Abstract
This study seeks to estimate the carbon implications of recent changes in China’s economic development patterns and role in global trade in the post-financial-crisis era. We utilised the ...latest socioeconomic datasets to compile China’s 2012 multiregional input-output (MRIO) table. Environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural decomposition analysis (SDA) were applied to investigate the driving forces behind changes in CO
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emissions embodied in China’s domestic and foreign trade from 2007 to 2012. Here we show that emission flow patterns have changed greatly in both domestic and foreign trade since the financial crisis. Some economically less developed regions, such as Southwest China, have shifted from being a net emission exporter to being a net emission importer. In terms of foreign trade, emissions embodied in China’s exports declined from 2007 to 2012 mainly due to changes in production structure and efficiency gains, while developing countries became the major destination of China’s export emissions.
Integrating thermodynamically favorable ethanol reforming reactions with hybrid water electrolysis will allow room‐temperature production of high‐value organic products and decoupled hydrogen ...evolution. However, electrochemical reforming of ethanol has not received adequate attention due to its low catalytic efficiency and poor selectivity, which are caused by the multiple groups and chemical bonds of ethanol. In addition to the thermodynamic properties affected by the electronic structure of the catalyst, the dynamics of molecule/ion dynamics in electrolytes also play a significant role in the efficiency of a catalyst. The relatively large size and viscosity of the ethanol molecule necessitates large channels for molecule/ion transport through catalysts. Perforated CoNi hydroxide nanosheets are proposed as a model catalyst to synergistically regulate the dynamics of molecules and electronic structures. Molecular dynamics simulations directly reveal that these nanosheets can act as a “dam” to enrich ethanol molecules and facilitate permeation through the nanopores. Additionally, the charge transfer behavior of heteroatoms modifies the local charge density to promote molecular chemisorption. As expected, the perforated nanosheets exhibit a small potential (1.39 V) and high Faradaic efficiency for the conversion of ethanol into acetic acid. Moreover, the concept in this work provides new perspectives for exploring other molecular catalysts.
Nanoporous ultrathin bimetallic compound sheets are used as a model catalyst to realize synergistic optimization of ethanol molecular spatial distribution and chemisorption. They exhibit a small potential (1.39 V) and high Faradaic efficiency for acetic acid.
Very recently the NICER collaboration published the first-ever accurate measurement of mass and radius together for PSR J0030+0451, a nearby isolated quickly rotating neutron star (NS). In this work ...we set the joint constraints on the equation of state (EoS) and some bulk properties of NSs with the data of PSR J0030+0451, GW170817, and some nuclear experiments. The piecewise polytropic expansion method and the spectral decomposition method have been adopted to parameterize the EoS. The resulting constraints are consistent with each other. Assuming the maximal gravitational mass of nonrotating NS MTOV lies between 2.04M and 2.4M , with the piecewise method the pressure at twice nuclear saturation density is measured to be at the 90% level. For an NS with canonical mass of 1.4M , we have the moment of inertia , tidal deformability , radius , and binding energy at the 90% level, which are improved in comparison to the constraints with the sole data of GW170817. These conclusions are drawn for the mass/radius measurements of PSR J0030+0451 by Riley et al. For the measurements of Miller et al., the results are rather similar.
The Chinese economy has been recovering slowly from the global financial crisis, but it cannot achieve the same rapid development of the pre-recession period. Instead, the country has entered a new ...phase of economic development-a 'new normal'. We use a structural decomposition analysis and environmental input-output analysis to estimate the determinants of China's carbon emission changes during 2005-2012. China's imports are linked to a global multi-regional input-output model based on the Global Trade and Analysis Project database to calculate the embodied CO2 emissions in imports. We find that the global financial crisis has affected the drivers of China's carbon emission growth. From 2007 to 2010, the CO2 emissions induced by China's exports dropped, whereas emissions induced by capital formation grew rapidly. In the 'new normal', the strongest factors that offset CO2 emissions have shifted from efficiency gains to structural upgrading. Efficiency was the strongest factor offsetting China's CO2 emissions before 2010 but drove a 1.4% increase in emissions in the period 2010-2012. By contrast, production structure and consumption patterns caused a 2.6% and 1.3% decrease, respectively, in China's carbon emissions from 2010 to 2012. In addition, China tends to shift gradually from an investment to a consumption-driven economy. The proportion of CO2 emissions induced by consumption had a declining trend before 2010 but grew from 28.6%-29.1% during 2010-2012.
For improving forecasting accuracy and trading performance, this paper proposes a new multi‐objective least squares support vector machine with mixture kernels to forecast asset prices. First, a ...mixture kernel function is introduced into taking full use of global and local kernel functions, which is adaptively determined following a data‐driven procedure. Second, a multi‐objective fitness function is proposed by incorporating level forecasting and trading performance, and particle swarm optimization is used to synchronously search the optimal model selections of least squares support vector machine with mixture kernels. Taking CO2 assets as examples, the results obtained show that compared with the popular models, the proposed model can achieve higher forecasting accuracy and higher trading performance. The advantages of the mixture kernel function and the multi‐objective fitness function can improve the forecasting ability of the asset price. The findings also show that the models with a high‐level forecasting accuracy cannot always have a high trading performance of asset price forecasting. In contrast, high directional forecasting usually means a high trading performance.
The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta (θj) and hence the neutron ...star merger rate. In this work, we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in GRB 150424A and GRB 160821B, and find θj ∼ 0.1 rad. Together with five events reported before 2015 and three others "identified" recently (GRB 050709, GRB 060614, and GRB 140903A), we have a sample consisting of nine SGRBs and one long-short GRB with reasonably estimated θj. In particular, three Swift bursts in the sample have redshifts z ≤ 0.2, with which we estimate the local neutron star merger rate density to be or if the narrowly beamed GRB 061201 is excluded. Inspired by the typical θj ∼ 0.1 rad found currently, we further investigate whether the off-beam GRBs (in the uniform jet model) or the off-axis events (in the structured jet model) can significantly enhance the GRB/GW association. For the former, the enhancement is at most moderate, while for the latter the enhancement can be much greater and a high GRB/GW association probability of ∼10% is possible. We also show that the data of GRB 160821B may contain a macronova/kilonova emission component with a temperature of ∼3100 K at ∼3.6 days after the burst and more data are needed to ultimately clarify.
The aim of this study is to validate the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and determine the number of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002)–positive patients who do ...not meet the GLIM, as well as examine whether these patients would benefit from nutritional support therapy.
A reanalysis of a published prospective observational study was performed. The subjects were rediagnosed per the NRS2002 and GLIM criteria. The prevalence of malnutrition was reported, and the difference in rate of infection complications and total complications between the nutritional support therapy and glucose-electrolyte cohorts was calculated.
Among 1831 cases in the original database, 827 cases (45.2%) were NRS2002-positive. A total of 391 cases were identified by the GLIM criteria as malnourished (21.4%) and of these, subjects in the nutritional support therapy cohort had fewer infection complications than those in the glucose-electrolyte cohort (13.0% vs. 23.0%; P = 0.010). The remaining 436 patients were NRS2002 positive but GLIM negative (23.8%). The rate of infection was also significantly lower in the support cohort than in the nonsupport cohort (8.0% vs. 15.7%; P = 0.011). Nutritional support was proven o be a protective factor for infection complications in both GLIM-positive (odds ratio: 0.407; 95% confidence interval, 0.232–0.714; P = 0.002) and NRS2002-positive/GLIM-negative patients odds ratio: 0.314; 95% confidence interval, 0.161–0.612; P = 0.001).
The GLIM criteria have been validated, and are useful in identifying malnourished patients who may have fewer infection complications due to nutritional support therapy. However, the criteria neglected half of the patients identified by NRS2002, among whom nutritional support therapy also decreased the rate of infection complications.
•Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria are a new consensus to diagnosis malnutrition, but needs validation•Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) can be used as the first screening step of the GLIM criteria•NRS2002-positive patients have fewer infections due to nutritional support•Nutrition support reduces infection rates in malnourished patients, as determined by the GLIM criteria•Patients who are NRS2002 positive but GLIM negative also benefit from nutritional support
Abstract
We perform a hierarchical Bayesian inference to investigate the population properties of the coalescing compact binaries involving at least one neutron star (NS). With the current ...gravitational-wave (GW) observation data, we can rule out none of the double Gaussian, single Gaussian, and uniform NS mass distribution models, though a specific double Gaussian model inferred from the Galactic NSs is found to be slightly more preferred. The mass distribution of black holes (BHs) in the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) population is found to be similar to that in the Galactic X-ray binaries. Additionally, the ratio of the merger rate densities between NSBHs and BNSs is estimated to be ∼3:7. The spin properties of the binaries, though constrained relatively poorly, play a nontrivial role in reconstructing the mass distribution of NSs and BHs. We find that a perfectly aligned spin distribution can be ruled out, while a purely isotropic distribution of spin orientation is still allowed. To evaluate the feasibility of reliably determining the population properties of NSs in the coalescing compact binaries with upcoming GW observations, we perform simulations with a mock population. We find that with 100 detections (including BNSs and NSBHs) the mass distribution of NSs can be well determined, and the fraction of BNSs can also be accurately estimated.
The TianQin-1 satellite (TQ-1), which is the first technology demonstration satellite for the TianQin project, was launched on 20 December 2019. The first round of experiment had been carried out ...from 21 December 2019 until 1 April 2020. The residual acceleration of the satellite is found to be about 1 × 10−10 m/s2/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz and about 5 × 10−11 m/s2/Hz1/2 at 0.05 Hz, measured by an inertial sensor with a sensitivity of 5 × 10−12 m/s2/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz. The micro-Newton thrusters has demonstrated a thrust resolution of 0.1 μN and a thrust noise of 0.3 μN/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz. The residual noise of the satellite with drag-free control is 3 × 10−9 m/s2/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz. The noise level of the optical readout system is about 30 pm/Hz1/2 at 0.1 Hz. The temperature stability at temperature monitoring position is controlled to be about ±3 mK per orbit, and the mismatch between the center-of-mass of the satellite and that of the test mass is measured with a precision of better than 0.1 mm.
Intracellular bodies such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies and various signalling assemblies represent membraneless organelles, or condensates, that form via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)
. ...Biomolecular interactions-particularly homotypic interactions mediated by self-associating intrinsically disordered protein regions-are thought to underlie the thermodynamic driving forces for LLPS, forming condensates that can facilitate the assembly and processing of biochemically active complexes, such as ribosomal subunits within the nucleolus. Simplified model systems
have led to the concept that a single fixed saturation concentration is a defining feature of endogenous LLPS
, and has been suggested as a mechanism for intracellular concentration buffering
. However, the assumption of a fixed saturation concentration remains largely untested within living cells, in which the richly multicomponent nature of condensates could complicate this simple picture. Here we show that heterotypic multicomponent interactions dominate endogenous LLPS, and give rise to nucleoli and other condensates that do not exhibit a fixed saturation concentration. As the concentration of individual components is varied, their partition coefficients change in a manner that can be used to determine the thermodynamic free energies that underlie LLPS. We find that heterotypic interactions among protein and RNA components stabilize various archetypal intracellular condensates-including the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, stress granules and P-bodies-implying that the composition of condensates is finely tuned by the thermodynamics of the underlying biomolecular interaction network. In the context of RNA-processing condensates such as the nucleolus, this manifests in the selective exclusion of fully assembled ribonucleoprotein complexes, providing a thermodynamic basis for vectorial ribosomal RNA flux out of the nucleolus. This methodology is conceptually straightforward and readily implemented, and can be broadly used to extract thermodynamic parameters from microscopy images. These approaches pave the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamics of multicomponent intracellular phase behaviour and its interplay with the nonequilibrium activity that is characteristic of endogenous condensates.
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