A
bstract
Fermion dark matter (DM) interacting with the standard model through a Higgs portal requires non-renormalizable operators, signaling the presence of new mediator states at the electroweak ...scale. Collider signatures that involve the mediators are a powerful tool to experimentally probe the Higgs portal interactions, providing complementary information to strong constraints set by direct DM detection searches. Indirect detection experiments are less sensitive to this scenario. We investigate the collider reach for the mediators using three minimal renormalizable models as examples, and requiring the fermion DM to be a thermal relic. The Large Hadron Collider in its high-energy, high-luminosity phase can probe most scenarios if DM is lighter than about 200 GeV. Beyond this scale, future high-energy experiments such as an electron-positron collider or a 100-TeV proton-proton collider, combined with future direct detection experiments, are indispensable to conclusively test these models.
Enhanced neutrino polarizability Bansal, S.; Paz, G.; Petrov, A. A. ...
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2023, Letnik:
2023, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We point out that neutrinos can have enhanced couplings to photons, if light (pseudo)scalar mediators are present, resulting in a potentially measurable neutrino polarizability. We show ...that the expected suppression from small neutrino masses can be compensated by the light mediator mass, generating dimension 7 Rayleigh operators at low scales. We explore the rich phenomenology of such models, computing in detail the constraints on the viable parameter space, spanned by the couplings of the mediator to neutrinos and photons. Finally, we build several explicit models that lead to an enhanced neutrino polarizability by modifying the inverse see-saw majoron, i.e., the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of the U(1)
L
global lepton number responsible for generating small neutrino masses.
Diabetic retinopathy remains the leading cause of blindness among working-age U.S. adults largely due to low screening rates. Rural populations face particularly greater challenges to screening ...because they are older, poorer, less insured, and less likely to receive guideline-concordant care than those in urban areas. Current patient education efforts may not fully address multiple barriers to screening faced by rural patients. We sought to characterize contextual factors affecting rural patient adherence with diabetic eye screening guidelines.
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 29 participants (20 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and 9 primary care providers) in a rural, multi-payer health system. Both inductive and directed content analysis were performed.
Factors influencing rural patient adherence with diabetic eye screening were categorized as environmental, social, and individual using the Ecological Model of Health. Major themes included limited access to and infrequent use of healthcare, long travel distances to obtain care, poverty and financial tradeoffs, trusting relationships with healthcare providers, family members' struggles with diabetes, anxiety about diabetes complications, and the burden of diabetes management.
Significant barriers exist for rural patients that affect their ability to adhere with yearly diabetic eye screening. Many studies emphasize patient education to increase adherence, but current patient education strategies fail to address major environmental, social, and individual barriers. Addressing these factors, leveraging patient trust in their healthcare providers, and strategies targeted specifically to environmental barriers such as long travel distances (e.g. teleophthalmology) may fill crucial gaps in diabetic eye screening in rural communities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Polar growth in Agrobacterium pirates and repurposes well-known bacterial cell cycle proteins, such as FtsZ, FtsA, PopZ, and PodJ. Here we identify a heretofore unknown protein that we name GROWTH ...POLE RING (GPR) due to its striking localization as a hexameric ring at the growth pole during polar growth. GPR also localizes at the midcell late in the cell cycle just before division, where it is then poised to be precisely localized at new growth poles in sibling cells. GPR is 2,115 aa long, with two N-terminal transmembrane domains placing the bulk of the protein in the cytoplasm, N- and C-terminal proline-rich disordered regions, and a large 1,700-aa central region of continuous α-helical domains. This latter region contains 12 predicted adjacent or overlapping apolipoprotein domains that may function to sequester lipids during polar growth. Stable genetic deletion or riboswitch-controlled depletion results in spherical cells that grow poorly; thus, GPR is essential for wild-type growth and morphology. As GPR has no predicted enzymatic domains and it forms a distinct 200-nm-diameter ring, we propose that GPR is a structural component of an organizing center for peptidoglycan and membrane syntheses critical for cell envelope formation during polar growth. GPR homologs are found in numerous Rhizobiales; thus, our results and proposed model are fundamental to understanding polar growth strategy in a variety of bacterial species.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 contains four replicons, circular chromosome (CC), linear chromosome (LC), cryptic plasmid (pAt), and tumor-inducing plasmid (pTi), and grows by polar growth from a ...single growth pole (GP), while the old cell compartment and its old pole (OP) do not elongate. We monitored the replication and segregation of these four genetic elements during polar growth. The three largest replicons (CC, LC, pAt) reside in the OP compartment prior to replication; post replication one copy migrates to the GP prior to division. CC resides at a fixed location at the OP and replicates first. LC does not stay fixed at the OP once the cell cycle begins and replicates from varied locations 20 min later than CC. pAt localizes similarly to LC prior to replication, but replicates before the LC and after the CC. pTi does not have a fixed location, and post replication it segregates randomly throughout old and new cell compartments, while undergoing one to three rounds of replication during a single cell cycle. Segregation of the CC and LC is dependent on the GP and OP identity factors PopZ and PodJ, respectively. Without PopZ, replicated CC and LC do not efficiently partition, resulting in sibling cells without CC or LC. Without PodJ, the CC and LC exhibit abnormal localization to the GP at the beginning of the cell cycle and replicate from this position. These data reveal PodJ plays an essential role in CC and LC tethering to the OP during early stages of polar growth.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causative agent of crown gall, a disease of dicotyledonous plants characterized by a tumorous phenotype. Earlier in this century, scientific interest in A. ...tumefaciens was based on the possibility that the study of plant tumors might reveal mechanisms that were also operating in animal neoplasia. In the recent past, the tumorous growth was shown to result from the expression of genes coded for by a DNA segment of bacterial origin that was transferred and became stably integrated into the plant genome. This initial molecular characterization of the infection process suggested that Agrobacterium might be used to deliver genetic material into plants. The potential to genetically engineer plants generated renewed interest in the study of A. tumefaciens. In this review, we concentrate on the most recent advances in the study of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, its relationship to conjugation, DNA processing and transport, and nuclear targeting. In the following discussion, references for earlier work can be found in more comprehensive reviews (Hooykaas and Schilperoort, 1992; Zambryski, 1992; Hooykaas and Beijersbergen, 1994).
Measuring α in B ( t ) → ρ ± π Gronau, M.; Zupan, J.
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
10/2004, Letnik:
70, Številka:
7
Journal Article
The proportion of child deaths that occurs in the neonatal period (38% in 2000) is increasing, and the Millennium Development Goal for child survival cannot be met without substantial reductions in ...neonatal mortality. Every year an estimated 4 million babies die in the first 4 weeks of life (the neonatal period). A similar number are stillborn, and 0.5 million mothers die from pregnancy-related causes. Three-quarters of neonatal deaths happen in the first week-the highest risk of death is on the first day of life. Almost all (99%) neonatal deaths arise in low-income and middle-income countries, yet most epidemiological and other research focuses on the 1% of deaths in rich countries. The highest numbers of neonatal deaths are in south-central Asian countries and the highest rates are generally in sub-Saharan Africa. The countries in these regions (with some exceptions) have made little progress in reducing such deaths in the past 10-15 years. Globally, the main direct causes of neonatal death are estimated to be preterm birth (28%), severe infections (26%), and asphyxia (23%). Neonatal tetanus accounts for a smaller proportion of deaths (7%), but is easily preventable. Low birthweight is an important indirect cause of death. Maternal complications in labour carry a high risk of neonatal death, and poverty is strongly associated with an increased risk. Preventing deaths in newborn babies has not been a focus of child survival or safe motherhood programmes. While we neglect these challenges, 450 newborn children die every hour, mainly from preventable causes, which is unconscionable in the 21st century.
AbstractA computational approach is presented to estimate the in vivo magnitude and spatial distribution of mechanical material properties of soft tissues. This strategy utilizes an optimization-type ...inverse problem solution procedure with a shape-based objective function to estimate the difference between the measured and predicted tissue behavior and estimate mechanical properties from standard untagged clinical imaging data. A set of simulated inverse problems was used to evaluate the inverse solution estimation procedure based on estimating the passive elasticity of the human right and left ventricle walls from standard cardiac imaging data and corresponding hemodynamic measurements. Results showed that the proposed shape-based approach can estimate mechanical material properties accurately, although the accuracy is dependent on the spatial region considered and the relative stiffness. The solution accuracy also was shown to be tolerant to the presence of model error. Moreover, additional tests showed that the accuracy of the material property estimate of a priority region of the structure of interest can be improved, while simultaneously desensitizing the solution to additional model error, by selecting an appropriate portion of the response shape to use within the objective function.
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