The combination of transition‐metal catalysis and organocatalysis increasingly offers chemists opportunities to realize diverse unprecedented chemical transformations. By combining iridium with ...chiral thiourea catalysis, direct enantioselective reductive cyanation and phosphonylation of secondary amides have been accomplished for the first time for the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral α‐aminonitriles and α‐aminophosphonates. The protocol is highly efficient and enantioselective, providing a novel route to the synthesis of optically active α‐functionalized amines from the simple, readily available feedstocks. In addition, the reactions are scalable and the thiourea catalyst can be recycled and reused.
The first enantioselective reductive cyanation and phosphonylation of secondary amides have been achieved by the combination of iridium with chiral thiourea catalysis. The protocol is highly efficient and enantioselective, providing a novel route for the synthesis of optically active α‐aminonitriles and α‐aminophosphonates from bench‐stable feedstocks.
Based on the Tf2O‐mediated intermolecular reaction of secondary amides with enamines derived from ketones, a novel approach to β‐enaminones has been developed. The reaction is widely functional group ...tolerant and highly chemoselective. In the presence of 4 Å molecular sieves, the method can be extended to the one‐pot condensation of secondary amides with ketones for NH β‐enaminones synthesis.
A novel approach to β‐enaminones has been developed, based on a Tf2O‐mediated reaction of secondary amides with ketones enamines. The method can be extended to the one‐pot condensation of secondary amides with ketones for β‐enaminones synthesis.
We present a scheme for implementing tripartite controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit entanglement state with the genuine pentaqubit entangled state and generate the quantum channel and ...then demonstrated the feasibility of probabilistic controlled teleportation in cavity QED. We also used fidelity and concurrence to quantify the efficiency of the protocol in noisy environment. Several noise scenarios are investigated in which the bit of the controller and the receiver are subjected to the same or different types of noise. The result has shown that in some specially noise scenario, lower fidelity means higher entanglement for output state and it also exhibits more noise which leads to more efficiency for entanglement.
Dalbergia odorifera T. C. Chen (Leguminosae), a rare and endangered tree species endemic to Hainan Island of China, produces the most expensive and rarest wood in China. The wood characteristics of ...D. odorifera are remarkably similar to those of D. tonkinensis (a much less sought‐after species from Vietnam), and the DNA from wood is often highly degraded, making it very difficult to identify the two species using anatomical features or DNA barcoding based on regular DNA markers. To solve the confusion of identifying wood reliably from the two species, we built and analyzed the plastome library of 26 samples from 18 Dalbergia species, of which 12 samples from eight closely related species of D. odorifera are newly sequenced in this study. Phylogenomic analysis suggested that the relationships among the 26 samples are mostly well resolved, and conspecific individuals from different populations of D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis clustered together. Between the plastid genomes of the two species, we identified 129 indels and 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms. By assessing a subset of 20 nucleotide polymorphisms and 10 indels using 37 population‐level samples (20 samples of D. odorifera and 17 samples of D. tonkinensis), we recovered eight species‐specific barcode regions that could be suitable for identifying the wood D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis. To examine their utility in wood identification, we amplified the eight DNA barcodes using six wood samples and recovered an amplification success rate of 83.3%, demonstrating a reliable method for precise wood identification of the two species.
We present two schemes for deterministic assisted clone(DAC) of an unknown two- and three-qubit entangled states with assistance via muti-qubit Brown state. In the schemes, the sender wish to ...teleport an unknown original entangled state which from the state preparer, and then create a perfect copy of the unknown state at her place. The DAC schemes include two stages. The first stage requires teleportation with Bell-state measurements via a five-qubit Brown state(or seven-qubit Brown state) as the quantum channel. In the second stage, to help the sender realize the quantum cloning, the state preparer performs projective measurements on their own particles which from the sender, then the sender can acquire a perfect copy of the unknown state by means of some appropriate unitary operations. Furthermore, the total success probability for assisted cloning a perfect copy of the unknown state can reach 1 in our schemes.
Parasitoids represent a potential tool to control the invasive spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, which has invaded Europe and America, recently. A good example is the pupal parasitoid, ...Trichopria drosophilae, would be an effective biocontrol agent. Populations of D. suzukii, and T. drosophilae were collected from a blueberry orchard in East China and reared in the laboratory at 25°C. Life table and population growth data for T. drosophilae were obtained using D. suzukii pupae as a host. Mean adult longevity was 22.40d and 26.45d, for females and males respectively. The mean oviposition period was 18.20d. The daily mean parasitization rate was 9.47% per female when 30 hosts were daily provided. The total number of T. drosophilae offspring throughout a lifetime was 63.45 per female, and the female offspring proportion was 65.06%. The intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase were 0.18 and 1.19, respectively. The generation time and the population doubling time were 21.29d and 3.91d, respectively. Our results suggest that T. drosophilae population differed among populations in population growth parameters, and those from China also has the parasitism potential to control D. suzukii.
Drosophila suzukii can lay eggs in such soft and thin skinned fruits as blueberries, and causes great economic damage worldwide. Trichopria drosophilae from East China can parasitize D. suzukii pupae and use it as hosts to complete life history. Display omitted
•A standard life table was constructed for Trichopria drosophilae from East China.•Drosophila suzukii pupae reared in laboratory can be used by the parasitoid as hosts.•Parameters regarding reproduction and population increase were obtained.•The parasitoid showed high demographic potential to control the pest insect.
Magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC), made of sintered magnesium oxide and potassium phosphate, is a new material for construction and structural repair. It possesses high early strength and ...bond capacity, low drying shrinkage, excellent fire resistance and compatibility with concrete. These characteristics render it an ideal material for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study developed a MKPC-based textile reinforced cementitious composite (TRCC) to strengthen RC beams at soffit. Three-point flexural tests were conducted on two control specimens without strengthening and two strengthened specimens. Experimental results showed that the TRCC system exhibits good bonding with substrate concrete. The strengthened specimens failed due to rupture of textile meshes in TRCC. TRCC could improve load capacity by 4–25%, postpone propagation of cracks, reduce tensile strain of main reinforcement and reduce deflection of beams at the same load level. High relative textile ratios contributed to the load resistance while impaired the ductility of strengthened beams. Design formulae are proposed to predict the flexural capacity of beams strengthened by MKPC-based TRCC, and reasonable prediction close to experimental results can be obtained from the formulae.
In their paper, authors first illustrated that a trait for an elevated level of serum total IgE was co-inherited with a trait for bronchial hyperresponsiveness and that a gene governing bronchial ...hyperresponsiveness is located near a major locus that regulates serum IgE levels on chromosome 5q. ...the journals use different approaches to accept or reject a submitted manuscript. ...particular journals could have stricter selection criteria that might affect the clinical applicability or quality of their publications. ...challenges and problems might arise from citation counts, such as ignoring potential citations in book chapters, considering self-citations, peers' preference to cite papers from the journal they submit their article, and preference to cite review articles or full-length articles. Financial support and sponsorship This study was supported by grants from National Science Foundation of China (No.81570020), Science and Technology Development Fund of Pudong New Area (No.PKJ2016-Y49), Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project Foundation (No.2016C33216), Key Research Project of Educational Commission of Hunan Province (No.16A152), and Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.
Millettia and Derris are two taxonomically complicated genera of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae), and when only flowering material is available they are not easily distinguished from each other. ...A critical examination of literature and specimens as well as a field survey show that Millettia sapindifolia T. C. Chen, a Chinese species described on the basis of two flowering collections, is conspecific with Derris yunnanensis Chun & F. C. How. The two are closely similar in various characters, such as the inflorescence type, monadelphous stamens, branches with longitudinal ridges, and size, shape, number and hairiness of leaflets. Therefore, the former is here reduced to a synonym of the latter.
It is well-known that individual diversity is a typical feature within the collective population. To model this kind of characteristics, we propose an evolutionary model of public goods game with two ...types of players (named as A and B), where players are located on the sites of a square lattice satisfying the periodic boundary conditions. The evolution of the strategy distribution is governed by iterated strategy adoption from a randomly selected neighbor with a probability, which not only depends on the payoff difference between players, but also on the type of the neighbor. For B-type agents, we pose a pre-factor (0<w<10<w<1) to the strategy transfer probability, which implies the lower teaching activity or strategy convincing performance; but ww is always set to be 1 for A-type agents, hence it means that A-type players are influential ones who own a larger strategy spreading chance. Furthermore, we also consider the competition between two opposite effects when the number of nearest neighbors (kk) is increased from 4 to 24. Within a range of the portion of A-type influential players, the inhomogeneous teaching activity in strategy transfer yields a relevant increase (dependent on ww) in the density of cooperators characterizing the promotion of cooperation. Current findings are of utmost importance for us to understand the evolution of cooperation under many real-world circumstances, such as the natural, biological, economic and even social systems.
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