Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have attracted special attention owing to the high removal efficiency of recalcitrant organic contaminants. Recently, the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) ...or LDH composites as catalysts for AOPs (photocatalysis, Fenton reaction methods, and sulfate radical (SO
4
&z.rad;
−
)-mediated oxidations) has received increasing attention and has become a new research hotspot. This is due to their layered structure, flexible tunability, electronic properties, and high physicochemical stability. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the development and progress in the synthesis of pristine LDH and modified LDH catalysts for AOPs. Special attention has been paid to the design strategies of high-performance LDHs, including (1) rational design of pristine LDHs, such as binary and ternary LDHs, (2) calcination of LDHs at an appropriate temperature, (3) modification of LDHs with a semiconductor or metal as a cocatalyst, (4) changing the compensating anions, and (5) controlling the LDH morphology. Finally, some valuable perspectives on the challenges and future research directions in LDH-based AOPs are discussed.
Various strategies to design LDH catalysts for advanced oxidation processes.
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been leading the genetic study of human disease into an era of unprecedented productivity. Many bioinformatics pipelines have been developed to call variants from ...NGS data. The performance of these pipelines depends crucially on the variant caller used and on the calling strategies implemented. We studied the performance of four prevailing callers, SAMtools, GATK, glftools and Atlas2, using single-sample and multiple-sample variant-calling strategies. Using the same aligner, BWA, we built four single-sample and three multiple-sample calling pipelines and applied the pipelines to whole exome sequencing data taken from 20 individuals. We obtained genotypes generated by Illumina Infinium HumanExome v1.1 Beadchip for validation analysis and then used Sanger sequencing as a "gold-standard" method to resolve discrepancies for selected regions of high discordance. Finally, we compared the sensitivity of three of the single-sample calling pipelines using known simulated whole genome sequence data as a gold standard. Overall, for single-sample calling, the called variants were highly consistent across callers and the pairwise overlapping rate was about 0.9. Compared with other callers, GATK had the highest rediscovery rate (0.9969) and specificity (0.99996), and the Ti/Tv ratio out of GATK was closest to the expected value of 3.02. Multiple-sample calling increased the sensitivity. Results from the simulated data suggested that GATK outperformed SAMtools and glfSingle in sensitivity, especially for low coverage data. Further, for the selected discrepant regions evaluated by Sanger sequencing, variant genotypes called by exome sequencing versus the exome array were more accurate, although the average variant sensitivity and overall genotype consistency rate were as high as 95.87% and 99.82%, respectively. In conclusion, GATK showed several advantages over other variant callers for general purpose NGS analyses. The GATK pipelines we developed perform very well.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Polyporaceae is one of the most important families of Basidiomycota. Investigations on the species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae in China are carried out. So far 217 species ...belonging to 42 genera are reported from China. Two new genera:
Amylosporia
gen. nov. and
Murinicarpus
gen. nov., twelve new species:
Coriolopsis dendriformis
sp. nov.,
C. hainanensis
sp. nov.,
Funalia cystidiata
sp. nov.,
Haploporus microsporus
sp. nov.,
Perenniporia citrinoalba
sp. nov.,
P. yinggelingensis
sp. nov.,
Picipes hainanensis
sp. nov.,
P. jiajinensis
sp. nov.,
P. pseudovarius
sp. nov.,
Trametes duplexa
sp. nov.,
T. ellipsoidea
sp. nov. and
T. stiptica
sp. nov., and six new combinations,
Amylosporia hattorii
comb. nov.,
Hornodermoporus latissimus
comb. nov.,
Murinicarpus subadustus
comb. nov.,
Picipes pumilus
comb. nov.,
Vanderbylia delavayi
comb. nov. and
Vanderbylia robiniophila
comb. nov., are proposed. All the species are described based on the Chinese collections. Keys to genera of Polyporaceae occurring in China and keys to species of each genus are provided. This monograph provides a revised classification of Polyporaceae in China according to the modern taxonomy. The phylogeny of Polyporaceae from China are reconstructed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the β-tubulin gene (TBB1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. In addition, full morphological descriptions, illustrations, color photographs, taxonomic notes, ecology and all the available sequences of Polyporaceae species found from China are provided.
Abstract
The two-dimensional topological insulators host a full gap in the bulk band, induced by spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect, together with the topologically protected gapless edge states. ...However, it is usually challenging to suppress the bulk conductance and thus to realize the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect. In this study, we find a mechanism to effectively suppress the bulk conductance. By using the quasiparticle interference technique with scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the QSH candidate single-layer 1
T
’-WTe
2
has a semimetal bulk band structure with no full SOC-induced gap. Surprisingly, in this two-dimensional system, we find the electron–electron interactions open a Coulomb gap which is always pinned at the Fermi energy (
E
F
). The opening of the Coulomb gap can efficiently diminish the bulk state at the
E
F
and supports the observation of the quantized conduction of topological edge states.
Abstract
The promise of high-density and low-energy-consumption devices motivates the search for layered structures that stabilize chiral spin textures such as topologically protected skyrmions. At ...the same time, recently discovered long-range intrinsic magnetic orders in the two-dimensional van der Waals materials provide a new platform for the discovery of novel physics and effects. Here we demonstrate the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and Néel-type skyrmions are induced at the WTe
2
/Fe
3
GeTe
2
interface. Transport measurements show the topological Hall effect in this heterostructure for temperatures below 100 K. Furthermore, Lorentz transmission electron microscopy is used to directly image Néel-type skyrmion lattice and the stripe-like magnetic domain structures as well. The interfacial coupling induced Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is estimated to have a large energy of 1.0 mJ m
−2
. This work paves a path towards the skyrmionic devices based on van der Waals layered heterostructures.
This paper utilizes the concept of a transport partial differential equation (PDE) representation of delayed input to solve the classic problem of output feedback control for a common category of ...uncertain minimum phase linear time-delay systems in spite of co-existence of unknown plant parameter and actuator delay, as well as unmeasurable ordinary differential equation (ODE) and PDE state. In the case of measurable distributed input, the time-varying trajectory tracking is established while in the other case of unmeasurable distributed input, the constant set-point regulation is accomplished. The applicable output feedback control design incorporates the adaptive backstepping technique for ODE plants with the prediction-based boundary control method for PDE systems. There is not any limitation on relative degree of the considered systems. The Lyapunov-based analysis shows the local stability of the closed-loop ODE-PDE cascade systems.
Bisphenol S (BPS) is widely used as a raw material in industry, resulting in its ubiquitous distribution in natural environment, including the aqueous environment. However, the effect of BPS on the ...thyroid endocrine system is largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to BPS at 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg/L, from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 168hpf. Bioconcentration of BPS and whole-body thyroid hormones (THs), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations as well as transcriptional profiling of key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were examined. Chemical analysis indicated that BPS was accumulated in zebrafish larvae. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly decreased at ≥ 10 and 30 μg/L of BPS, respectively. However, TSH concentration was significantly induced in the 10 and 30 μg/L BPS-treated groups. After exposure to BPS, the mRNA expression of corticotrophin releasing hormone (crh) and thyroglobulin (tg) genes were up-regulated at ≥10 μg/L of BPS, in a dose-response manner. The transcription of genes involved in thyroid development (pax8) and synthesis (sodium/iodide symporter, slc5a5) were also significantly increased in the 30 μg/L of BPS treatment group. Moreover, exposure to 10 μg/L or higher concentration of BPS significantly up-regulated genes related to thyroid hormone metabolism (deiodinases, dio1, dio2 and uridinediphosphate glucoronosyltransferases, ugt1ab), which might be responsible for the altered THs levels. However, the transcript of transthyretin (ttr) was significantly down-regulated at ≥ 3 μg/L of BPS, while the mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptors (trα and trβ) and dio3 remained unchanged. All the results indicated that exposure to BPS altered the whole-body THs and TSH concentrations and changed the expression profiling of key genes related to HPT axis, thus triggering thyroid endocrine disruption.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant and notoriously addictive. Individuals respond to MA effects differently and thus have a varying susceptible risk of developing MA use disorder. Cumulative ...evidence has indicated that gut dysbiosis contributes to behavioral response to drug effects. However, the role of gut microbiota in the susceptible risk of developing MA use disorder has remained elusive. Using an MA‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rat model, we administrated the same dose of MA to rats, which then showed distinct preferences in drug‐related place, indicating their different responses to MA. From all of the MA‐exposed rats, the eight with the highest CPP scores were labeled as group high CPP (H‐CPP), and the eight with the lowest were labeled as group low CPP (L‐CPP). By 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, we found that the gut microbiota compositions differed between H‐CPP and L‐CPP. Specifically, Akkermansia was significantly higher in H‐CPP and positively correlated with the CPP scores. Notably, H‐CPP and L‐CPP differed in the gut microbiota composition prior to the CPP training; Ruminococcus was the dominant phylotype in H‐CPP at baseline. More importantly, rats pretreated by antibiotics showed a significantly stronger MA‐induced CPP than did the controls. Our study demonstrates that the gut dysbiosis was associated with the MA‐induced CPP, indicating that the gut microbiota might be important modulators for MA‐induced behavior and vulnerability to MA use disorder.
We established a methamphetamine‐induced CPP rat model to investigate the association between gut microbiota and rats' preference for methamphetamine. By 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, we found gut microbiota compositions differed between high CPP group and low CPP group before and after methamphetamine‐induced CPP training. More importantly, rats pretreated by antibiotics showed a significantly stronger methamphetamine‐induced CPP than did the controls.
This paper, for the first time, provides sub-predictors for networked control systems (NCSs) under uncertain large communication delays. We use a time-delay approach to NCS and employ sub-predictors ...to partially compensate large uncertain transmission delays in the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channels by dividing the long delay into small pieces. We consider systems with norm-bounded uncertainties, and take into account Round-Robin scheduling protocol in sensor-to-controller channel. In comparison with the traditional reduction-based classical predictor involving distributed input, the sub-predictor-based feedback is more friendly in the presence of norm-bounded uncertainties and is simpler for implementation. The sub-predictor-based feedback is further extended to decentralized control of interconnected systems provided that the couplings are not strong. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method and the stability conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities.
Biochar has been used to reduce the mobility and availability of heavy metals in contaminated paddy soils. A pot experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of peanut shell biochar (PBC) on the ...speciation and phytoavailability of Pb and Zn in contaminated acidic paddy soil using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as an indicator plant. Peanut shell biochar was applied to an acidic paddy soil contaminated with Pb and Zn at four rates (0%, 1%, 2%, and 5% w/w), and rice plants were grown in this soil. The soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), water-soluble SO42–, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CaCl2-extractable heavy metals, and speciation of heavy metals were determined. Additionally, biomass and concentrations of heavy metals in rice tissues were determined. The application of PBC significantly increased the pH, CEC, water-soluble SO42–, and DOC in the paddy soil, but decreased the content of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn. The CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn showed significant negative correlations with the pH, CEC, water-soluble SO42–, and DOC (p < 0.05). Following the application of biochar to the contaminated paddy soil, the Pb and Zn concentrations in the CaCl2 extracts were reduced by 41.04–98.66% and 17.78–96.87% (p < 0.05), respectively. Sequential chemical extractions showed a reduction in the acid-soluble Pb and Zn fraction and an increase in the reducible fraction following the addition of biochars. PBC obviously inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Pb and Zn in the rice plants. The Pb concentrations in the rice grain were significantly reduced by 60.32%, with the addition of 5% PBC. Neither of the biochars significantly changed the Zn concentrations in the rice grain. The influence of biochar on Pb and Zn phytoavailability varied not only with the application rate of biochar, but also with the kind of metals. Overall, the use of peanut shell biochar at a high application rate is more effective in immobilizing Pb and Zn in the acidic paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals, especially in reducing the phytoavailability of Pb to the rice plants.
Display omitted
•Peanut shell biochar application significantly increased soil pH, CEC, and DOC.•Biochar treatment significantly reduced the soil bioavailability of Pb and Zn.•Acid-soluble Pb and Zn were transformed to reducible bound speciation by biochar.•Biochar inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Pb and Zn in the rice plants.•Biochar at a high application rate more effectively immobilize Pb and Zn in soil.
PDF
