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•Hydrophilized g-C3N4 nanosheets are prepared by tannic acid (TA) assisted exfoliation.•TFNi membranes are fabricated by introducing a TA-C3N4 nanosheet interlayer.•The interlayer ...makes ultra-thin separation layer possible.•The TFNi membrane exhibits water permeance of 34.25 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and Na2SO4 rejection of 98.53%.
Thin film nanocomposite membrane with a nanomaterial interlayer (TFNi) has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Herein, for the first time, tannic acid (TA) functionalized g-C3N4 nanosheets are used to construct an interlayer for the fabrication of TFNi nanofiltration membranes with enhanced separation performance. The TA-C3N4 nanosheet interlayers possess high hydrophilicity, low resistance for water transport, and strong structural stability, which is conducive to improving water permeance of the TFNi membranes. Meanwhile, the uniformity of interfacial polymerization on the interlayers is improved by virtue of the smooth surface of the interlayer, enabling the formation of an integral and dense polyamide layer with a thickness of only about 10 nm. The TFNi membranes exhibit excellent performance with water permeance of 34.25 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and Na2SO4 rejection of 98.53%, which are obviously higher than those of the corresponding membrane without TA-C3N4 nanosheets (21.03 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and 92.04%). The TFNi membranes also show significant selectivity improvement toward divalent/monovalent ions. This work gives inspiration for designing advanced nanofiltration membranes with functionalized nanomaterials acting as interlayers.
High-performance polyamide thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes have received great attention in recent years. Herein, we report the preparation of TFC nanofiltration membranes by ...interfacial polymerization using MoS2 nanosheets as the nanomaterial interlayer. The aqueous monomer and MoS2 nanosheets are distributed on the surface of microporous membrane substrates by a one-step method. The MoS2 interlayer improves the uniformity and smoothness of the microporous substrates, helping to form polyamide nanofilms at ultralow monomer concentration. Moreover, the hydrophilic and negatively-charged MoS2 nanosheets enhance the water permeability and negative charges of the nanofiltration membranes. The composite membranes show both high water permeance of 33.5 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and Na2SO4 rejection of 97.5%, as well as significantly improved mono-/divalent anions selectivity and antifouling property. It is proved that the interfacial polymerization strategy assisted by the MoS2 interlayer is effective for preparing high-performance nanofiltration membranes.
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•Nanofiltration membranes with MoS2 nanosheet interlayer are fabricated.•MoS2 interlayer provides an even platform for interfacial polymerization.•The nanofiltration membrane shows a water permeance of 33.5 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and a rejection of 97.5% for Na2SO4.•The nanofiltration membrane exhibits excellent long-term stability and antifouling ability.
Longevity, an important life-history trait, is determined by extrinsic and/or intrinsic causing mortality. Here, we used body mass (BM), field metabolic rate (FMR), longevity, and female maturity ...data reported from 300 amniote species to test whether 1) longevity was related to BM, FMR and female maturity, and 2) FMR, female maturity, or both, had a direct effect on longevity and whether an indirect effect of FMR on female maturity improved model fit. The results showed that BM was positively correlated with longevity and FMR, but negatively correlated with mass-specific FMR (mFMR) in amniotes. Phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis showed that, in the best model, longevity had a direct negative correlation with mFMR in lizards, and an indirect negative correlation with mFMR through female maturity in mammals. However, longevity had a direct positive correlation with mFMR in birds. Furthermore, longevity was positively correlated with female maturity in endotherms (birds and mammals) but weakly correlated with female maturity in ectotherms (lizards). Thus, our results are consistent with the life-history theory and the “rate-of-living” hypothesis in lizards and mammals but not support them in birds.
•Longevity was direct negatively related with mFMR in lizards.•There was a weak correlation between longevity and female maturity in lizards•Longevity is negatively related to FMR in lizards, supported the life history theory and the ‘rate-of-living’ hypothesis in lizards.
Climatic characteristics of Hengduan Mountains region were diverse, and Eothenomys miletus was a native species throughout this region. To investigate adaptive strategies of E. miletus to ...environmental factors in different locations in this region, five locations were selected, including Deqin (DQ), Xianggelila (XGLL), Lijiang (LJ), Jianchuan (JC) and Ailaoshan (ALS). Then, body mass, visceral organ masses, and serum and liver metabolomes of E. miletus from each location were examined. The results showed that body mass was significantly different among these five sites. Liver mass was lower in ALS than in other locations. PLS-DA analysis, metabolite tree maps and heat maps of serum and liver metabolites showed that samples from DQ and XGLL clustered together, as did the samples from LJ, JC and ALS. Serum concentrations of lipid and amino acid metabolites, concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates, lipid metabolites and amino acid metabolites in livers from DQ and XGLL were higher than those from other three regions. However, the concentrations of glycolytic metabolites were lower in DQ and XGLL. All these results indicated that E. miletus adapts to changes in environmental temperature and altitude of this region by adjusting body mass and serum and liver metabolite concentrations.
Some circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified to act as essential regulators in the progression of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to investigate the role of circRNA trefoil factor 1 (circ-TFF1) in ...BC progression. The expression of circ-TFF1, microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was evaluated by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EDU) assays. Cell apoptosis and invasion were assessed by flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Cellular glycolysis, including glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP/ADP ratio, was detected by commercial kits. All protein levels were measured by western blot assay. The relationship between miR-338-3p and circ-TFF1 or FGFR1 was predicted by online bioinformatics tool and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft tumor model was established to verify the function of circ-TFF1 in vivo. Circ-TFF1 was overexpressed in BC tissues and cells. Circ-TFF1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and glycolysis and induced apoptosis in BC cells. Circ-TFF1 acted as a sponge of miR-338-3p, and the effects of circ-TFF1 knockdown on BC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and glycolysis were abolished by miR-338-3p inhibition. FGFR1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR-338-3p, and miR-338-3p played a tumor-suppressive role in BC by targeting FGFR1. Moreover, circ-TFF1 regulated FGFR1 expression by targeting miR-338-3p. Additionally, circ-TFF1 knockdown hampered tumorigenesis i
n vivo
. Circ-TFF1 knockdown suppressed BC progression by regulating miR-338-3p/FGFR1 axis, providing a promising therapeutic target for BC.
ABSTRACT To investigate the influence of different ecological factors in Apodemus chevrieri during the process of seasonal changing, we designed a three-factor experiment of temperature, photoperiod ...and food quantity in A. chevrieri in the present study. Animals were divided into 8 groups randomly: moderate temperature, longer photoperiod with no food-restricted group; moderate temperature, longer photoperiod with food-restricted group; moderate temperature, shorter photoperiod with no food-restricted group, moderate temperature, shorter photoperiod with food-restricted group; lower temperature, longer photoperiod with no food-restricted group; lower temperature, longer photoperiod with food-restricted group; lower temperature, shorter photoperiod with no food-restricted group, lower temperature, shorter photoperiod with food-restricted group, which were acclimated for 4 weeks. Body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and non shivering thermogenesis (NST), leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression were measured in each group. The results showed that body mass in A. chevrieri was significantly affected by temperature, food and photoperiod, which was decreased by low temperature, food restriction and short photoperiod. RMR and NST were significantly affected by temperature and food quantity. The content of leptin was significantly affected by temperature, photoperiod and food quantity. Low temperature, short photoperiod and food restriction all decreased the content of leptin. Expression levels of NPY and AgRP were significantly affected by temperature and food quantity. Low temperature and food restriction up-regulated the expression levels of NPY and AgRP. While POMC expression was only affect by food quantity, CART expression was significantly different under the influence of temperature and food quantity. These results suggested that temperature, photoperiod and food quantity had different effects on physiological indexes and energy balance in A. chevrieri, and leptin was involved in the regulation of body mass in A. chevrieri.
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•EEMs fluorescence method was proposed for identification of the origin of Gastrodia elata.•Discriminant model for identification was built by N-PLS-DA, U-PLS-DA and kNN.•All models ...successfully identified the geographical origin of Gastrodia elata.•kNN was superior to other models in the geographical origin identification of Gastrodia elata.
Geographical origin is an important factor affecting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the identification of geographical origin of Gastrodia elata was performed by using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and chemometric methods. Firstly, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of Gastrodia elata samples from different geographical origins were obtained. And then three chemometric methods, including multilinear partial least squares discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA), unfold partial least squares discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) method, were applied to build discriminant models. Finally, 45 Gastrodia elata samples could be differentiated from each other by these classification models according to their geographical origins. The results showed that all models obtained good classification results. Compared with the N-PLS-DA and U-PLS-DA, kNN got more accurate and reliable classification results and could identify Gastrodia elata samples from different geographical origins with 100% accuracy on the training and test set. Therefore, the proposed method was available for easily and quickly distinguishing the geographical origin of Gastrodia elata, which can be considered as a promising alternative method for determining the geographic origin of other traditional Chinese medicines.
To uncover the transcriptomic mechanism of lignin accumulation caused by boron deficiency (BD), Nanlin895 (
×
"Nanlin895") was subjected to control (CK, 0.25 mg·L
) and BD (0 mg·L
) treatments for 3 ...days. RNA-Seq was carried out to survey the expression patterns of the lignin-regulated biosynthetic genes in response to BD. The results showed that 5946 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2968 (44.2%) of which were upregulated and 3318 (55.8%) of which were downregulated in response to BD. Among them, the expression of lignin monomer biosynthetic (
,
,
,
,
,
/
) and modulated genes, for example, transcription factors (
) and hormone signal regulating genes (
, histidine kinase 1, coronatine-insensitive protein 1), were upregulated, and some hormone signal regulating genes, such as
and BR-related (sterol methyltransferases), were downregulated under BD treatment. There are also some genes that were screened as candidates for an association with wood formation, which will be used for the further analysis of the function of lignin formation. These results provide an important theoretical basis and reference data in plant for further research on the mechanism of lignin accumulation under BD.
Melatonin (MEL) is an indole hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland at night, which is involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in small mammals. To test the effects of ...exogenous MEL on body mass and thermogenic ability in two different red‐backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) populations from two different regions (Kunming KM and Dali DL) with different annual variation in climatic variables, such as temperature, sunshine and rainfall. we traced the changes of energy balance in E. miletus from KM and DL, which were placed at 25 ± 1°C with photoperiod of 12 L:12 D, intraperitoneal injection of MEL was performed daily for 28 days. The results showed that body mass and food intake were significantly decreased, while resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) were significantly increased after MEL injection; Contents of total protein, mitochondrial protein, the activities of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and α‐glycerophosphate oxidase (α‐PGO) in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were enhanced; the activity of thyroxin 5′‐deiodinase (T45′‐DII) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in BAT were also increased. Serum leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) levels and T3/T4 ratio were significantly increased, thyroxine (T4) levels was significantly decreased. Moreover, body mass and food intake in E. miletus from KM were higher than those from DL, but RMR and NST were lower than those from DL. Changes of body mass, food intake and thermogenic activity of KM were higher than those of DL when exposed to injection of MEL, indicating that E. miletus in KM were more sensitive to MEL. Furthermore, MEL was involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in E. miletus between KM and DL.
The schematic diagram showing exogenous melatonin on adaptive thermogenic characteristics of Eothenomys miletus between Kunming and Dali regions
Highlights
Melatonin (MEL) reduced food intake and body mass of Eothenomys miletus in Kunming (KM) and Dali (DL) areas.
MEL enhanced the thermogenic capacity of liver and brown adipose tissue in E. miletus between KM and DL areas.
There were regional differences in body mass regulation and thermogenic capacity of E. miletus Compared with DL, E. miletus in KM were more sensitive to MEL.
Background
Breast cancer is one of the most malignant cancers. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in breast cancer progression through sponging microRNA (miRNA). ...However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of circ_0069094 in breast cancer are unclear. This study aimed to reveal the effect of the circ_0069094/miR‐136‐5p/tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase/tryptophan 5‐monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ) pathway on the malignant progression of breast cancer.
Methods
The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to assess the expression of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA. The functional effects of circ_0069094 on the cell processes of breast cancer were investigated by cell counting kit‐8, colony‐forming assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assay. The interactions among circ_0069094, miR‐136‐5p, and YWHAZ were assessed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft experiment was performed to determine the effects of circ_0069094 on tumor formation.
Results
Circ_0069094 was overexpressed in paclitaxel (PTX)‐resistant breast cancer tissues and cells, and the silencing of circ_0069094 decreased tumor growth, cell proliferation and cell invasion while increasing PTX sensitivity and cell apoptosis in PTX‐resistant cells. In addition, miR‐136‐5p was a target of circ_0069094, and miR‐136‐5p inhibition abolished circ_0069094 knockdown‐induced effects in PTX‐resistant cells. MiR‐136‐5p expression was decreased in PTX‐resistant breast cancer tissues and cells, and the overexpression of miR‐136‐5p suppressed the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells by targeting YWHAZ. Importantly, circ_0069094 regulated YWHAZ expression in breast cancer by targeting miR‐136‐5p.
Conclusion
Circ_0069094 silencing improved PTX sensitivity in breast cancer progression through competitively sponging miR‐136‐5p.
The molecular mechanism of circ_0069094 in regulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel (PTX). The addition of circ_0069094 expression increased PTX‐resistant breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion and decreased PTX sensitivity and cell apoptosis through the circ_0069094/miR‐136‐5p/YWHAZ axis.
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