Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC), la malformación congénita más frecuente, han experimentado un aumento de sobrevida y crecimiento exponencial de la población de adolescentes y adultos portadores de ...CC. Para el éxito a largo plazo urgen intervenciones que optimicen la transición de cuidados de salud desde los servicios pediátricos a los de adulto.Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento y manejo de la enfermedad, autoeficacia y calidad de vida en adolescentes y jóvenes con CC en periodo de transferencia en dos hospitales en Santiago de Chile.Pacientes y Método: Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se aplicó: a) Encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, conocimiento y manejo de su enfermedad y uso de servicios de salud; b) Escala Con-Qol de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud (CVRS) en pacientes con CC y c) Escala de Autoeficacia Generalizada (EAG).Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 51 pacientes, 53% hombres, edad promedio de 17 ± 2,49 años. El 22% de las CC fue de complejidad simple, 29% moderada y 49% alta. Presentaron alta autoeficacia y buenos niveles de calidad de vida, sin embargo, mostraron escaso conocimiento y manejo de su enfermedad cardiaca.Conclusiones: Destaca la poca preparación para lograr una transición exitosa a serviciosde adultos y jóvenes portadores de CC, siendo fundamental implementar programas de transición centrados en educación, autocuidado y automanejo de la enfermedad.
Purpose: In 2003, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington DC, established an alliance with the Adolescent Unit of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC), to develop a ...distance education program in "Adolescent Health and Development". PAHO awarded training grants to health professionals from Latin American and Caribbean countries until 2017. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of an E - learning program in "Adolescent Health and Development" in the performance of health professionals and functioning of health services. Methods: Descriptive study. The PUC database was used. 687 professionals with PAHO scholarships participated in the E-learning program between 2003 and 2017. A survey was sent via email after graduating, to evaluate the impact of the program. Three dimensions were analyzed, using a 1 to 10 scale. a) Improvements in individual professional competences: 17 competences defined by PAHO/ WHO to train providers in Adolescent comprehensive health care were used. These included: health and development areas; health programs and policies, and clinical care skills in specific health problems. b) Performance improvements: participant's perception of progress in adolescent health care, in five performance areas were assessed: change to a better job, greater autonomy, increase in resolutive capacity, greater patient satisfaction, and an improvement in their careers c) Improvements in the health system where they work: As a result of the implementation of what was learned. Results: 72% of the participants come from medical sciences, 14% come from psychology, and 14% from other professions. 69% are health providers, 17% are health authorities and 2% are academics. Improved perception of participants in 3 dimensions were found: · Improvements in individual professional competences: An average of 7 points was obtained, with higher scores in improving: a) effective interaction skills with adolescents and b) delivery of health care for adolescents, including HIV and other aspects of sexual and reproductive health. · Performance improvements: An average 7.2 was obtained. The highest scores were found in perception of patient satisfaction and resolutive capacity. · Improvements in the health system where they work: Improvement in treatment adherence by adolescents being the most relevant. Conclusions: This e - learning program for adolescent health and development, which has high tutor-student interaction and an emphasis on analysis of scenarios and clinical cases, improved the acquisition of skills and clinical performance of professionals a well as, functioning of adolescent health care services.
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate psychosocial functioning in different subtypes of eating disorders (ED), within a sample of adolescents receiving outpatient treatment in ...eating disorders centers in Chile. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory design study, in adolescents recruited in eating disorders treatment centers in Santiago, Chile. All patients met DSM-5 criteria. Patients with substance abuse or with other psychiatric disorders were excluded. After a written consent was obtained, an individually questionnaire with demographical and disease information was filled. Participants had to complete the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA), Version 3.0 (Bohn & Fairburn, 2008), a 16-item self - report questionnaire of functional impairment secondary to ED psychopathology during the past 28 days. Items investigate impairment in 3 individual domains of life (personal, social and cognitive). Results: 63 patients (76.2% women ) with ED were recruited between March 2017 and July 2018, with a mean age of 16.8 years (SD 2.56). Diagnoses included Anorexia Nervosa: 40 ( 63.5%) , Bulimia Nervosa: 13 (20.6%) , Avoidant Restrictive Eating Disorder: 4 (6.3%), Unspecified Eating Disorder: 3 (4.7%), and Binge Eating: 1 (1.6%). A high level of psychosocial impairment ( personal, social and cognitive) was found in ED adolescents studied, with a CIA score = 25.8 12.25 ( impairment score defined 16). Although, there was no significant differences in life domain specific -impairment between different types of ED, CIA global scores were higher in patients with BED, ARFID and AN purging type. No significant difference was found between psychosocial impairment and BMI, delay in diagnosis, medical sequelae, and number of previous treatment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Chilean adolescents with ED have a high level of psychosocial impairment independent of the type of ED or length of disease. This ED related impairment demonstrates the need to implement long-term care and follow-up services for adolescents with ED, with an emphasis on long-term psychosocial functioning. To accomplish this, and as a first step, there is a need to include mental health coverage by private insurance companies, and improve public mental health services in Chile.
Este artículo resume la experiencia de nueve años de trabajo colaborativo entre los Departamentos de Pediatría y Salud Pública de la Facultad de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de ...Chile y la Unidad de la Salud de la Niñez y Adolescencia de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington D.C., EE.UU. Se describe el proceso de creación e implementación del Diploma de Educación a distancia tipo e-learning "Desarrollo y Salud Integral del Adolescente", sus fortalezas y debilidades y algunos resultados de la evaluación de esta iniciativa.
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