Continuous cropping of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in farmland for an extended period gives rise to soil-borne disease. The change in soil microbial composition is a major cause of ...soil-borne diseases and an obstacle to continuous cropping. The impact of cultivation modes and ages on the diversity and composition of the P. ginseng rhizosphere microbial community and technology suitable for cropping P. ginseng in farmland are still being explored.
Amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS regions were analyzed for microbial community composition and diversity.
The obtained sequencing data were reasonable for estimating soil microbial diversity. We observed significant variations in richness, diversity, and relative abundances of microbial taxa between farmland, deforestation field, and different cultivation years. The bacterial communities of LCK (forest soil where P. ginseng was not grown) had a much higher richness and diversity than those in NCK (farmland soil where P. ginseng was not grown). The increase in cultivation years of P. ginseng in farmland and deforestation field significantly changed the diversity of soil microbial communities. In addition, the accumulation of P. ginseng soil-borne pathogens (Monographella cucumerina, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Fusarium solani, and Nectria ramulariae) varied with the cropping age of P. ginseng.
Soil microbial diversity and function were significantly poorer in farmland than in the deforestation field and were affected by P. ginseng planting years. The abundance of common soil-borne pathogens of P. ginseng increased with the cultivation age and led to an imbalance in the microbial community.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The design of white‐light phosphors is attractive in solid‐state lighting (SSL) and related fields. A new strategy in obtaining white light emission (WLE) from dual‐way photon energy conversion in a ...series of dye@MOF (LIFM‐WZ‐6) systems is presented. Besides the traditional UV‐excited one‐photon absorption (OPA) pathway, white‐light modulation can also be gained from the combination of NIR‐excited green and red emissions of MOF backbone and encapsulated dyes via two‐photon absorption (TPA) pathway. As a result, down‐conversion OPA white light was obtained for RhB+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.1 wt %), BR‐2+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (2 wt %), and APFG+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.1 wt %) samples under 365 nm excitation. RhB+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.05 wt %), BR‐2+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (1 wt %) and APFG+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.05 wt %) exhibit up‐conversion TPA white light under the excitation of 800, 790, and 730 nm, respectively. This new WLE generation strategy combines different photon energy conversion mechanisms together.
White‐light emission (WLE) was obtained in dye@MOFs. Besides the traditional UV‐excited one‐photon absorption (OPA) pathway, modulation can also be gained from the combination of NIR‐excited green and red emissions of the MOF backbone and encapsulated dyes via a two‐photon absorption (TPA) pathway.
We show explicitly how the T model, E model, and Hilltop inflations are obtained from the general scalar-tensor theory of gravity with arbitrary conformal factors in the strong coupling limit. We ...argue that ξ attractors can give any observables ns and r by this method. The existence of attractors imposes a challenge to distinguish different models.
Tropical cyclone (TC) Amphan is analyzed in terms of the various factors that governed the intensification process associated with it and compared with Fani. Furthermore, the TC radial ...characteristics and ocean productivity are examined. Notably, both TCs formed in the Bay of Bengal during the pre‐monsoon seasons of 2020 and 2019, respectively. For this study, both ocean and atmospheric parameters from various sources including global analyses, satellite observations, and outputs from Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) and Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF‐ARW), are considered. The results indicate a gradual decrease in vertical wind shear during Fani. In the case of Amphan, the increase in mid‐tropospheric relative humidity values is found to be substantial. The sea surface cooling after the passage of Amphan was higher than in the case of Fani. The higher sea surface temperature in the Amphan case corresponds to the lower aerosol loading (partly because of lockdown measures) than that of Fani in the pre‐cyclone phase. And the decrease (increase) in aerosol loading coincides with an increase (decrease) in the direct radiative forcing at the ocean surface. The Madden–Julian Oscillation played a greater role in the cyclogenesis of Fani, but Kelvin waves offered a major support in the case of Amphan. The warmer sea surface, higher tropical cyclone heat potential, and conducive ocean and atmospheric setting together supported the further intensification of Amphan to the supercyclone stage. The difference in chlorophyll concentration showed a significant variation, with higher positive values seen in the case of Amphan implicating greater vertical mixing. The numerical modeling effort indicated superior performance of MPAS‐A compared to WRF‐ARW in simulating the radial parameters of the TCs.
Wind (m⋅s−1) circulation for days during which cyclone (a) Amphan became a super cyclonic storm (SuCS) (May 17–19, 2020) and (b) Fani became an extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) (April 30–May 02, 2019). The boxes represent the region where wind attained maximum intensity during the cyclone. The track of each cyclone is illustrated through a thick line with varied colors representing the varying intensity of the tropical cyclones. Here, wind observations from an advanced scatterometer are used.
Underwater visible light communication (UVLC) is of great interest to the military, industry, and the scientific community. In this paper, a long-distance UVLC system is designed, where the half ...power angle of light-emitting diode (LED) is narrowed to enhance the optical intensity at the transmitter, and a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is employed at the receiver to improve the detection sensitivity. A two-term exponential channel model of a long distance UVLC system with a SPAD receiver is established, and the channel parameters are obtained by Monte Carlo numerical simulation. Furthermore, the SPAD detection algorithm and the optimal detection threshold of the UVLC system are proposed. Simulation results show that the communication distance could be extended to 500 m in pure seawater.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a new type of coronavirus that has caused fatal infectious diseases and global spread. This novel coronavirus attacks target cells ...through the interaction of spike protein and angiotensin‐converting enzyme II (ACE2), leading to different clinical symptoms. However, for a successful pregnancy, a well‐established in‐uterine environment includes a specific immune environment, and multi‐interactions between specific cell types are prerequisites. The immune‐related changes in patients infected with novel coronavirus could interfere with the immune microenvironment in the uterus, leading to fetal loss. We first reviewed the intrauterine environment in the normal development process and the possible pregnancy outcome in the infection state. Then, we summarized the immune response induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients and analyzed the changes in ACE2 expression in the female reproductive system. Finally, the present observational evidence of infection in pregnant women was also reviewed.
O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant post-translational modification (PTM) that modifies the serine or threonine residues of thousands of proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm and ...mitochondria. Being a major “nutrient sensor” in cells, the O-GlcNAc pathway is sensitive to cellular metabolic states. Extensive crosstalk is observed between O-GlcNAcylation and protein phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc regulates protein functions at multiple levels, including enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions and degradation. Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with many human diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Though research on O-GlcNAc is still in its infantry, accumulating evidence suggest O-GlcNAcylation to be a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we briefly discuss the basic features of this PTM, the O-GlcNAc signaling pathway, its regulatory functions on different proteins, and its involvement in human diseases. We hope this review will provide insights to researchers who study human disease, as well as researchers who are interested in the fundamental roles of O-GlcNAcylation in all cells.
► A FeCoNiCrCu high-entropy alloy coating has been prepared by laser cladding. ► The coating quality and microhardness are improved by minor Si, Mn, Mo additions. ► The coating has good multiple ...properties.
The influences of Si (1.2mol.%), Mn (1.2mol.%) and Mo (2.8mol.%) additions on the microstructure, properties and coating quality of laser cladded FeCoNiCrCu high-entropy alloy coating have been investigated. The multi-component alloy coating is found to be a simpleface-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution with less component segregation and high corrosion resistance, microhardness and softening resistance properties. For the coating without Si, Mn and Mo additions, the microstructure is mainly composed of columnar and equiaxed grains with uniformly distributed alloying elements. The microhardness reaches 375HV0.5, which is about 50% higher than that of the same alloy prepared by arc melting technique. But the coating quality is very poor. While for the coating with Si, Mn and Mo additions, the coating quality is greatly improved, the microhardness increases to 450HV0.5, but the microstructure transforms to dendrite due to a slightly increase in component segregation.
The development of bifunctional ionic polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for effective, cocatalyst- and metal-free cycloaddition of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates has attracted increasing ...attention. However, facile fabrication of such polymers having high numbers of ionic active sites, suitable types of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), and controlled spatial positions of dual active sites remains a challenging task. Herein, imidazolium-based ionic polymers with hydroxyl/carboxyl groups and high ionic density were facilely prepared by a one-pot quaternization reaction. Catalytic evaluation demonstrated that the presence of HBDs (hydroxyl or carboxyl) could enhance the catalytic activities of ionic polymers significantly toward the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. Among the prepared catalysts, carboxyl-functionalized ionic polymer (PIMBr-COOH) displayed the highest catalytic activity (94% yield) in the benchmark cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin, which was higher than hydroxyl-functionalized ionic polymer (PIMBr-OH, 76% yield), and far exceeded ionic polymer without HBDs groups (PIMBr, 54% yield). Furthermore, PIMBr-COOH demonstrated good recyclability and wide substrate tolerance. Under ambient CO2 pressure, a number of epoxides were smoothly cycloadded into cyclic carbonates. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculation verified the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between epoxide and the HBDs of ionic polymers. Furthermore, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the synergistic effect between carboxyl and Br− functionalities. Thus, a facile, one-pot synthetic strategy for the construction of bifunctional ionic polymers was developed for CO2 fixation.
ABSTRACT
Blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke is an intractable event conducive to further injury. Brain pericytes play a vital role in maintaining ...BBB integrity by interacting with other components of the BBB. In this study, we found that sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor (S1PR)2 expressed in pericytes was significantly up‐regulated after ischemia in vivo and in vitro. By using a S1PR2 antagonist (JTE‐013), we showed that S1PR2 plays a critical role in the induction of BBB permeability of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rats and the in vitro BBB model. Furthermore, we discovered that S1PR2 may decrease N‐cadherin expression and increase pericyte migration via NF‐κB p65 signal and found that S1PR2 could be regulated by miR‐149–5p negatively, which was decreased in the ischemic boundary zone and cultured pericytes after ischemia. Overexpression of miR‐149–5p in cultured pericytes substantially increased N‐cadherin expression and decreased pericyte migration, which decreased BBB leakage in the in vitro model. Up‐regulating miR‐149–5p by intracerebroventricular injection of agomir‐149–5p attenuated BBB permeability and improved the outcomes of tMCAO rats significantly. Thus, our data suggest that miR‐149–5p may serve as a potential target for treatment of BBB disruption after ischemic stroke.—Wan, Y., Jin, H.‐J., Zhu, Y.‐Y., Fang Z., Mao, L., He, Q., Xia, Y.‐P., Li, M., Li, Y., Chen, X., Hu, B. MicroRNA‐149–5p regulates blood‐brain barrier permeability after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats by targeting S1PR2 of pericytes. FASEB J. 32, 3133–3148 (2018). www.fasebj.org
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