mutations (KRAS, NRAS, and PTPN11) and 10.5% of which comprised of SETD2 mutations. Compared with non‐11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML, the incidence of KRAS (32.4% vs. 10.1%, P〈0.001) and SETD2 (10.5% vs. 1.4%, P=0.001) gene mutations in 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML was significantly higher. Both KRAS and SETD2 mutations occurred more often in t(10;11)(p12;q23). KRAS mutations were correlated with worse 5‐year event‐free survival EFS (Plog‐rank = 0.001) and 5‐year overall survival OS (Plog‐rank = 0.009) and the presence of SETD2 mutations increases the 5‐year relapse rate (PGray = 0.004). Multivariate analyses confirmed KRAS mutations in 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML as an independent predictor for poor EFS (hazard ratio HR = 2.10, P=0.05) and OS (HR = 2.39, P=0.054).
Conclusion
Our findings show that pediatric patients with 11q23/KMT2A rearrangements have characteristic mutation patterns and varying clinical outcomes depending on different translocation partners, which could be utilized to develop more accurate risk stratification and tailored therapies.
For 11q23/KMT2A‐rearranged AML pediatric patients with FAB‐M5 morphology, patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23) demonstrated improved outcomes compared to those with other 11q23/KMT2A rearrangements. Patients with 11q23/KMT2A rearrangements have characteristic mutation patterns and varying clinical outcomes depending on different translocation partners.
Monitoring solutions using the Internet of Things (IoT) techniques, can continuously gather sensory data, such as temperature and pressure, and provide abundant information for a monitoring center. ...Nevertheless, the heterogeneous and massive data bring significant challenges to real-time monitoring and decision making, particularly in time-sensitive industrial environments. This paper presents an online monitoring system based on an IoT system architecture which is composed of four layers: 1) sensing; 2) network; 3) service resource; and 4) application layers. It integrates various data processing techniques including protocol conversion, data filtering, and data conversion. The proposed system has been implemented and demonstrated through a real continuous steel casting production line, and integrated with the TeamCenter platform. Results indicate that the proposed solution well addresses the challenge of heterogeneous data and multiple communication protocols in real-world industrial environments.
SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogenic agent of COVID-19, which has evolved into a global pandemic. Compared with some other respiratory RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a poor inducer of type I interferon (IFN). ...Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), suppresses host antiviral responses. SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 attenuated Sendai virus (SeV)- or poly(I:C)-induced IFN-β promoter activation in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited IFN promoter activation triggered by RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, and IRF3 overexpression. Nsp12 did not impair IRF3 phosphorylation but suppressed the nuclear translocation of IRF3. Mutational analyses suggested that this suppression was not dependent on the polymerase activity of nsp12. Given these findings, our study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 RdRp can antagonize host antiviral innate immunity and thus provides insights into viral pathogenesis.
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