Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most consumed mushroom species, as it serves as a high-quality food, favors a rich secondary metabolism, and has remarkable adaptability to the environment and ...predators. In this study, we investigated the function of two key reactive oxygen species producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (PoNoxA and PoNoxB) in P. ostreatus hyphae growth, metabolite production, signaling pathway activation, and immune responses to different stresses. Characterization of the Nox mutants showed that PoNoxB played an important role in the hyphal formation of the multicellular structure, while PoNoxA regulated apical dominance. The ability of P. ostreatus to tolerate a series of abiotic stress conditions (e.g., osmotic, oxidative, membrane, and cell-wall stresses) and mechanical damage repair was enhanced with PoNoxA over-expression. PoNoxB had a greater responsibility in regulating the polysaccharide composition of the cell wall and methyl jasmonate and gibberellin GA1 biosynthesis, and improved mushroom resistance against Tyrophagus putrescentiae . Moreover, mutants were involved in the jasmonate and GA signaling pathway, and toxic protein defense metabolite production. Our findings shed light on how the oyster mushroom senses stress signals and responds to adverse environments by the complex regulators of Noxs.
Abstract
Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales have been popular among Chinese readers since they were introduced to China
through translation a century ago. This paper studies the translation of ...Andersen’s fairy tales in China by focusing on prominent
Chinese translators of Andersen and their landmark translations. Regarding translation as a social activity, the author attempts
to interpret the behaviour of the translator in terms of the historical context in which it occurred, as well as the corresponding
ideology of literature. It is argued that the language styles and translating strategies adopted by the translators of different
ages have varied according to the translator’s understanding of the original works, his purpose of translating, the publishers’
interests and the readers’ expectations in the target culture, as well as the image of Andersen constructed in the socio-cultural
context from which the translation emerged. Therefore, the translation practice, which has contributed to the canonization of
Andersen in China, is a process of the translators’ negotiations with the fluid Chinese poetics and ideology of the 20th
century.
CO2 hydrogenation to methanol can play an important role in meeting the sustainability goals of the chemical industry. In this study, we investigated in detail the role of the Cu–CeO2 interactions ...for methanol synthesis, emphasizing the role of the copper surface and interface sites between copper and ceria for the hydrogenation of CO2 and CO. A combined CO2–N2O titration approach was developed to quantify the exposed metallic copper sites and ceria oxygen vacancies in reduced Cu/CeO2 catalysts. Extensive characterization shows that copper dispersion is strongly enhanced by strong Cu–CeO2 interactions in comparison to Cu/SiO2. CO2 hydrogenation activity data show that the Cu/CeO2 catalysts displayed higher methanol selectivity compared to a reference Cu/SiO2 catalyst. The improved methanol selectivity stems from inhibition of the reverse water-gas-shift activity. The role of CO in CO2-to-methanol conversion was studied by steady-state and transient cofeeding activity measurements together with (quasi) in situ characterization (TPH, XPS, SSITKA, and IR spectroscopy). The Cu–CeO2 interface provides active sites for the direct hydrogenation of CO to methanol via a formyl intermediate. Cofeeding of small amounts of CO2 to a CO/H2 mixture poisons these interfacial sites due to the formation of carbonate-like species. Methanol synthesis proceeds mainly via CO2 hydrogenation in which the metallic Cu surface provides the active sites.
The molecular mechanism underlying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) malignancy remains unclear. Here, we characterize a long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC00842 that plays a role in PDAC ...progression. LINC00842 expression is upregulated in PDAC and induced by high concentration of glucose via transcription factor YY1. LINC00842 binds to and prevents acetylated PGC-1α from deacetylation by deacetylase SIRT1 to form PGC-1α, an important transcription co-factor in regulating cellular metabolism. LINC00842 overexpression causes metabolic switch from mitochondrial oxidative catabolic process to fatty acid synthesis, enhancing the malignant phenotypes of PDAC cells. High LINC00842 levels are correlated with elevated acetylated- PGC-1α levels in PDAC and poor patient survival. Decreasing LINC00842 level and inhibiting fatty acid synthase activity significantly repress PDAC growth and invasiveness in mouse pancreatic xenograft or patient-derived xenograft models. These results demonstrate that LINC00842 plays a role in promoting PDAC malignancy and thus might serve as a druggable target.
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐X‐inactive‐specific transcript (TSIX) expression is upregulated in spinal cord tissues following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the role of lncRNA‐TSIX in SCI remains ...elusive. SCI animal model was established using C57BL/6 mice. LncRNA TSIX and miR‐532‐3p expression were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR). Apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration were evaluated by transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, CCK‐8, and Transwell assays, respectively. The interaction of miR‐532‐3p with lncRNA TSIX and DDOST was explored via a dual‐luciferase reporter system. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining and the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating (BBB) scale were performed to investigate SCI progression. The expression of the lncRNA TSIX was found to be significantly upregulated in the serum of SCI patients and spinal cord tissues of SCI mice. The overexpression of lncRNA TSIX enhanced spinal cord neural stem cell (SC‐NSC) proliferation and migration in vitro while inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in vivo. Moreover, lncRNA TSIX acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐532‐3p, and the knockdown of miR‐532‐3p promoted proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis of SC‐NSCs. Moreover, DDOST was found to be the downstream target of miR‐532‐3p, and DDOST overexpression showed a similar effect as miR‐532‐3p silencing on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of SC‐NSCs. Furthermore, we found that lncRNA TSIX overexpression promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. LncRNA TSIX aggravates SCI by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR‐532‐3p/DDOST axis, indicating potential applications for targeted therapy of SCI regeneration.
Cortical spreading depression (CSD), based on its similarities with peri‐infarct depolarization, is an ideal model for investigating transformation from the ischemic penumbra to infarct core. ...However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemic‐reperfusion (I/R) injury model to determine whether AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐dependent autophagy contributes to the neuroprotection of CSD preconditioning in rat cortex. In this study, we topically applied a pledget soaked in 1 mol/L KCl solution on rat cortex for 2 h to elicite CSD or 1 mol/L NaCl solution as a control. The results demonstrated that CSD preconditioning significantly decreased the infarct volume, neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis in the cortical penumbra of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats, which was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA, 200 nmol). Furthermore, CSD increased the protein levels of the autophagy markers LC3‐II, Beclin‐1 and the p‐AMPK (Thr172)/AMPK ratio at 12 h and decreased P62 and p‐P70S6K (Thr389). Moreover, the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 mg/kg) down‐regulated the LC3‐II, p‐AMPK (Thr172)/AMPK and ULK1 levels, up‐regulated the P62 and p‐P70S6K (Thr389) levels induced by CSD. The neuroprotection of CSD is likely a result of AMPK‐mediated autophagy activity and autophagy‐induced neuronal cells apoptosis inhibition. These novel findings support a central role for AMPK and autophagy in CSD‐induced ischemic tolerance. AMPK‐mediated autophagy may represent a new target for stroke.
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a novel model to investigate transformation from the ischemic penumbra to the infarct core, also called CSD preconditioning. We propose that SCD preconditioning could induce autophagy through AMPK‐mTOR signaling and decrease the infarct volume, ameliorate neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis in the cortical penumbra of rats subject to middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO.
As an important component of the deep tunnel drainage system for dealing with urban waterlogging, the rotating stepped dropshaft has been proposed due to its small air entrainment. However, the ...hydraulic characteristics inside the shaft still need to be fully studied. In this study, the flow patterns, water velocity, and pressure in the rotating stepped dropshaft under different flow rates and geometric parameters were studied using a three-dimensional numerical model. The results show that increasing the central angle of the step and reducing the step height can both reduce the terminal velocity. A theoretical formula for predicting the terminal velocity was established and well validated. The connection between the shaft and the outlet pipe poses a severe threat to the structural safety due to alternating positive and negative pressures. Wall-attached swirling flow generates a circular high-pressure zone at the bottom of the dropshaft and the larger the flow rate, the greater the pressure gradient at the center of the bottom. By using the momentum theorem and considering the impact pressure range of the swirling flow, the shaft bottom pressure can be predicted reasonably well.
Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a common minimally invasive surgery for herpes zoster (HZ)-related pain, including acute zoster pain and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN); ...however, some patients still have no obvious pain relief, a high recurrence rate, and short-term recurrence. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) has a higher temperature; however, it is still unknown whether the degree of complete damage will affect the recurrence rate and if there is any difference compared with the effect of PRF.
This study mainly aimed to explore whether there was a difference in the recurrence rate following CT-guided PRF and RF-TC for HZ-related pain. This is also a preliminary exploration of RF-TC for treatment of HZ-related pain.
A retrospective cohort study.
The study was carried out in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University in Jiaxing, China.
We included a total of 134 patients who underwent CT-guided PRF or RF-TC for HZ-related pain in the pain department. Medical records related to relapse, numerical rating scale scores (NRSs), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), adverse events, and satisfaction were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the cumulative survival rates of the surgical procedures. After controlling for related confounders, the relationship of surgical procedure and recurrence rate was analyzed by interval-censored multivariable Cox regression. A time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the signature's predictive capacity. A nomogram was used to predict postoperative recurrence. Multiple imputations was used to deal with the randomly missing data. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze NRSs and PSQI at each time interval, and multiple comparisons were made.
In 134 patients with HZ-related pain, the ratio of patients receiving PRF to those receiving RF-TC was 1:1. Interval-censored multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that lesion space (1-2% / ref: adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.075; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.002-4.210; > 2% / ref: adjusted HR, 3.406; 95% CI, 1.670 - 6.950), pain grade (adjusted HR, 2.249; 95% CI, 1.221 - 4.143) and surgical procedure (adjusted HR, 2.392; 95% CI, 1.308 - 4.375) were significantly associated with a higher risk of the primary outcome. There were 20 cases of recurrence in RF-TC group, while there were 30 cases in PRF group. The short-term (within 3 months) postoperative recurrence rate was 14.93% in the RF-TC group and 37.31% in the PRF group. The differences in PSQI and NRSs between 2 groups were also statistically significant.
The study uses a small sample size from a single center. The model built is not validated internally or externally. The conclusions of randomized controlled trials will be more convincing. Subgroup analysis of the disease course was not performed.
In the treatment of HZ-related pain, the use of PRF is significantly associated with a high short-term recurrence rate. However, compared with RF-TC, PRF results in milder numbness and less intraoperative pain. RF-TC may be a feasible procedure if patients can accept pain relief at the cost of long periods of numbness, whether RF-TC has the value of clinical promotion still needs to be further explored.
The Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) has decided to expand and improve disaster-relief facilities this year. A number of disaster preparedness and relief centres will be constructed in localities ...vulnerable to natural disasters, and a disaster-relief fund should be set up through donations from the public, according to RCSC sources. The RCSC is one of the major mass organizations in China with a membership of 21 million. Since 1993, it has set up a disaster relief and preparedness network with its headquarters in Beijing and branches across the country.
PDF
