Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognised as a promising material in a wide range of applications, from safety to energy-related devices. However, poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents ...has hindered the utilisation and applications of carbon nanotubes. As studies progressed, the methodology for CNTs dispersion was established. The current state of research in CNTs either single wall or multiwall/polymer nanocomposites has been reviewed in context with the various types of functionalisation presently employed. Functionalised CNTs have been playing an increasingly central role in the research, development, and application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials and systems. The extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, geometry, and hollow structure of nanomaterials are ideal for the adsorption of gas molecules. This offers great potential applications, such as in gas sensor devices working at room temperature. Particularly, the advent of CNTs has fuelled the invention of CNT-based gas sensors which are very sensitive to the surrounding environment. The presence of O
2
, NH
3
, NO
2
gases and many other chemicals and molecules can either donate or accept electrons, resulting in an alteration of the overall conductivity. Such properties make CNTs ideal for nano-scale gas-sensing materials. Conductive-based devices have already been demonstrated as gas sensors. However, CNTs still have certain limitations for gas sensor application, such as a long recovery time, limited gas detection, and weakness to humidity and other gases. Therefore, the nanocomposites of interest consisting of polymer and CNTs have received a great deal of attention for gas-sensing application due to higher sensitivity over a wide range of gas concentrations at room temperature compared to only using CNTs and the polymer of interest separately.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognised as a promising material in a wide range of applications, from safety to energy-related devices.
The disease with the fastest global growth rate, diabetes, has numerous complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which results in retinal lesions that affect vision, is one of these conditions. ...There are many DR levels, from moderate to extreme. Early DR detection and treatment can lower the risk of losing one's vision. It takes a lot of time and effort to identify DRs today since competent ophthalmologists must look at digitised, coloured retinal fundus images. This study uses SqueezeNet and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) in two rounds to provide a novel multilevel severity classification of DR. The fundus image is initially categorised using Squeezenet into the normal or abnormal class of DR. Here, the Fractional War Strategy Optimization (FrWSO), which combines War Strategy Optimization (WSO) and Fractional Calculus (FC), tunes the SqueezeNet. The severity level for the abnormal images is determined using DCNN in the second level decomposition. Additionally, the proposed Fractional War Royale Optimization (FrWRO) algorithm, which combines Battle Royale Optimization (BRO) with FrWSO, adjusts the weight of the DCNN. The tests show that the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the suggested approach are 0.911, 0.898, and 0.913, respectively, yielding the best performance.
Inclusive-based Islamic religious education is an innovative and strategic approach to preventing religious radicalism. Inclusive Islamic religious education is also a form of Islamic education ...reform that emphasizes anti-discrimination, tolerance and mutual respect. This study aims to determine inclusive-based Islamic religious education in preventing religious radicalism in Indonesia. A qualitative method with the type of library research, examines a variety of related data, originating from the main data sources as well as supporting data sources that have a direct link with the research. The data obtained were then analyzed by conducting content analysis. The results of this study are in the form of findings relating to the implementation of inclusive-based Islamic religious education in preventing religious radicalism, namely it is found that (a) the goals of religious education are ideological-absolusistic or oriented towards pluralist-inclusive (b) the curriculum of religious education is more oriented towards rigid laws and exclusive into a love-oriented curriculum that is inclusive (c) normative- textual material becomes normative-contextual (d) exclusive- doctrinaire educators become inclusive-moderate educators (tawasuth). (e) The textualist-scripturalist learning strategy becomes an objective-positive approach.
In this study, we investigate a generalized holographic dark energy model within the framework of dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity theory. By incorporating the Hubble parameter H and its ...higher order derivatives, we explore the equation of state and its implications for the expansion of the known universe using the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric. Our analysis reveals three distinct cases arising from the solutions to the Chern–Simons field equations, which depend on the chosen parameters. In the first two cases, we observe confirmation of the accelerated expansion of the universe, consistent with the predicted range of −1<ω<0. However, in the third case, the depicted behavior exhibits a phantom-like nature. It is important to note that irrespective of the case, the generalized holographic dark energy model supports the transition from deceleration to acceleration, aligning well with observational data. Furthermore, our findings establish that the generalized holographic dark energy model endorses the universe’s accelerated expansion within the framework of dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity theory.
•In the context of dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity theory, we consider a generalized holographic dark energy model in this study that combines the Hubble parameter H and its higher order derivatives.•We probed the equation of state to look into the known universe expansion using the FRW metric.•There arises three cases at the solution level of Chern Simons field equations for different choices of parameters.•The accelerated expansion of the universe was confirmed in the first two cases, as predicted −1<ω<0 while in the third case depictions showed a phantom-like behavior.•It is worth noting that in all three cases, the generalized holographic dark energy model supported the transition from deceleration to acceleration that was consistent with the observational data. Also, it is ascertained that a generalized HDE model endorsed the universe’s accelerated expansion in the framework of dynamical Chern Simons modified gravity theory.
The 70% ethanolic extracts from eight neglected fruits;
Muntingia calabura
,
Leucaena leucocephala
,
Spondias dulcis
,
Syzygium jambos
,
Mangifera caesia
,
Ardisia elliptica
,
Cynometra cauliflora
...and
Ficus auriculata
were evaluated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as total phenolic content. The results of this study revealed that
M. caesia
fruit extract demonstrated the most potent radical scavenging activity. Among the fruits examined for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity,
M. calabura
and
F. auriculata
exhibited strong activity with no significant difference. The Pearson correlation indicated that the activities of
M. caesia
and
F. auriculata
contributed by phenolic compounds. A total of 65 metabolites were tentatively identified by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHLPC-MS/MS). These findings suggested that the possible application of
M. caesia
and
F. auriculata
as a functional food with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.
Plants and plant-based products have been used for a long time for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities of eight selected underutilized ...plants in Malaysia:
, and
This study showed that the 70% ethanolic extract of all plants exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 51 to 344 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight.
showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
) values of 2.17 and 49.43 μg/mL, respectively. Most of the tested plant extracts showed higher inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity than the standard, quercetin, particularly
, and
extracts with IC
values of 0.29, 0.36, and 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 62 metabolites including flavonoids, triterpenoids, benzoquinones, and fatty acids were tentatively identified in the most active plant, i.e.,
leaf extract, by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap MS. This study suggests a potential natural source of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors from
.
In this research, we address the problem of solving (1 + 1)-dimensional fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (FCNLSE) with beta derivatives, which are essential for understanding wave ...dynamics in various physical systems. These equations have significant importance in practical applications, particularly in the design of optical fiber networks, signal processing, and control systems, where precise modeling of wave behavior is crucial. To tackle this problem, we employ two powerful mathematical methodologies, the modified exponential function method and the rational exp(
-
φ
(
η
))-expansion method. These methods are known for their ability to provide accurate analytical solutions to fractional nonlinear physical models, making them invaluable tools for solving complex mathematical problems. The growing popularity of fractional nonlinear partial differential equations stems from their versatile applicability, which extends to diverse domains of science and engineering. To approach the FCNLSE problem, we leverage a well-suited fractional complex wave transformation, effectively translating the original equation into a more tractable ordinary differential equation. This transformation sets the stage for the discovery of a wide range of solutions that encompass compactons, periodic cross-kink structures, peakons, as well as rational and cuspons solutions. These solutions are expressed in terms of rational, hyperbolic, trigonometric, and exponential functions, providing a rich mathematical tapestry to analyze and interpret. To enhance our comprehension of the physical significance of these solutions, we employ advanced visualization techniques, including the generation of three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and contour plots. These graphical representations offer a vivid insight into the dynamic behavior of the obtained solutions. Our findings not only emphasize the precision and effectiveness of the applied methodologies but also contribute significantly to the understanding of various physical phenomena. These novel solutions extend beyond previous efforts in the literature by introducing beta derivatives as a modeling tool for FCNLSE. Additionally, we uncover solution types that have not been previously reported, such as periodic cross-kink structures, expanding the landscape of possible solutions for FCNLSE.
•Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were successfully extracted from OPEFB.•Only 73.71 and 82.94% wt. of cellulose and lignin were recovered, respectively.•High recovery of hemicellulose (273.71% ...wt.) due to its impurities.•bmimCl degraded after the fourth cycle.
This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72±1.50% wt., 27.17±1.68% wt. and 16.82±1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869g/mol, 1736g/mol and 2695g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65°C, 236.25°C, and 201.40°C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle.
The purpose of this study was to describe the strategy of implementing a limited face-to-face learning policy in junior high school during the covid-19 pandemic. The study used qualitative method. ...This research was conducted at a State Junior High School in Merauke, Papua Province. Participants consisted of 30 people consisting of principals, teachers, and school committees. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documents. Data analysis techniques consist of 1) data collection, 2) data Reduction, 3) data display, and 4) conclusion. The validity of the data were credibility, transferability, dependability, and objectivity (confirmability). The finding shows that there were two main strategy which implemented in limited face-to-face learning policy in the school. It used to make the concepts of communication, the readiness of human resources, and the development of cooperative attitudes. The strategies were standard operational procedures and fragmentation. School made the rule for limited learning process. Standard Operational Procedures that are used as internal school demands to implement policies uniformly in junior high schools. Fragmentation is designed as a form of division of responsibility for implementing limited face-to-face learning policies. It is carried out by taking into account the nature of the policy to be implemented, and the distribution of responsibilities to all policy implementers. The strategy provided the concept of face-to-face learning is limited to meeting the needs of children's growth and development towards educational needs so learning activities must refer to the principles of health, safety, and children's rights.
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