Coccolithophore assemblages recovered from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1313 are investigated to reconstruct the palaeoceanographic evolution of a sector of the North Atlantic ...during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 19 (~790–760ka) at orbital, suborbital and millennial time-scales.
The end of the glacial MIS 20 is marked by the arrival of cold waters, deriving from ice melting at higher latitudes, as recorded by Coccolithus pelagicus pelagicus. The MIS 19c is characterised by an extension of warmer North Atlantic Transitional Waters (NATW) reflecting the intensification of subtropical gyre influence on Site U1313, identified by an increase in warm species Umbilicosphaera sibogae. The influence on the site of cooler NATW is inferred from higher percentages of Gephyrocapsa margereli, which starts increasing from ~779ka. Finally, the transition from MIS 19a to MIS 18 is characterised by a southward shift of the palaeoceanographic system due to a southward extension of the subpolar front, as indicated by an increase of cold subspecies C. pelagicus pelagicus.
The evolution of the palaeoproductivity proxy records (number of coccoliths/g of sediment and Nannofossil Accumulation Rate — NAR) and the abundances of small Gephyrocapsa, G. margereli, U. sibogae and C. pelagicus pelagicus show that fluctuations in sea-surface productivity and alternations between cooling and warming phases occurred on the precessional timescale.
Spectral analyses of U. sibogae, number of coccoliths/g of sediment and NAR indicate a significant concentration of variance close to half precession (~10kyr); this reflects a nonlinear response of the mid-latitude North Atlantic surface ocean to low-latitude insolation forcing.
Furthermore, millennial to multi-centennial instability in sea-surface dynamics is highlighted by spectral and wavelet analyses of U. sibogae, G. margereli and C. pelagicus pelagicus percentages, number of coccoliths/g of sediment and NAR, which reveal the occurrence of rapid events, related to stadial and interstadial-type conditions.
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•Sea-surface dynamics for ~800–760ka (MIS 20–18) based on nannoplankton assemblages•Changes in the position and/or strength of the NAC and NATW driven by insolation•Control of obliquity and precession on the temporal distribution of some coccoliths•Presence of harmonics of precession (10kyr cycles) originated from the low latitudes•Palaeoceanographic instability also occurs at millennial timescale.
Since the publication of the Revised European-American Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms in 1994, subsequent updates of the classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms have been generated ...through iterative international efforts to achieve broad consensus among hematopathologists, geneticists, molecular scientists, and clinicians. Significant progress in the characterization of malignancies of the immune system in the last years, with many new insights provided by genomic studies, have led to the current proposal. We have followed the same process that was successfully used for the 3rd and 4th editions of the WHO classification of hematological neoplasms. The definition, recommended studies, and criteria for the diagnosis of many entities have been extensively refined. Some categories considered provisional are now upgraded to definite entities. Terminology of some diseases has been revised to adapt nomenclature to the current knowledge of their biology, but these modifications have been restricted to well-justified situations. Major findings from recent genomic studies have impacted the conceptual framework and diagnostic criteria for many disease entities. These changes will have an impact on optimal clinical management. The conclusions of this work are summarized in this report as the proposed International Consensus Classification (ICC) of mature lymphoid, histiocytic, and dendritic cell tumors.
With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been characterized at an ...unprecedented scale. Although the principles for the classification and diagnosis of these disorders, founded on a multidimensional definition of disease entities, have been consolidated over the past 25 years, novel genomic data have markedly enhanced our understanding of lymphomagenesis and enriched the description of disease entities at the molecular level. Yet, the current diagnosis of lymphoid tumors is largely based on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with only few entities being defined by genomic criteria. This paper, which accompanies the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms, will address how established assays and newly developed technologies for molecular testing already complement clinical diagnoses and provide a novel lens on disease classification. More specifically, their contributions to diagnosis refinement, risk stratification, and therapy prediction will be considered for the main categories of lymphoid neoplasms. The potential of whole-genome sequencing, circulating tumor DNA analyses, single-cell analyses, and epigenetic profiling will be discussed because these will likely become important future tools for implementing precision medicine approaches in clinical decision making for patients with lymphoid malignancies.
Complementing the recently published Blood articles outlining the 2022 International Consensus Classifications for hematological malignancies (Vol. 140, Issue 11), this pair of Special Reports illustrates how molecular pathology can be applied to precision medicine. de Leval and colleagues summarize the potential of DNA sequencing of tumors and cell-free plasma, epigenetic profiling, and single-cell analyses to inform clinical decision-making about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment for patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Similarly, Duncavage and colleagues cover genomic profiling for myeloid neoplasms and the acute leukemias, focusing principally on somatic changes but also with emphasis on the emerging importance of germline gene mutations in certain diseases. Both articles provide up-to-date references for how to apply genomic information to practice.
The aim of this study was to identify the clinical, demographic, lifestyle factors and selected genetic polymorphisms that affect the susceptibility towards Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection ...in gastric cancer patients. Histological confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma cases that underwent curative gastrectomy between 2002 and 2012 were included. Gastric biopsy samples were obtained to determine the H. pylori status, and further cagA status and vacA m and s genotypes by polymerase chain reaction. Patients were interviewed with structured questionnaires, and blood samples were collected for EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, IL1B, IL1-RN, MTHFR and p53 genotyping. Proportions were compared in univariate analysis, while the relation between putative risk factors and H. pylori status and genotype were measured using logistic regression analysis. One hundred forty-nine gastric cancer patients were included, of which 78.5 % were H. pylori positive. Among positive patients 50 % were cagA+, 72.5 % vacA m1 and 80.7 % vacA s1. The presence of cagA was less frequent among vacA m1 (p = 0.031) and vacA s1 (p = 0.052) subtypes. The presence of father history for any cancer was a significant risk factor for H. pylori infection adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 8.18, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04–64.55. EPHX1 exon 3 T > C (OR = 0.35, CI 95 % 0.13–0.94), IL1B-511 T > C (OR = 0.38, CI 95 % 0.15–0.97) and IL1-RN VNTR (OR = 0.19, CI 95 % 0.06–0.58) polymorphisms were protective towards H. pylori infection in the univariate analysis. Wine consumption was associated with higher risk of carrying the H. pylori vacA m1 virulent subtype (p = 0.034). Lastly, cardiovascular diseases were less common among cagA positive subjects (p = 0.023). Father history of any cancer is a risk factor for H. pylori infection. Polymorphisms in IL1B-511, IL1-RN and EPHX1 exon 3 genes might be protective towards H. pylori infection.
