The goal of this study was to investigate whether S100B is involved in 5‐FU‐induced enteric neuron death during intestinal mucositis. This study was approved by ethical committee of Federal ...university of Ceará (protocol n° 80/2015). Intestinal mucositis was induced by injecting a single dose of 5‐FU (450 mg/kg, IP) and the mice were euthanized after 3 days. The mice were pretreated with Pentamidine, an S100B inhibitor, (4 mg/kg daily) for three days. The animals were euthanized and small intestine tissues (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were collected to evaluate S100B expression by Western Blot, enteric neuron alterations by immunohistochemistry for HuC/D (neuron marker), neuronal death by TUNEL Assay and double staining of HuC/D with RAGE or NFκB NLS. A primary culture of enteric neuron from the small intestine was performed to evaluate the direct effect of 5‐FU and S100B in neuron death using a TUNEL assay. 5‐FU reduced (p<0.01) HuC/D protein expression and increased (p<0.01) S100B protein expression in the small intestine, as well as increased (p<0.01) TUNEL positive cells on jejunum of mice compared with control group. 5‐FU enhanced RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in enteric neurons in the jejunum compared to control group. Pentamidine prevented (p<0.01) these alterations induced by 5‐FU in the intestine. Higher S100B concentration, but not 5‐FU, directly caused (p<0.0001) enteric neuron death. This study showed an important role for enteric glia cells in 5‐FU‐induced enteric neuron death via S100B, during intestinal mucositis. Our results suggest that enteric glial cells release S100B, which in turn activates NFκB signaling through RAGE activation in neurons, leading to neuronal cell death during intestinal mucositis induced by 5‐FU. Therefore, the S100B signaling pathway appears to be a promising pharmacological target to prevent 5‐FU‐induced enteric neuron death.
Support or Funding Information
PROCAD/CAPES, CNPq, FUNCAP
This is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
A qualificação profissional vem caracterizando-se como objeto de crescente interesse para as políticas públicas, ganhando também atenção das pesquisas acadêmicas no campo do turismo. Assim, o ...objetivo deste trabalho é analisar metodologias utilizadas em pesquisas nos campos de estudo das políticas públicas de qualificação profissional e da qualificação profissional em turismo. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em uma revisão integrativa de literatura acerca dos campos de estudo mencionados, com levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, Spell, Redalyc e Google Acadêmico. Foram analisados 45 trabalhos e identificados 20 procedimentos metodológicos de pesquisa. As pesquisas contribuem para construção de um histórico das políticas da área e um panorama da diversidade de programas nas regiões brasileiras, todavia a produção é insuficiente sobre avaliação dos resultados dos programas e sobre as ações de qualificação em turismo. Como resultado da análise das metodologias, averiguou-se que parte das pesquisas visava debates mais teóricos e conceituais; parte debruçou-se sobre dados e documentos; e parte analisou a execução prática do fenômeno. Quanto às contribuições para o tema "Políticas públicas de qualificação profissional em turismo", apreendeu-se ainda que a escolha na dimensão de qualificação que será abordada (educação/trabalho/política) possui influência na escolha da metodologia da pesquisa.
The use of bisphosphonates constitutes the gold-standard therapy for the control and treatment of bone diseases. However, its long-term use may lead to gastric problems, which limits the treatment. ...Thus, this study aimed to formulate a nanostructured system with biodegradable polymers for the controlled release of alendronate sodium. The nanoparticles were characterized, and its gastric toxicity was investigated in rats. The synthesis process proved to be effective for encapsulating alendronate sodium, exhibiting nanoparticles with an average size of 51.02 nm and 98.5% of alendronate sodium incorporation. The release tests demonstrated a controlled release of the drug in 420 min, while the morphological analyzes showed spherical shapes and no apparent roughness. The biological tests demonstrated that the alendronate sodium nanoformulation reversed the gastric lesions, maintaining the normal levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase. Also, the encapsulated alendronate sodium showed no toxicity in murine osteoblastic cells, even at high concentrations.
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•How chemical changes in cashew gum occur efficiently as shown in the FTIR profile.•The nanoparticle composed of two polymers incorporated about 95% of the ALD.•The formulations did not show toxicity to human.•The formulations did not show toxicity to human erythrocytes.•The PACG 15–1 sample reduced the side effects caused by sodium alendronate.•The PACG 15–1 sample showed no toxicity in osteoblastic cells.
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the participation of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the pathophysiology of oral mucositis. Methods: Oral mucositis was induced in hamsters using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 60 ...and 40 mg/kg; i.p., on days 1 and 2, respectively, and with excoriations in jugal mucosa on day 4). Montelukast (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/d; gavage), MK886 (3 mg/kg/d, i.p.), or saline or celecoxib (7.5 mg/kg/d; i.p.) was administered 1 h prior to 5-FU and daily, until the fourth (MK886) or tenth day, when the animals were euthanized and their jugal mucosa was collected for macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: Neither montelukast nor MK-886 prevented the oral mucositis induced by 5-FU, as observed by histopathological evaluation. In addition, we did not find significant differences in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase-2, cyclooxygenase-2, or interleukin (IL)-1β between the experimental and control groups. However, we did observe a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression for all doses of montelukast; we also observed a significant decrease in IL-10 with 40 mg/kg/d and MK 886. Conclusions: Cysteinyl leukotrienes do not play an important role in experimental oral mucositis induced by 5-FU. There is a modulating action specifically on TNF-α.
A representatividade do salto alto Attab, Renan Martins da Conceição; Fernandes, Priscila da Silva
Política e Gestão Educacional,
12/2020, Letnik:
24, Številka:
esp3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Esse trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como o salto alto esteve presente por tanto tempo no processo evolutivo sociocultural, abordando as consequências que esse tipo de calçado produzia, ...principalmente no ambiente de trabalho, desmitificando o poder de fascinação que ele provoca nas mulheres e compreender a questão do fetiche masculino com relação a esse objeto. Como metodologia, foi realizada uma pesquisa na qual se analisou fatos históricos, blogs e artigos científicos para o desenvolvimento teórico. Como resultado, obteve-se que o uso do salto alto no cotidiano pode ser muito prejudicial à coluna e às pernas da mulher e que o uso desse calçado é fruto de uma cultura machista, fundamentada no fetichismo do imaginário masculino.
Abstract only
Introduction
5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is broadly used to treatment of breast and colorectal cancer. However, it induces side effects as intestinal mucositis. Studies several has been ...performed to reduce the 5‐FU‐induced intestinal injury. In this regard, the α‐bisabolol (1‐methyl‐4‐(1,5‐dimethyl‐1‐hydroxhex‐4 (5)‐enyl)‐cyclohexen‐1) (BISA) has not yet been investigated in treatment of the 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis. BISA is a monocyclic sesquiterpene found in essential oils of a variety of plants such as chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, Compositae, syn. M. recutita), arnica (Arnica amplexicaulis and A. chamissonis), sage (Salvia stenophylla) incanus Eremanthus, Vanillosmopsis arborea among others. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BISA in the 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis.
Methods and Results
Swiss Mice (weighing 25 to 30 grams) received DMSO 2% (control) or 5‐FU (450 mg/kg, i.p., single dose). After 24h, BISA (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, dissolved at DMSO 2%) was injected by orogastric gavage during three days and the animals were euthanized four hours after last dose of BISA. The mice's body weight were evaluated daily. The ileum segments were collected to evaluate following parameters: histopatological analysis, count number of mast cells, reduced glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. The ileum segments were extracted, measured and processed by histology routine and dyed with Hematoxiline eosine, Masson' Trichrome with toluidine blue 1% for mast cell counting and with picrosirius red for the total collagen fibers. 5‐FU promoted accentuated weight loss, shortening villus, loss of crypt architecture, intense inflammatory cells infiltrate along ileum layer. Moreover, 5‐FU increased the number of mast cells (53,80±3.426); DMSO (22,20±2.21); BISA‐50 (53,80±3.426);BISA‐100 (31,60±1.621); BISA‐200(79,20±4.923) and MPO levels (6,532±1,354);DMSO (2,402±0,2190);BISA 50 (4,678±0,3424);BISA 100(3,382±0,3239); BISA 200 (4,330±0,6093) in ileum, as well as decreased GSH levels compared with control group. The experimental group presented increased vascular density compared to the control group.
Conclusion
These results show that BISA had a protective effect against intestinal injury induced by 5‐FU. Moreover, we also showed that BISA reduces 5‐FU‐induced the mastocytosis. However, more tests are needed to evaluate the BISA mechanism in the 5‐FU‐induced intestinal mucositis.
Support or Funding Information
Footnotes:
This study received funding of CAPES.
The use of biomaterials in medical and dental areas has become increasingly important due to the need to restore areas with bone loss or defects. This study analyzed the use of a new elastin polymer ...matrix combined with Bone Morphogenetic Protein for the repair of cranial defects in rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: control (C) defect without graft, E24 (defect filled with elastin matrix submitted to alkaline hydrolysis at 50°C for 24 h), E24/BMP (defect filled with elastin matrix treated at 50°C for 24 h plus BMP), E96 (defect filled with elastin matrix treated at 37°C for 96 h) and E96/BMP (defect filled with elastin matrix treated at 37°C for 96 h plus BMP). The animals were killed after 6 weeks. In the histological and microtomographic analysis, all groups showed bone growth from the defect margins remaining in this region without a marked inflammatory process, but in the E96/BMP group the lamellae were thicker and the collagen fibers more organized. Histometrically, the same group presented higher percentage of new formation (43.25 ± 3.72) in relation to the other groups. It was concluded that the support and delivery system formed by the elastin matrix associated with BMPs had a positive effect on the bone repair process.
Objectives To evaluate nitrate reductase assay (NRA) efficacy for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Methods Results were ...generated by three laboratories: the Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory and two IAL Regional Laboratories in Santo André and Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. One hundred and twenty M. tuberculosis strains were simultaneously tested using NRA and the proportion method (PM), while 117 strains were tested using both NRA and BACTEC MGIT 960 (M960). Results Repeatability analysis of NRA results showed rates of 100% for isoniazid and ethambutol and 97% for streptomycin and rifampicin susceptibility detection, representing substantial agreement. McNemar testing of the data also indicates that NRA and PM, as well as NRA and M960, do not differ significantly. On average, NRA results were available after 10 days. Conclusions The data demonstrate that NRA is reliable for susceptibility testing of isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most important drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. In addition, the reduction in the time necessary to obtain susceptibility results is of fundamental importance.
: Polyanionic collagen matrix prepared by hydrolysis side chain amides of asparagine and glutamine was mineralized in vivo, without inflammatory response, biodegradation, or resorption, with calcium ...phosphate deposited in close resemblance to the D‐periodicity of collagen fibrils assembly. In vitro results with the same material produced mineralized collagen fibers with a similar morphology and chemical characteristics, suggesting that amide hydrolysis may have introduced into this matrix, signs for the controlled mineralization of collagen fiber. TEM indicated that amide hydrolysis occurred near the OVERLAP and GAP zones, as suggested by the significant reduction in inter‐band distances in these regions. The lack of an inflammatory response associated to the similar mineralization pattern observed in vivo and in vitro suggests not only the biomimetic behavior of polyanionic collagen matrix, but also its potential uses as scaffold for bone tissue reconstruction. Based on these results, a model for the in vitro mineralization was also proposed.
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