This paper proposes a new chaotic image encryption scheme, which employs Josephus traversing and mixed chaotic map. The scheme consists of three processes: key stream generation process; three-round ...scrambling process; and one-round diffusion process. The proposed mathematical model is applied for the key stream generator in the first process. The initial values and parameters are sensitive to both the secret keys in the new scheme and plain images. The second process employs the Josephus traversing in scrambling; then the rows and columns of pixels are exchanged. The third process can modify the pixel gray-level values and crack the strong correlations between adjacent pixels simultaneously. The initial conditions for chaotic systems are derived using external secret keys by applying some algebraic transformations to the key. Security analysis indicates that the new scheme is effective, which can resist common attacks.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of lncRNAs in CRC metabolism, especially glucose metabolism remains largely unknown. In this study, we identify ...a lncRNA, GLCC1, which is significantly upregulated under glucose starvation in CRC cells, supporting cell survival and proliferation by enhancing glycolysis. Mechanistically, GLCC1 stabilizes c-Myc transcriptional factor from ubiquitination by direct interaction with HSP90 chaperon and further specifies the transcriptional modification pattern on c-Myc target genes, such as LDHA, consequently reprogram glycolytic metabolism for CRC proliferation. Clinically, GLCC1 is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor size and predicts poor prognosis. Thus, GLCC1 is mechanistically, functionally, and clinically oncogenic in colorectal cancer. Targeting GLCC1 and its pathway may be meaningful for treating patients with colorectal cancer.
Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a pathway that degrades mRNAs containing premature termination codons. Here we describe a genome-wide screen for NMD factors that uncovers an unexpected mechanism ...that broadly governs 3ʹ untranslated region (UTR)-directed regulation. The screen reveals that NMD requires lysosomal acidification, which allows transferrin-mediated iron uptake, which, in turn, is necessary for iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis. This pathway maintains the activity of the Fe-S cluster-containing ribosome recycling factor ABCE1, whose impaired function results in movement of ribosomes into 3ʹ UTRs, where they displace exon junction complexes, abrogating NMD. Importantly, these effects extend beyond NMD substrates, with ABCE1 activity required to maintain the accessibility of 3ʹ UTRs to diverse regulators, including microRNAs and RNA binding proteins. Because of the sensitivity of the Fe-S cluster of ABCE1 to iron availability and reactive oxygen species, these findings reveal an unanticipated vulnerability of 3ʹ UTR-directed regulation to lysosomal dysfunction, iron deficiency, and oxidative stress.
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•A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies regulators and components of the NMD pathway•ABCE1 is required for NMD and other forms of 3ʹ UTR-mediated regulation•Upon ABCE1 loss, ribosomes move into 3ʹ UTRs and displace bound regulators•Iron deficiency and oxidative stress impair ABCE1 and post-transcriptional control
Zhu et al. find a critical role of the ribosome recycling factor ABCE1 in nonsense-mediated decay and other forms of 3ʹ UTR-mediated regulation. The iron-sulfur cluster of ABCE1 is highly sensitive to lysosomal dysfunction and reactive oxygen species, linking these pathologic stresses to defective post-transcriptional control.
Abstract
In order to solve the bottleneck of low methane production in anaerobic codigestion of excess sludge (ES) and plant waste (PW), a new strategy of enhancing hydrolysis and acidification by ...rhamnolipid (RL) was proposed under thermophilic condition. The results showed that the optimal dosage of RL was 50 g/kg total suspended solids, and the maximum yield of methane was 198.5 mL/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), which was 2.3 times of that in the control. RL promoted the dissolution of organic matter in the codigestion process of ES and PW, and the higher the dosage of RL, the higher the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the fermentation broth. When RL was 100 g/kg, the maximum content of SCOD in fermentation broth was 2,451 mg/L, and the contents of soluble protein and polysaccharide were 593 mg/L and 419 mg/L on 10 d, respectively, which were significantly higher than other groups. In addition, the yield of VFA in RL group was also significantly increased, and acetate and propionate were the main components of VFAs. This research work provides data support for the resource utilization of ES and PW, and expands the application field of RL.
•Bio-microcapsules can slow the carbon release of corn cob for 120 days.•Bio-microcapsules show high HN-AD performance even at low C/N of 2.8.•Bio-microcapsule SBR can stably run for 88 days with TN ...removal efficiency > 90%.
In this work, bio-microcapsules were prepared by embedding heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria (Acinetobacter Pittii SY9) and corn cob. Bio-microcapsules (20 g/L of corn cob and 30% v/v suspension of strain SY9) were porous (pore size 2579.74–3725.44 nm; porosity 53.6%–79.9%). Under the appropriate conditions (C/N > 2, temperature of 20–35 ℃, rotation speed of 100–120 rpm, pH of 7–9), TN removal efficiency of bio-microcapsules reached 94.4%, and 74.0% of nitrogen was converted into N2. The results of kinetics fitting indicated that aerobic denitrification was the limiting step during HN-AD process. Bio-microcapsules could slow the carbon release of corn cob for 120 days, which ensuring high HN-AD performance even at low C/N of 2.8. Bio-microcapsule SBR could stably run for 88 days with TN removal efficiency > 90% for synthetic sewage. Bio-microcapsules embedding strain SY9 and corn cob have prospective applications for enhancing denitrification of sewage.
Clinoptilolite was processed, first, by sodium chloride solution, and then mixed with Na2SiO3 and powdered activated carbon. The mixture went through extrusion forming and calcination to prepare the ...Silicate-Carbon Modified Zeolite (SCMZ) that was used for removing ammonium from drinking water. The SCMZ was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry(TG), and its BET surface was compared with that of natural zeolite. This study was performed using column experiments, and batch tests were performed under a range of conditions to assess the effect of solution pH, filtration rate, initial ammonium concentration and regeneration methods on the performance and capacity of the zeolite in ammonium removal. Results indicate that the adsorption capacity of SCMZ was 0.115mg NH4+–N/g, when the pH of the solution was 7, filtration rate was 10m/h and initial ammonium concentration was 5mg/L, and was much higher than that of natural zeolite. This breakthrough product made from SCMZ filtering media would have high ammonium-removal efficiency when regenerated by three cycles through sodium chloride solution.
► SCMZ has rough surface, porous structure and high BET surface. ► Adsorption capacity of SCMZ is much higher than that of natural zeolite. ► Filtration rate and initial ammonium concentration are important influencing factor. ► SCMZ can be regenerated by sodium chloride solution.
Ineffective vessel penetration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are responsible for the failure of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-repaired abdominal wall defects. Combined growth ...factors could be used as directing signals in a nature-mimicking strategy to improve this repair through mesh functionalization. In this work, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were incorporated into a silk fibroin membrane via coaxial aqueous electrospinning to exploit their benefits of biological interactions. The membrane was sandwiched into the SIS bilayer as a functional mesh to repair partial-thickness defects in a rat model. Membrane characterization demonstrated that the core-shell structure ensured the independent distribution and sequential release of two regulators and protection of their bioactivities, which were confirmed by cell viability and protein expression. The mesh was further assessed to facilitate vasculature formation and collagen secretion in vitro, and exhibited better host integration than VEGF- or TGF-β1-containing mesh and developed reinforced mechanical properties compared with the VEGF-containing mesh after 28 days in vivo. Determination of the underlying biological interactions revealed that rapid VEGF release promotes angiogenesis and collagen secretion but initially potentiates the inflammatory response. Sustained TGF-β1 release at relatively low concentrations promoted VEGF for vessel permeation and maturation and steadily induced ECM remodeling under milder foreign body reactions. The functionalization of SIS improves repair by sufficient integration with timely remodeling and helps elucidate the related regulatory interactions.
Although the advantages of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in the general population have been reported, its role in octogenarians has yet to be elucidated. This retrospective study was designed ...to compare the outcomes of open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs in octogenarians.
The data of octogenarians who underwent laparoscopic (n = 81) or open (n = 121) inguinal hernia repair were collected from January 2017 to December 2019. Statistical analysis variables included basic epidemiological data of patients, surgical procedures, comorbidities, postoperative pain, complications, recurrence, and other data.
There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex, body mass index, recurrent hernias, comorbidities, postoperative complications, and recurrence. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class and the proportion of scrotal hernias in the open group were higher than those of the laparoscopic group, whereas the proportion of bilateral hernias in the laparoscopic group was higher than that in the open group. The postoperative pain scores of the laparoscopic group were lower than those of the open group.
In octogenarians, both laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repairs are safe and feasible, but an appropriate surgical plan is crucial for obtaining better treatment effect.
As an epoch-making technique, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been used in electric vehicle charging devices in recent years, but the electromagnetic leakage problem has always plagued ...numerous researchers. The traditional wireless charging systems use a solid metal aluminium plate to shield electromagnetic leakage generally. Although it has a good shielding performance, it will seriously reduce the transmission efficiency of wireless charging systems. In this paper, an aluminium plate with a series of mesh holes of different sizes is proposed to weaken the eddy current in partial areas on the plane. Therefore, without changing the maximum magnetic induction intensity of the shielded magnetic field, the influence of the aluminium plate on the electrical parameters of the wireless power transfer system is minimized, and the transmission efficiency of the system is improved. The Ansys Maxwell software has been adopted to simulate the transfer and shielding performance. Finally, the experimental results have verified that the optimized mesh aluminium plate can reduce the interference to the transmission performance of electric vehicle wireless charging system and further improve the electromagnetic environment of the system effectively at the same time.
Various materials and approaches have been used to optimize the biocompatibility of mesh to reduce the implant-induced host response in intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair. Ineffective host ...integration, limited resistance to contamination, and untargeted administration hinder the wider application of the currently available clinical options. In this study, human amniotic membrane (HAM) was decellularized, fully characterized, and compared with porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in terms of its structure, components, and bioactivity. In an in vivo study, HAM was reinforced with silk fibroin (SF) membrane, which was fabricated as a biodegradable submicroscale template by electrospinning, to construct a bilayer composite mesh. The independent SF membrane, associated with HAM and SIS, was evaluated for tissue remodeling in vitro. The HAM–SF and SIS meshes were then characterized morphologically and implanted intraperitoneally into Sprague–Dawley rats for 28 days for macroscopic investigation of their integration into the host via interactions of regulatory factors. After decellularization, HAM formed a bioagent-rich collagen-based acellular structure. HAM was superior to SIS in concurrently suppressing the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and proangiogenic proliferation. When HAM, SF, and SIS were used as regenerative scaffolds, they showed qualified biocompatibility, cell infiltration, and degradation in vitro. Comparatively, macroscopic observation after implantation indicated that HAM–SF induced less-intensive intraperitoneal adhesion and weaker inflammatory responses at the interface but greater angiogenesis in the explant than SIS. Analysis of the expression of regulatory factors showed a greater quantity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in HAM, which partly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. This bioactive interaction appeared to be responsible for the better host integration, making HAM more biocompatible than SIS in IPOM repair. When combined with SF, HAM displayed similar mechanical properties to SIS. In conclusion, HAM displayed better bioactivity and biocompatibility than SIS. After its reinforcement with SF, HAM–SF is a promising biocomposite mesh for IPOM repair.
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