Cells from the same individual share common genetic and environmental backgrounds and are not statistically independent; therefore, they are subsamples or pseudoreplicates. Thus, single-cell data ...have a hierarchical structure that many current single-cell methods do not address, leading to biased inference, highly inflated type 1 error rates, and reduced robustness and reproducibility. This includes methods that use a batch effect correction for individual as a means of accounting for within-sample correlation. Here, we document this dependence across a range of cell types and show that pseudo-bulk aggregation methods are conservative and underpowered relative to mixed models. To compute differential expression within a specific cell type across treatment groups, we propose applying generalized linear mixed models with a random effect for individual, to properly account for both zero inflation and the correlation structure among measures from cells within an individual. Finally, we provide power estimates across a range of experimental conditions to assist researchers in designing appropriately powered studies.
Historically, researchers have sought to identify environmental causes of employee turnover. This paradigm has led to the underemphasis of individual differences as being an important cause of ...individuals' turnover decisions. The results of the meta‐analysis show that personality traits do have an impact on individuals' turnover intentions and behaviors. The trait of Emotional Stability best predicted (negatively) employees' intentions to quit, whereas the traits of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness best predicted (negatively) actual turnover decisions. A theoretically developed path model showed important direct effects from personality to intentions to quit and turnover behaviors that were not captured through job satisfaction or job performance. These direct effects indicate that employees who are low on Emotional Stability may intend to quit for reasons other than dissatisfaction with their jobs or not being able to perform their jobs well. The direct effects on turnover suggest that individuals who are low on Agreeableness or high on Openness may engage in unplanned quitting. Personality traits had stronger relationships with outcomes than did non‐self‐report measures of job complexity/job characteristics.
The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from an analysis of ν_{e} appearance data from 12.84×10^{20} protons on target in neutrino mode, an increase of approximately a factor of 2 over ...previously reported results. A ν_{e} charged-current quasielastic event excess of 381.2±85.2 events (4.5σ) is observed in the energy range 200<E_{ν}^{QE}<1250 MeV. Combining these data with the νover ¯_{e} appearance data from 11.27×10^{20} protons on target in antineutrino mode, a total ν_{e} plus νover ¯_{e} charged-current quasielastic event excess of 460.5±99.0 events (4.7σ) is observed. If interpreted in a two-neutrino oscillation model, ν_{μ}→ν_{e}, the best oscillation fit to the excess has a probability of 21.1%, while the background-only fit has a χ^{2} probability of 6×10^{-7} relative to the best fit. The MiniBooNE data are consistent in energy and magnitude with the excess of events reported by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND), and the significance of the combined LSND and MiniBooNE excesses is 6.0σ. A two-neutrino oscillation interpretation of the data would require at least four neutrino types and indicate physics beyond the three neutrino paradigm. Although the data are fit with a two-neutrino oscillation model, other models may provide better fits to the data.
Born to burnout Swider, Brain W; Zimmerman, Ryan D
Journal of vocational behavior,
06/2010, Letnik:
76, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
"We quantitatively summarized the relationship between Five-Factor Model personality traits, job burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), and ...absenteeism, turnover, and job performance. All five of the Five-Factor Model personality traits had multiple true score correlations of.57 with emotional exhaustion, .46 with depersonalization, and.52 with personal accomplishment. Also, all three dimensions of job burnout had multiple correlations of.23 with absenteeism, .33 with turnover, and.36 with job performance. Meta-analytic path modeling indicated that the sequential ordering of job burnout dimensions was contingent on the focal outcome, supporting three different models of the burnout process. Finally, job burnout partially mediated the relationships between Five-Factor Model personality traits and turnover and job performance while fully mediating the relationships with absenteeism." Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Forschungsmethode: empirisch-quantitativ; empirisch; Theorieanwendung; Aktenanalyse. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 1861 bis 2008. (author's abstract, IAB-Doku).
Introduction
Adequate decision-making in elderly colorectal cancer patients requires accurate information regarding risks of treatment. We analysed the outcome and survival of colorectal resections ...in the oldest old (≥85 years).
Methods
An analysis of the 2011–2012 data from two large nationwide registries: the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit (DSCA), containing all colorectal cancer resections, and the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR), containing survival data for all newly diagnosed malignancies.
Results
The study included more than 1200 patients aged ≥85 years (DSCA
n
= 1232, NCR
n
= 1206). The postoperative complication rate was 41 % in the oldest old. The frequency of cardiopulmonary complications rose rapidly with age, from 11 % in those <70 years to 38 % for the oldest old (
p
< 0.001). Postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 10 % in the oldest old. Three-month mortality was 14 % (compared with 3 % of patients <85 years;
p
< 0.001). One-year mortality was 24 % and 2-year mortality 36 %. After correction for expected mortality in the general population, excess mortality for the oldest old was 12 % in the first year and 3 % in the second year.
Conclusions
In this study of more than 1200 colorectal cancer patients aged ≥85 years undergoing surgical resection, we found high rates of cardiopulmonary complications and excess mortality, particularly in the first year after surgery. We propose that these data could be incorporated into individualized treatment algorithms, which also include detailed information regarding the patients’ health status.
Background
Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) is considered to be the gold standard for managing rectal prolapse. Nevertheless, concerns have been expressed about the use of this procedure in ...elderly patients. The aim of the current study was to examine the perioperative safety of primary LVMR operations in the oldest old in comparison to younger individuals and to assess our hospital policy of offering LVMR to all patients, regardless of age and morbidity.
Methods
A retrospective study analysed demographic information, operation notes, meshes utilised, operation times, lengths of hospital stay (LOS) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores of patients who underwent LVMR at Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital between 2012 and 2023.
Results
Eighty-seven female patients underwent LVMR. Nineteen patients were 80 years of age or older (OLD group); the remaining 65 patients were under the age of 80 (YOUNG group). The difference between the groups in terms of age was statistically significant. ASA scores were not significantly different. No mortality was observed. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of LOS, operation time or morbidity. Moreover, the postoperative morbidity profile was excellent in both groups.
Conclusion
LVMR seems to be a safe operation for the “oldest old” patients with comorbidity, despite a single-centre, retrospective trial with limited follow-up. The present study suggests abandoning the dogma that “frail patients with rectal prolapse are not suitable for laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy.”
► First crystal structures of animal serum albumins from cattle, horse and rabbit. ► Identification of calcium transport sites on bovine albumin. ► Identification of potential epitopes; sequence ...divergence in structural context. ► Effect of albumin conservation on potential cross-reactivity.
Serum albumin (SA) is the most abundant plasma protein in mammals. SA is a multifunctional protein with extraordinary ligand binding capacity, making it a transporter molecule for a diverse range of metabolites, drugs, nutrients, metals and other molecules. Due to its ligand binding properties, albumins have wide clinical, pharmaceutical, and biochemical applications. Albumins are also allergenic, and exhibit a high degree of cross-reactivity due to significant sequence and structure similarity of SAs from different organisms. Here we present crystal structures of albumins from cattle (BSA), horse (ESA) and rabbit (RSA) sera. The structural data are correlated with the results of immunological studies of SAs. We also analyze the conservation or divergence of structures and sequences of SAs in the context of their potential allergenicity and cross-reactivity. In addition, we identified a previously uncharacterized ligand binding site in the structure of RSA, and calcium binding sites in the structure of BSA, which is the first serum albumin structure to contain metal ions.
Understanding and control of the spin relaxation time T
is among the key challenges for spin-based qubits. A larger T
is generally favored, setting the fundamental upper limit to the qubit coherence ...and spin readout fidelity. In GaAs quantum dots at low temperatures and high in-plane magnetic fields B, the spin relaxation relies on phonon emission and spin-orbit coupling. The characteristic dependence T
∝ B
and pronounced B-field anisotropy were already confirmed experimentally. However, it has also been predicted 15 years ago that at low enough fields, the spin-orbit interaction is replaced by the coupling to the nuclear spins, where the relaxation becomes isotropic, and the scaling changes to T
∝ B
. Here, we establish these predictions experimentally, by measuring T
over an unprecedented range of magnetic fields-made possible by lower temperature-and report a maximum T
= 57 ± 15 s at the lowest fields, setting a record electron spin lifetime in a nanostructure.
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