Currently, studies using video games as an intervention to improve cognitive functions in the elderly are on the rise.
To investigate and evaluate the effects of cognitive interventions using video ...games on cognition in healthy elderly people published in the last ten years.
A systematic review involving a qualitative analysis carried out between July and September 2021on the SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE databases..
A total of 262 articles were identified in the initial search. After exclusion of duplicates, analysis of titles/abstracts and of the full text, a final total of 9 studies were included in the review. The objectives of the studies included investigating the effects on cognition of cognitive training (CT) programs using video games compared to programs using entertainment games or to low-intensity CT games. Despite the growing number of studies, many of them were focused on cognitive rehabilitation in elderly people with some degree of cognitive impairment, and few involved training among healthy elderly people.
According to the studies analyzed, the interventions involving CT with video games promoted significant improvements in processing speed and working memory, but no improvements in executive functions.
Very elderly critically ill patients (ie, those older than 75 or 80 years) are an increasing population in intensive care units. However, patients with cancer have encompassed only a minority in ...epidemiological studies of very old critically-ill patients. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and identify factors associated with hospital mortality in a cohort of patients aged 80 or older with cancer admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). This was a retrospective cohort study in 94 ICUs in Brazil. We included patients aged 80 years or older with active cancer who had an unplanned admission. We performed a mixed effect logistic regression model to identify variables independently associated with hospital mortality. Of 4604 included patients, 1807 (39.2%) died in hospital. Solid metastatic (OR = 2.46; CI 95%, 2.01-3.00), hematological cancer (OR = 2.32; CI 95%, 1.75-3.09), moderate/severe performance status impairment (OR = 1.59; CI 95%, 1.33-1.90) and use of vasopressors (OR = 4.74; CI 95%, 3.88-5.79), mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.54; CI 95%, 1.25-1.89) and renal replacement (OR = 1.81; CI 95%, 1.29-2.55) therapy were independently associated with increased hospital mortality. Emergency surgical admissions were associated with lower mortality compared to medical admissions (OR = 0.71; CI 95%, 0.52-0.96). Hospital mortality rate in very elderly critically ill patients with cancer with unplanned ICU admissions are lower than expected a priori. Cancer characteristics, performance status impairment and acute organ dysfunctions are associated with increased mortality.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Dementias secondary to cardiovascular diseases are the second cause of neurogenerative diseases. These conditions can be prevented by controlling risk factors, and it is necessary to observe the ...relationship between chronic diseases. Objective: to know the influence of chronic non-communicable diseases on cognition and depressive symptoms in the elderly, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 578 older adults were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and an open questionnaire related to NCDs. Results: the association of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) with age, depressive symptoms and schooling was confirmed. Conclusion: no association with cognitive decline was evident due to the relationship of high schooling of participants and control of NCDs.
RESUMO. As demências secundárias às doenças cardiovasculares são a segunda causa de doenças neurodegenerativas. Essas condições podem ser prevenidas pelo controle de fatores de risco, sendo necessário observar a relação entre doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Conhecer a influência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) na cognição e nos sintomas depressivos em pessoas idosas, em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Foram avaliados 578 idosos utilizando um questionário sociodemográfico, o Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e um questionário aberto relacionado às DCNT. Resultados: Foi confirmada a associação das DCNT crônicas com idade, sintomas depressivos e escolaridade. Conclusão: Nenhuma associação com declínio cognitivo foi evidente em razão da relação da alta escolaridade dos participantes com o controle das DCNT.
This study aimed to develop and evaluate bread with the use of pulp and flours of pequi, in partial replacement of water and wheat flour, to develop a bakery product with good technological, ...nutritional and sensorial qualities. The pequi husk and pulp flours were obtained by means of a thermal pre-treatment, oven drying and standardization of the dry material. Whereas, the bread formulation was defined through the baker's formulation. Besides, the dehydration process caused significant changes (p<0.05) in the L* value and chromaticity (C*), mainly of the flours (husk and pequi pulp), such changes are due to non-enzymatic oxidative processes and pigment degradation, especially carotenoids. The effect of the substitution of ingredients (wheat flour and water) by husk and pulp flours and pequi pulp contributed to the increase in lipid, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and energy value content. However, the substitution promoted changes in the attributes of color and textural properties, such as increased hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness. Nevertheless, all formulations showed good sensory acceptance and thus, pequi sweet breads can be implemented in school meals for contributing and meeting the nutritional recommendations established by the School Feeding Brazilian Program (PNAE).
In this study, the microencapsulation of Swiss cheese bioaroma through spray drying was examined. The fermented whey permeate (bioaroma) produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii was characterized ...and used as active for microencapsulation process using spray drying. The effect of inlet air temperature drying (Ti), and modified starch concentrations (% MS) was evaluated using the response surface methodology to examine the physical, chemical and morphological properties of various microparticles produced. The rheological analysis of suspensions prepared with different concentrations of modified starch in maltodextrin combination showed that Newtonian model was appropriate to describe the characteristics of flow. It was found that greater retention of acetic and propionic acids was obtained with intermediate air inlet temperature and modified starch concentrations (175°C; 50% MS), and the extreme values of the variables resulted low retentions. Lower values of moisture and water activity were obtained with 50% of modified starch, and the temperature influenced positively only in water activity of the microparticles. The bulk density and average particle diameter were positively influenced by the concentration of modified starch, and interaction of air inlet temperature and starch concentration only influenced the average diameter of the microparticles. The morphology of the particles had a spherical shape with diameters varying between microns and millimeters.
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•We evaluated microencapsulation of Swiss cheese bioaroma through spray-drying.•Fermented whey permeate (bioaroma) was produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii.•Greater retention of actives was obtained with 50% of starch and maltodextrin.
Estudos brasileiros e internacionais constataram reconfigurações na composição dos Grupos de Pesquisa para atender demandas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, a nível acadêmico, social ou inovativo. ...No entanto, o cenário constatado em estudos empíricos estrangeiros é que aumentar o número de pesquisadores (de forma desnecessária/não planejada) pode comprometer negativamente variáveis endógenas (indicadores internos, como: produções bibliográficas; formação de recursos humanos, e; atividades de pesquisa) e variáveis exógenas (qualificação da produção científica e dos próprios pesquisadores). Desta forma, este artigo realiza uma revisão da literatura sobre os desdobramentos do tamanho de Grupos de Pesquisa à luz da Teoria dos Rendimentos de Escala. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, é uma pesquisa explicativa que adotou o método de abordagem hipotético dedutivo e empreendeu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica. A revisão de literatura revelou algumas descobertas relevantes, tais como: Grupos menores alcançam melhores desempenhos que Grupos com mais pesquisadores; há evidentes relações entre o crescimento do número de pesquisadores em Grupos maiores e uma consequente redução na média da produção e citações. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que os Grupos de Maior porte ao redor do mundo podem obter melhores rendimentos de escala se diminuírem em duas ou três vezes o seu o tamanho.
Brazilian and international studies have found reconfigurations in the composition of Research Groups to meet the demands of Science, Technology and Innovation, at the academic, social or innovative level. However, the scenario found in foreign empirical studies is that increasing the number of researchers (unnecessarily/unplanned) can negatively compromise endogenous variables (internal indicators, such as: bibliographic productions; training of human resources, and; research activities) and exogenous variables (qualification of scientific production and of researchers themselves). Thus, this article performs a review of the literature on the consequences of the size of Research Groups in the light of the Scale Income Theory. As for the methodological procedures, it is an explanatory research that adopted the method of deductive hypothetical approach and a literature search was undertaken. The literature review revealed some relevant findings, such as: Smaller groups achieve better performances than Groups with more researchers; there are evident relationships between the growth in the number of researchers in larger groups and a consequent reduction in the average production and citations. Based on the results obtained, it was found that Larger Groups around the world can obtain better returns to scale if they reduce their size by two or three times.
Estudios brasileños e internacionales han encontrado reconfiguraciones en la composición de los Grupos de Investigación para atender las demandas de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, a nivel académico, social o innovador. Sin embargo, el escenario encontrado en estudios empíricos extranjeros es que el aumento del número de investigadores (innecesariamente / no planificado) puede comprometer negativamente variables endógenas (indicadores internos, tales como: producciones bibliográficas; formación de recursos humanos y; actividades de investigación) y variables exógenas ( calificación de la producción científica y de los propios investigadores). Así, este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre las consecuencias del tamaño de los Grupos de Investigación a la luz de la Teoría de la Renta de Escalas. En cuanto a los procedimientos metodológicos, se trata de una investigación explicativa que adoptó el método de enfoque hipotético deductivo y se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica. La revisión de la literatura reveló algunos hallazgos relevantes, tales como: Los grupos más pequeños logran mejores desempeños que los Grupos con más investigadores; existen evidentes relaciones entre el crecimiento del número de investigadores en grupos más grandes y la consecuente reducción de la producción media y de las citas. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se encontró que Grupos más grandes alrededor del mundo pueden obtener mejores rendimientos a escala si reducen su tamaño en dos o tres veces.
to identify the knowledge of professionals of mental health services and social work on Behavior Disorders (BD) in childhood and adolescence, and to analyze their actions in care for children and ...adolescents with such disorders.
a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study with 13 professionals from two mental health services and two tutorial councils. The data were collected in interviews and submitted to thematic content analysis.
three categories emerged from the interviews: "Knowledge about behavior disorders", which defines BD as deviations from normality and lack of limits. "Integrated and group care", which explains the integrated, multidisciplinary and group actions. "Specialized and legal care", which explains the actions through specialized, medical and judicial care.
the results point out weaknesses and knowledge gaps of professionals, causing potential harm in the programming of effective actions, such as identification, referral and therapeutic planning.
The working memory (WM) training in older adults can benefit their cognition. However, there is a dearth of literature reviews on the subject. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and evaluate ...the effects of WM training on the cognition of healthy older adults, in individual and group interventions reported in the literature. Methods: This is a systematic review involving a qualitative analysis of publications on the SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases carried out between March and June 2021. Results: A total of 47 studies were identified and analyzed, comprising 40 in older adults only and 7 comparing older and younger adults, investigating individual or group WM training or other types of intervention focused on WM effects. Conclusions: Both individual and group intervention contributed to the maintenance and/or improvement of cognition in older adults exploiting brain plasticity to promote mental health and prevent cognitive problems that can negatively impact quality of life of this group.
RESUMO. O treino da memória operacional (WM) com idosos pode gerar benefícios em sua cognição. Entretanto, há escassez de revisões da literatura sobre o tema. Objetivo: Investigar e avaliar, na literatura, os efeitos do treino da WM na cognição de idosos saudáveis, em intervenções individuais e grupais. Métodos: Estudo de revisão sistemática realizado entre março e junho de 2021, utilizando-se as bases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Resultados: Foram identificados e analisados 47 estudos, 40 apenas com idosos, e sete comparativos entre idosos e adultos mais jovens, que realizaram treino individual ou em grupo com foco nos efeitos na WM. Conclusões: Os trabalhos analisados mostraram que ambos os tipos de intervenções podem contribuir para a manutenção e/ou melhoria da cognição de pessoas idosas, aproveitando sua plasticidade cerebral e, portanto, para a promoção de sua saúde mental e para a prevenção de problemas cognitivos que podem interferir em sua qualidade de vida.
This study aimed to evaluate the emission factor of N2O, CH4, and the volatilization of NH3 for the combination of feces or urine with increasing doses of ammonium nitrate in tropical palisade grass ...pastures. The emission of greenhouse gases was assessed in eight treatments combining feces and urine with doses (75 and 150 kg of N ha−1) of ammonium nitrate, (32% N). The emission factor of N2O was 0.11, 0.19, and 0.17% for feces, urine, and 75 kg N ha−1 year−1 (as ammonium nitrate) and showed an additive linear effect when feces or urine were combined with increasing doses of N fertilizer. The emission factor of CH4 of feces (0.18 kg CH4 animal−1 year−1) was similar irrespective of combination with ammonium nitrate. The N loss by volatilized NH3 has a decreasing linear effect (p < 0.05) for the combination of feces or urine with ammonium nitrate. We concluded that N2O and CH4 emission factors of feces and urine in tropical climate conditions are lower than those reported by the IPCC. However, their N2O emission factors are sharply enhanced when combined with ammonium nitrate. These results may contribute to improvements in national and regional greenhouse gas inventories of livestock production.
PurposeSports leagues, such as Major League Soccer (MLS), aim at expanding their audience at global level through alternative media other than television (TV). Brazil stands out among football media ...consumer audiences as one of the main markets worldwide. Brazilian MLS consumers play the role of fans to converge between TV media and digital platforms, in a phenomenon that has been called Social TV.Design/methodology/approachThe aim of the current research is to investigate how Brazilian MLS fans' consumption process is established through Social TV; it was done based on netnography performed between 2018 and 2020.FindingsResults have indicated that Social TV is a catalyst of practices associated with fan culture: cultural convergence, technologies appropriations, poaching experiences and production of a collective intelligence.Research limitations/implicationsCurrent research reinforces how ethnography methodology has been gaining room as likely consumer market research, working as alternative method based on the prevalence of focus group and survey techniques.Practical implicationsSocial TV phenomenon presents itself as a possibility to expand and direct marketing strategies focused on sports management, just as the media often consumed by fans.Originality/valueFrom the results, it is possible assuming that connections between fans are punctually guided by their relationship with the cultural object consumed by them in a network relationship whose actors deindividualize sociocultural practices such as consumption. Thus, the main contribution of the study lies on identifying how fan culture can be autonomously established in the market arena in comparison to other cultures.
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