Background The advantageous survival outcome of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting (BIMA) has been well established. However, this meta-analysis aims to make clear whether BIMA grafting ...increases the risk of sternal wound infection (SWI) when compared with single internal mammary artery grafting (SIMA). Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The observational studies reporting a comparison between SIMA and BIMA were included. The outcome of interest was the risk of SWI. Literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed. Sensitivity and publication bias were also assessed in this research. Results We identified 4,701 titles and included 32 studies finally. The meta-analysis showed that the risk of SWI in the BIMA group was higher (relative risk RR 0.62, 95% confidence interval CI 0.55 to 0.71) than that in the SIMA group. Moreover, BIMA grafting was also associated with a higher risk of SWI in diabetic patients (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.81) as well as elderly patients (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.62). When skeletonization technique was adopted, the risk of SWI in BIMA patients was just a little higher than that in SIMA patients, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.31). Conclusions The BIMA grafting increases the risk of SWI when compared with SIMA grafting. This adverse effect further extends to diabetic and elderly patients. As regarding the method of procurement, skeletonized BIMA is safe and effective, thus it should be the procedure recommended.
The collapse mechanism of dual-structure vegetation riverbanks at different water levels is unclear. A method for calculating the critical collapse width of a dual-structure vegetation bank under ...different failure modes that consider the variations in river and groundwater levels and the influence of vegetation roots is proposed. Combined with the influence of flow lateral erosion and slope toe accumulation, a calculation model of riverbank stability was established. The results show that shear failure is the main failure mode when the cohesive soil layer on a dual-structure bank is thick, and the critical collapse width of the bank with root soil is higher than that of the soil bank. The critical collapse width of the bank varied with the water level during different water level periods. Compared with a soil riverbank, a rooted soil riverbank can significantly prolong the bank collapse time. The collapse width of a soil bank without vegetation roots is smaller than that of a rooted soil bank, and the cumulative collapse width is related to calculation time. The greater the thickness of rooted soil, the slower the decay rate of bank stability under water flow erosion.
Background Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) often develop a poor prognosis. Currently, researches on prognostic and immunotherapeutic capacity of aneuploidy-related genes in LUAD are limited. ...Methods Genes related to aneuploidy were screened based on bulk RNA sequencing data from public databases using Spearman method. Next, univariate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were performed to establish an aneuploidy-related riskscore (ARS) model. Results derived from bioinformatics analysis were further validated using cellular experiments. In addition, typical LUAD cells were identified by subtype clustering, followed by SCENIC and intercellular communication analyses. Finally, ESTIMATE, ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms were employed to analyze the potential relationship between ARS and tumor immune environment. Results A five-gene ARS signature was developed. These genes were abnormally high-expressed in LUAD cell lines, and in particular the high expression of CKS1B promoted the proliferative, migratory and invasive phenotypes of LUAD cell lines. Low ARS group had longer overall survival time, higher degrees of inflammatory infiltration, and could benefit more from receiving immunotherapy. Patients in low ASR group responded more actively to traditional chemotherapy drugs (Erlotinib and Roscovitine). The scRNA-seq analysis annotated 17 cell subpopulations into seven cell clusters. Core transcription factors (TFs) such as CREB3L1 and CEBPD were enriched in high ARS cell group, while TFs such as BCLAF1 and UQCRB were enriched in low ARS cell group. CellChat analysis revealed that high ARS cell groups communicated with immune cells via SPP1 (ITGA4-ITGB1) and MK (MDK-NCl) signaling pathways. Conclusion In this research, integrative analysis based on the ARS model provided a potential direction for improving the diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.
Background/Aims: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) belong to mesenchymal stem cells and may play a potential role as seeding cells in stem cell transplantation. To be able to exploit stem cells as ...therapeutic tool, their defects in some important cellular functions, such as low survival rate and cellular activity, should be considered. This is especially the case for stem cells that are intended for transplantation. Of note, stem cell responses to hormones should be considered since estrogen is known to play a critical role in stem cell behavior. However, different impacts of the estrogen receptor (ER) types α and β have not been fully determined in ASC function. In this study, we investigated effects of ERα and ERβ on ASC proliferation, migration, as well as in adipogenesis. Methods: ASCs obtained from mice were cultured with 100nM ERα or ERβ agonist PPT and DPN, respectively. The ERα and ERβ antagonist ICI 182,780 (100nM) was used as control. Results: Compared to ERβ, ERα appears more potent in improving ASC proliferation and migration. Investigation of adipogenesis revealed that ERβ played a significant role in suppressing ASC-mediated brown tissue adipogenesis which is in contrast to ERα. These results correlated with reduced mRNA expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. Conclusions: ERα plays a more critical role in promoting ASC proliferation and migration while ERβ is more potent in suppressing ASC brown adipose tissue differentiation mediated by decreased UCP-1, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ expression.
This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medication Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) on adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) in bilateral ...ovariectomized (OVX) female mice.
Eight-week old female C57BL/6 mice were operated to ligate the left anterior descending coronary artery seven days after bilateral ovariectomy and were orally administered either QLQX or vehicle. 21 days after ligation, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the heart function of all mice. Masson's Trichrome staining was applied to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. Collagen deposition was determined by the mRNA level of Collagen I, Collagen III and α-SMA using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Myocardial apoptosis was examined by the protein level of Bax, Bcl2 and the Bcl2/Bax ratio using western blotting.
These mice displayed a significant reduction in heart function, increased myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, and decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the heart tissue, which could be reversed by QLQX treatment. Inhibition of PPAR reduced QLQX-mediated cardio-protective effects, while PPARγ activation did not further enhance the beneficial effect of QLQX. Furthermore, QLQX upregulated 9 genes (Cd36, Fatp, Pdk4, Acadm, Acadl, Acadvl, Cpt1a, Cpt1b and Cpt2) facilitating energy metabolism in the MI hearts of the OVX mice and 5 (Acadm, Acadl, Cpt1a, Cpt1b, Cpt2) of the 9 genes were the downstream targets of PPARγ.
The present study indicates that QLQX has a treatment effect on pathological remodeling post MI in bilateral OVX female mice via activation of PPARγ, suggesting that QLQX may be a promising prescription for the treatment of postmenopausal women suffering from MI.
In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, the computing power displayed by quantum computing hardware may be more advantageous than classical computers, but the emergence of the barren ...plateau (BP) has hindered quantum computing power and cannot solve large-scale problems. This summary analyzes the phenomenon of the BP in the quantum neural network that is rapidly developing in the NISQ era. This article will review the research status of the BP problem in the quantum neural network (QNN) in the past five years from the analysis of the source of the BP, the current stage solution, and the future research direction. First of all, the source of the BP was briefly explained and then classified the BP solution from different perspectives, including quantum embedding in QNN, ansatz parameter selection and structural design, and optimization algorithms. Finally, the BP problem in the QNN is summarized, and the research direction for solving problems in the future is made.
BACKGROUNDPrior reports regarding the pathologic anatomy for congenital vertical talus have noted some disagreement as to which elements of the pathologic anatomy are consistently present. The ...purpose of his study is to evaluate the 3-dimensional morphologic changes and pathoanatomy of the congenital vertical talus using magnetic resonance imaging.
METHODSNine patients with congenital vertical talus (ranging from 5 mo-11 y) underwent magnetic resonance imaging of both feet. A foot and ankle coil was used for the 1.5 T system. The protocol consisted of T1-weighted spin echo sequence image and T2-weighted fast spin echo sequence image in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes. Slice thickness ranged from 3 to 4 mm with 0 to 1.0 mm interspace thickness. A descriptive analysis was performed based upon the T1-weighted image by physicians.
RESULTSAt the level of the talonavicular joint, the navicular was seen significantly subluxed dorsally with associated wedging of the navicular. At the level of the calcaneocuboid joint, often there was a significant dorsal subluxation of the cuboid in relation to the calcaneus. Lateral obliquity of the calcaneocuboid joint could be present to varying degrees. The anterior calcaneus was significantly laterally displaced in relation to the talar head with an element of lateral translation and eversion of the calcaneus at the subtalar joint. Distal cavus at the cuneiform-first metatarsal joint was observed in 5 patients.
CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that there is significant pathology at the level of subtalar joint in congenital vertical talus. In addition to satisfactory reduction of the talonavicular joint, methods to ensure realignment of the calcaneus under the talus may be a crucial component of deformity correction and to prevent recurrence of deformity.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCEA Level III diagnostic study using normal pediatric foot anatomy in magnetic resonance imaging as a reference.
Objective To compare the safety of procedure in patients receiving right internal mammary artery (RIMA) versus radial artery (RA) as the second arterial graft during left internal mammary artery ...bypass surgery. Methods A literature search was performed, and observational studies comparing RA and RIMA as a second arterial conduit were included. The end points included in-hospital mortality, sternal wound infection (SWI), myocardial infarction (MI), reoperation for bleeding, stroke and low cardiac output syndrome. Sensitivity analysis was performed, and publication bias was assessed. Results Analysis of nine studies comprising 1,738 RIMA patients and 1,906 RA patients showed a similar risk of in-hospital mortality (relative risk RR 1.13, 95% confidence interval CI 0.64 to 1.98) between two groups. The risk of SWI in RIMA patients was significantly higher than that in RA patients (RR 3.19, 95% CI 1.64 to 6.20). The risk of the rest end points did not differ. Conclusions The postoperative risk seems to be similar between RIMA group and RA group, except the higher risk of SWI in RIMA patients. The surgeon relies on his own experience with these two arterial grafts and assessment of the patient profile to decide the choice of the second arterial conduit.
With the rapid development of quantum machine learning (QML), quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNN) have been proposed and shown advantages in classification problems. An intrusion detection ...system (IDS) based on the QML method is proven to have higher accuracy than IDS based on the traditional machine learning (ML) method. However, the multiple convolution pooling operations of QCNN will cause the loss of valuable data features, resulting in a large error in the final measurement results. In this paper, we design an IDS model of QCNN based on a variational quantum neural network (VQNN), which can effectively reduce data feature loss and improve detection accuracy. We compare this model with traditional ML models such as artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT). Experiment results show that the accuracy of our proposed model is 94.51%, which is higher than other classical IDS models.
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