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Preclinical and clinical data indicate that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotomimetic compound from the Cannabis sativa plant, can induce antipsychotic-like effects. In an animal model ...of schizophrenia based on the antagonism of NMDA receptors, the behavioral and molecular changes induced by repeated treatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 were prevented when CBD was co-administered with MK-801. It is unknown, however, if CBD would reverse these changes once they have been established. Thus, in the present study we used male C57BL/6J mice, 6 weeks old, to evaluate whether daily CBD injection for seven days, starting after the end of the repeated treatment with MK-801 for 14 days, would reverse MK-801-induced deficits in the social interaction (SI) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, which have been used to investigate the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively. We also assessed whether CBD effects would be blocked by pretreatment with AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, AM630, a CB2 receptor antagonist, or WAY100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. CBD and the second-generation antipsychotic clozapine, used as a positive control, attenuated the impairments in the SI and NOR tests induced by repeated administered MK-801. CBD effects were blocked by WAY100635, but not by AM251 or AM630. These data suggest that CBD induces antipsychotic-like effects by activating 5-HT1A receptors and indicate that this compound could be an interesting alternative for the treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a situation of acute abdomen that is treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation, specially in the first hours. This method can be done with Ringer Lactate (RL) solution or ...Normal Saline (NS). This study compares both solutions, LR and NS, in the treatment of AP.
The population was anyone with an age over 18 years and was treated with RL (Intervention) or NS (Control) for AP. We made a search on Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane. Therefore, we selected randomized trials which compare the solutions in the first hours. The primary outcomes: mortality, necrosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in twenty-four hours, treatment in intensive care unit (ICU) and length of stay. A random-effects model was used for outcomes with high heterogeneity.
This meta-analysis included 296 adults from five randomized trials comparing RL and NS as fluid resuscitation in the first hours. The statistics were made with Risk Ratio (RR) between the dichotomous outcomes. Treatment in intensive care unit (ICU), RR 0.39 95% Cl, 0.18–0.85; Necrosis, RR 0.46 95% Cl, 0.24–0.88; Mortality, RR 0.28 95% Cl, 0.05–1.66; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in 24 h, RR 0.68 95% Cl, 0.39–1.19. And for the Length of stay was made a mean difference: -0.36 95% Cl, −0.94- 0.21.
Then, according to the statistics, it's visible that the use of RL tends to be more beneficial to acute pancreatitis than NS in the initial hours.
To evaluate the effectiveness of using advanced triage protocols on the length of stay, safety and satisfaction of the patients and professionals in the emergency department.
A systematic review with ...meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials included in the Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and in the gray literature, using Review Manager 5.4. Studies that analyzed length of stay in their outcomes were included and the studies excluded were those that considered other triage protocols.
26,672 peer-reviewed studies were found and ten were included in the meta-analysis. For the patients' length of stay, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=8,229), showing a 36-minute reduction (-0.36-0.55;-0.17 p=0.002), a result with low certainty of evidence, favorable to the intervention, varying between -0.53 (-0.81;- 0.25) and -0.29 (-0.50;-0.07) in the analysis of the subgroups. Regarding the exams requested, five studies were included (n=2,270), indicating that there is no significant difference between the groups (odds ratio 0.94 0.64;1.38). Four studies (n=6,094) analyzed the patients' and the professionals' satisfaction, indicating a favorable result to the intervention.
The advanced triage protocol reduced length of stay in the emergency room without compromising care safety and quality, although more randomized clinical studies on the theme are needed. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid devoid of psychostimulant properties and is currently under investigation as a potential antidepressant drug. However, the mechanisms underlying CBD's ...antidepressant effects are not yet well understood. CBD targets include a variety of receptors, enzymes, and transporters, with different binding-affinities. Neurochemical and pharmacological evidence indicates that both serotonin and BDNF-TrkB signalling in the prefrontal cortex are necessary for the antidepressant effects induced by CBD in animal models. Herein, we reviewed the current literature to dissect if these are independent mechanisms or if CBD-induced modulation of the serotonergic neurotransmission could mediate its neuroplastic effects through subsequent regulation of BDNF-TrkB signalling, thus culminating in rapid neuroplastic changes. It is hypothesized that: a) CBD interaction with serotonin receptors on neurons of the dorsal raphe nuclei and the resulting disinhibition of serotonergic neurons would promote rapid serotonin release in the PFC and hence its neuroplastic and antidepressant effects; b) CBD facilitates BDNF-TRKB signalling, especially in the PFC, which rapidly triggers neurochemical and neuroplastic effects. These hypotheses are discussed with perspectives for new drug development and clinical applications.
Resumo Objetivo comparar o nível de dependência dos cuidados de Enfermagem e o dimensionamento de pessoal entre unidades de internação clínica e cirúrgica. Método estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, ...realizado em quatro unidades de internação de um hospital universitário de grande porte do sul do Brasil. Foram incluídos 7.486 registros da classificação dos pacientes entre janeiro e outubro de 2022. Empregou-se a análise estatística descritiva, demanda de horas de Enfermagem, projeção de pessoal e teste qui-quadrado. Resultados prevaleceram os pacientes de cuidados intermediários (40,2%) e semi-intensivos (40,8%), com diferença entre as unidades (p-valor<0,001). Em todas as unidades verificou-se o déficit de enfermeiros. Em uma unidade clínica, o quadro de técnicos/auxiliares de Enfermagem projetado era igual ao disponível (n=46). Em duas unidades, verificou-se um discreto a moderado superávit de pessoal de nível médio. A unidade de internação cirúrgica que teve a melhor taxa de classificação (92,3%) apresentou maior discrepância entre o dimensionamento prescrito e o real. Conclusão e implicações para prática as unidades apresentaram uma elevada dependência do cuidado de Enfermagem. Ao considerar também as taxas de ocupação e de adesão à classificação de pacientes, é plausível que uma das unidades clínicas tenha a maior demanda de cuidados.
Abstract Objective to compare the level of dependence on nursing care and staffing between clinical and surgical inpatient units. Method This is a descriptive, retrospective study carried out in four inpatient units of a large university hospital in southern Brazil. A total of 7,486 patient classification records were included between January and October 2022. Descriptive statistical analysis, demand for nursing hours, staff projections, and the chi-square test were used. Results Intermediate care (40.2%) and semi-intensive care (40.8%) patients prevailed, with a difference between the units (p-value<0.001). There was a shortage of nurses in all the units. In one clinical unit, the projected number of nursing technicians/assistants was the same as the number available (n=46). In two units, there was a slight to moderate surplus of mid-level staff. The surgical inpatient unit with the best classification rate (92.3%) showed the greatest discrepancy between the prescribed and actual sizing. Conclusion and implications for practice the units were highly dependent on nursing care. When also considering occupancy rates and adherence to patient classification, it is plausible that one of the clinical units has the highest demand for care.
Resumen Objetivo comparar el nivel de dependencia de los cuidados de Enfermería y el dimensionamiento de personal entre las unidades de hospitalización clínica y quirúrgica. Método estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, realizado en cuatro unidades de hospitalización de un gran hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Se incluyeron datos de 7.486 registros de clasificación de pacientes entre enero y octubre de 2022. Se utilizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, demanda de horas de Enfermería y proyección de personal, además de comparación mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado entre unidades. Resultados predominaron los pacientes de cuidados intermedios (40,2%) y semi-intensivos (40,8%), con diferencia entre unidades (p-valor<0,001). En todas las unidades había escasez de enfermeros. En una unidad clínica, el número de técnicos/auxiliares de Enfermería proyectados era igual al disponible (n=46). En dos unidades, hubo un excedente de leve a moderado de personal de nivel medio. La unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica que tuvo la mejor tasa de clasificación (92.3%) tuvo la mayor discrepancia entre el tamaño prescrito y el real. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las unidades mostraron alta dependencia de los cuidados de Enfermería. Sin embargo, considerando también los índices de ocupación y la adherencia a la clasificación de los pacientes, es posible que una de las unidades clínicas presente la mayor demanda de atención.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade do uso de protocolos de triagem avançada no tempo de permanência, segurança e satisfação dos pacientes e profissionais no serviço de emergência. Método Revisão ...sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados das bases de dados Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library e literatura cinza, utilizando o Review Manager 5.4. Foram incluídos estudos que analisaram tempo de permanência em seus desfechos e excluídos estudos que consideraram outros protocolos de triagem. Resultados Foram encontrados 26.672 estudos, revisados por pares, e dez foram incluídos na metanálise. Para tempo de permanência dos pacientes, sete estudos foram incluídos na metanálise (n=8.229), mostrando uma redução de 36 minutos (-0,36-0,55; -0,17 p=0,002), resultado com baixa certeza de evidências, favorável à intervenção, variando entre -0,53(-0,81; - 0,25) e -0,29(-0,50; -0,07) na análise dos subgrupos. Quanto aos exames solicitados, cinco estudos foram incluídos (n=2270), indicando que não há diferença significativa entre os grupos (odds ratio 0,94 0,64;1,38). Quatro estudos (n=6094) analisaram a satisfação dos pacientes e profissionais, apontando um resultado favorável à intervenção. Conclusão O protocolo de triagem avançada reduziu o tempo de permanência na emergência sem comprometer a segurança e a qualidade do atendimento, embora sejam necessários mais estudos clínicos randomizados sobre o tema. Registrado na PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).
Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of using advanced triage protocols on the length of stay, safety and satisfaction of the patients and professionals in the emergency department. Method A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials included in the Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and in the gray literature, using Review Manager 5.4. Studies that analyzed length of stay in their outcomes were included and the studies excluded were those that considered other triage protocols. Results 26,672 peer-reviewed studies were found and ten were included in the meta-analysis. For the patients’ length of stay, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=8,229), showing a 36-minute reduction (-0.36-0.55;-0.17 p=0.002), a result with low certainty of evidence, favorable to the intervention, varying between -0.53 (-0.81;- 0.25) and -0.29 (-0.50;-0.07) in the analysis of the subgroups. Regarding the exams requested, five studies were included (n=2,270), indicating that there is no significant difference between the groups (odds ratio 0.94 0.64;1.38). Four studies (n=6,094) analyzed the patients’ and the professionals’ satisfaction, indicating a favorable result to the intervention. Conclusion The advanced triage protocol reduced length of stay in the emergency room without compromising care safety and quality, although more randomized clinical studies on the theme are needed. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).
Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad del uso de protocolos de triage avanzado en la duración de la estancia, seguridad y satisfacción de los pacientes y profesionales en el servicio de emergencia. Método Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de las bases de datos Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library y de la literatura gris, utilizando Review Manager 5.4. Se incluyeron los estudios que analizaron la duración de la estancia en sus resultados y se excluyeron los estudios que consideraron otros protocolos de triage. Resultados Se encontraron 26.672 estudios, fueron revisados por pares y diez se incluyeron en el metaanálisis. Para la duración de la estancia de los pacientes, se incluyeron siete estudios en el metaanálisis (n=8.229), que muestran una reducción de 36 minutos (-0,36 -0,55; -0,17 p=0,002), un resultado con baja certeza de la evidencia, favorable a la intervención, que osciló entre -0,53(-0,81;-0,25) y -0,29(-0,50;-0,07) en el análisis de los subgrupos. En cuanto a las pruebas solicitadas, se incluyeron cinco estudios (n=2270) que indican que no hay diferencia significativa entre los grupos (odds ratio 0,94 0,64; 1,38). Cuatro estudios (n=6094) analizaron la satisfacción de los pacientes y profesionales e indican que la intervención tuvo un resultado favorable. Conclusión El protocolo de triage avanzado redujo la estancia en el servicio de emergencia sin comprometer la seguridad y la calidad de la atención, aunque es necesario que se realicen más ensayos clínicos aleatorizados sobre el tema. Registrado en PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).
Delayed therapeutic responses and limited efficacy are the main challenges of existing antidepressant drugs, thereby incentivizing the search for new potential treatments. Cannabidiol (CBD), ...non-psychotomimetic component of cannabis, has shown promising antidepressant effects in different rodent models, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the antidepressant-like effects of repeated CBD treatment on behavior, neuroplasticity markers and lipidomic profile in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), a genetic animal model of depression, and their control counterparts Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. Male FSL animals were treated with CBD (10 mg/kg; i.p.) or vehicle (7 days) followed by Open Field Test (OFT) and the Forced Swimming Test (FST). The PFC was analyzed by a) western blotting to assess markers of synaptic plasticity and cannabinoid signaling in synaptosome and cytosolic fractions; b) mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to investigate endocannabinoid levels (eCB). CBD attenuated the increased immobility observed in FSL, compared to FRL in FST, without changing the locomotor behavior in the OFT. In synaptosomes, CBD increased ERK1, mGluR5, and Synaptophysin, but failed to reverse the reduced CB1 and CB2 levels in FSL rats. In the cytosolic fraction, CBD increased ERK2 and decreased mGluR5 expression in FSL rats. Surprisingly, there were no significant changes in eCB levels in response to CBD treatment. These findings suggest that CBD effects in FSL animals are associated with changes in synaptic plasticity markers involving mGluR5, ERK1, ERK2, and synaptophysin signaling in the PFC, without increasing the levels of endocannabinoids in this brain region.
•Repeated treatment with CBD induces antidepressant-like effects in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats.•CBD antidepressant effect is associated with changes in synaptic plasticity markers in the prefrontal cortex.•Lipidomic (endocannabinoid) levels in the prefrontal cortex were not affected by the repeated treatment with CBD.
Abstract Objective to compare the level of dependence on nursing care and staffing between clinical and surgical inpatient units. Method This is a descriptive, retrospective study carried out in four ...inpatient units of a large university hospital in southern Brazil. A total of 7,486 patient classification records were included between January and October 2022. Descriptive statistical analysis, demand for nursing hours, staff projections, and the chi-square test were used. Results Intermediate care (40.2%) and semi-intensive care (40.8%) patients prevailed, with a difference between the units (p-value<0.001). There was a shortage of nurses in all the units. In one clinical unit, the projected number of nursing technicians/assistants was the same as the number available (n=46). In two units, there was a slight to moderate surplus of mid-level staff. The surgical inpatient unit with the best classification rate (92.3%) showed the greatest discrepancy between the prescribed and actual sizing. Conclusion and implications for practice the units were highly dependent on nursing care. When also considering occupancy rates and adherence to patient classification, it is plausible that one of the clinical units has the highest demand for care.
Resumo Objetivo comparar o nível de dependência dos cuidados de Enfermagem e o dimensionamento de pessoal entre unidades de internação clínica e cirúrgica. Método estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado em quatro unidades de internação de um hospital universitário de grande porte do sul do Brasil. Foram incluídos 7.486 registros da classificação dos pacientes entre janeiro e outubro de 2022. Empregou-se a análise estatística descritiva, demanda de horas de Enfermagem, projeção de pessoal e teste qui-quadrado. Resultados prevaleceram os pacientes de cuidados intermediários (40,2%) e semi-intensivos (40,8%), com diferença entre as unidades (p-valor<0,001). Em todas as unidades verificou-se o déficit de enfermeiros. Em uma unidade clínica, o quadro de técnicos/auxiliares de Enfermagem projetado era igual ao disponível (n=46). Em duas unidades, verificou-se um discreto a moderado superávit de pessoal de nível médio. A unidade de internação cirúrgica que teve a melhor taxa de classificação (92,3%) apresentou maior discrepância entre o dimensionamento prescrito e o real. Conclusão e implicações para prática as unidades apresentaram uma elevada dependência do cuidado de Enfermagem. Ao considerar também as taxas de ocupação e de adesão à classificação de pacientes, é plausível que uma das unidades clínicas tenha a maior demanda de cuidados.
Resumen Objetivo comparar el nivel de dependencia de los cuidados de Enfermería y el dimensionamiento de personal entre las unidades de hospitalización clínica y quirúrgica. Método estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, realizado en cuatro unidades de hospitalización de un gran hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Se incluyeron datos de 7.486 registros de clasificación de pacientes entre enero y octubre de 2022. Se utilizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, demanda de horas de Enfermería y proyección de personal, además de comparación mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado entre unidades. Resultados predominaron los pacientes de cuidados intermedios (40,2%) y semi-intensivos (40,8%), con diferencia entre unidades (p-valor<0,001). En todas las unidades había escasez de enfermeros. En una unidad clínica, el número de técnicos/auxiliares de Enfermería proyectados era igual al disponible (n=46). En dos unidades, hubo un excedente de leve a moderado de personal de nivel medio. La unidad de hospitalización quirúrgica que tuvo la mejor tasa de clasificación (92.3%) tuvo la mayor discrepancia entre el tamaño prescrito y el real. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las unidades mostraron alta dependencia de los cuidados de Enfermería. Sin embargo, considerando también los índices de ocupación y la adherencia a la clasificación de los pacientes, es posible que una de las unidades clínicas presente la mayor demanda de atención.
O trabalho descrito neste documento foi realizado na empresa Basecone e tem como intuito explorar a arquitetura de micro frontends, de modo que a empresa possa futuramente aprimorar a arquitetura da ...sua aplicação e adotar práticas inovadoras que podem potencialmente otimizar a eficiência e flexibilidade do desenvolvimento de software.Ao longo do projeto foi conduzida uma pesquisa no contexto dos micro frontends, abordando práticas, identificação de anti padrões e exploração de tecnologias associadas.Uma arquitetura de micro frontends pode nem sempre se adequar em determinada situação, por isso é sempre necessário considerar-se o contexto, a organização das equipas e atributos de qualidade que importam. Desse modo, o sistema da Basecone é um produto webpara automação de processos de pré-contabilidade, que suporta várias ferramentas contabilísticas e a ligação a novas ferramentas tem vindo a ser planeada. Além disso, o desenvolvimento é distribuído por equipas multidisciplinares, cada uma responsável por ferramentas contabilísticas distintas, sendo a autonomia das equipas, a facilidade de implantação, a manutenibilidade e o desempenho da solução, os fatores que se buscam enfatizar.Para isso, foi realizada uma prova de conceito com dimensões mais reduzidas que procurou representar parte do sistema atual da empresa, o que permitiu estabelecer uma análise mais controlada, com uma comparação clara entre uma implementação com o frontend monolítico e os micro frontends.Os resultados obtidos permitiram compreender se a arquitetura de micro frontends se adequa ao caso estudado e se é capaz de responder de forma mais eficaz aos desafios enfrentados pela empresa. Comparativamente à arquitetura vigente, os micro frontendsapresentaram-se como uma solução promissora.Espera-se que esta pesquisa não apenas beneficie a empresa Basecone, mas também sirva como referência para casos semelhantes que considerem a adoção desta opção arquitetural.
Objective: The objective of this article is to conduct a comprehensive review of recent advances in locoregional therapies for early and locally advanced breast cancer, emphasizing the integration of ...these approaches into comprehensive treatment plans. Initially, this study explores contemporary findings related to surgical techniques, radiation therapy, and the integration of systemic treatments, such as targeted therapies and chemotherapy, as part of a cohesive treatment strategy. Theoretical Framework: Breast cancer remains a significant public health issue, with locoregional therapy playing a critical role in the management of early and locally advanced stages of the disease. The evolution of treatment strategies reflects a deepening understanding of the disease's biological behavior and the necessity for tailored therapeutic approaches. Method: A systematic review was conducted using major scientific databases to collect relevant articles on recent advances in locoregional therapy for breast cancer, from surgical innovations to advanced radiation techniques. Specific keywords were used to identify studies that address new findings and interdisciplinary approaches, facilitating the synthesis of effective strategies and the identification of gaps in current research. Results and Discussion: Recent research has improved surgical precision and radiation delivery techniques, reducing side effects and enhancing treatment efficacy. Innovations in intraoperative radiation and the growing use of neoadjuvant therapies offer promising results, optimizing tumor control and preserving patient quality of life. However, challenges remain in achieving consistent results across different patient populations, underscoring the need for personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient characteristics and tumor biology.
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