Resumo: Esta proposta baseou-se no modelo estrutural para análise da avaliação formativa, composto por processos inter-relacionados: comunicação de expectativas e critérios de sucesso; obtenção, ...coleta e interpretação de informações; fornecimento de feedback; e regulação da aprendizagem. Para ajudar o professor na implementação da avaliação formativa, articularam-se, com esses processos, as práticas: metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) e dimensões culturais de Hofstede. Durante um semestre e meio avaliou-se estatisticamente o desempenho de 55 estudantes. Competências e habilidades foram avaliadas em situações-problemas retiradas do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. O perfil cultural foi determinado pelo questionário Value Survey Model 1994. Como resultado observou-se melhora no desempenho acadêmico (p<0,05) e no comportamental dos estudantes (p<0,05). Porém, como a atribuição de nota é exigência do sistema, a postura avaliativa percorreu um nível intermediário entre classificatória e formativa. Formulários de apoio incluídos no plano pedagógico da escola favoreceram a prática de avaliação formativa.
Abstract: This proposal was based on a structural model for analyzing formative assessment that is composed of interrelated processes: communication of expectancies and success criteria, elicitation, collection and interpretation of information, provision of feedback, and regulation of learning. To help the teacher in the implementation of formative assessment, specific practices were articulated with those processes, namely the problem-based learning (PBL) methodology and Hofstede's cultural dimensions. For one semester and a half, the performance of 55 students was statistically evaluated. Competences and abilities were assessed in problem situations taken from Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, and the cultural profile was determined by the Value Survey Model 1994 questionnaire. As a result, there was an improvement in both students' academic performance (p<0.05) and behavioral performance (p<0.05). However, as rating is a requirement in the system, the evaluation was at an intermediate degree between classificatory and formative. Supportive feedback forms included in the school’s pedagogical plan favored the practice of formative assessment.
Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) is a new Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithm that combines time series approach and image processing to derive ...surface reflectance and atmosphere products, such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) and columnar water vapor (CWV). The quality assessment of MAIAC AOD at 1 km resolution is still lacking across South America. In the present study, critical assessment of MAIAC AOD(sub 550) was performed using ground-truth data from 19 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites over South America. Additionally, we validated the MAIAC CWV retrievals using the same AERONET sites. In general, MAIAC AOD Terra/Aqua retrievals show high agreement with ground-based measurements, with a correlation coefficient (R) close to unity (R(sub Terra):0.956 and R(sub Aqua):0.949). MAIAC accuracy depends on the surface properties and comparisons revealed high confidence retrievals over cropland, forest, savanna, and grassland covers, where more than 2/3 (approximately 66%) of retrievals are within the expected error (EE = +/-(0.05 + 0.05 × AOD)) and R exceeding 0.86. However, AOD retrievals over bright surfaces show lower correlation than those over vegetated areas. Both MAIAC Terra and Aqua retrievals are similarly comparable to AERONET AOD over the MODIS lifetime (small bias offset approximately 0.006). Additionally, MAIAC CWV presents quantitative information with R approximatley 0.97 and more than 70% of retrievals within error (+/-15%). Nonetheless, the time series validation shows an upward bias trend in CWV Terra retrievals and systematic negative bias for CWV Aqua. These results contribute to a comprehensive evaluation of MAIAC AOD retrievals as a new atmospheric product for future aerosol studies over South America.
DC. is a plant species from the Asteraceae family that is endemic to Brazil. Despite the great importance of
genus, no study has been carried out regarding either the phytochemical composition of
or ...the evaluation of its larvicidal potential. Considering the intrinsic immiscibility of essential oils, this study shows larvicidal nanoemulsions containing the
phytochemically characterized essential oil and its main constituent against
. The major compound found was d-limonene (25.7%). The essential oil inhibited the acetylcholinesterase, one of the main targets of insecticides. The required hydrophile-lipophile balance of both nanoemulsions was 15.0. The mean droplet sizes were around 90.0 nm, and no major alterations were observed after 24 h of preparation for both formulations. After 48 h of treatment, the estimated LC
values were 118.94 μg mL
and 81.19 μg mL
for
essential oil and d-limonene nanoemulsions, respectively. Morphological alterations evidenced by scanning electron micrography were observed on the larvae treated with the d-limonene nanoemulsion. This paper demonstrated a simple and ecofriendly method for obtaining
essential oil and d-limonene aqueous nanoemulsions by a non-heating and solvent-free method, as promising alternatives for
control.
This study describes the characterization of pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of acetaminophen (APAP) in the Two-Organ-Chip platform (2-OC), a two-chamber device able to cultivate 3D tissues under ...flow. The APAP intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism were emulated by human intestine and liver equivalents respectively. The intestinal barrier was produced using Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. The liver spheroids were produced with HepaRG and HHSTeC cells. Cell viability and toxicity were assessed by MTT assay, histology, confocal immunohistochemistry, and multiparametric high content analysis. Gene expression of intestine and liver equivalents were assessed by real-time PCR. Three assemblies of Microphysiological System (MPS) were applied: Intestine 2-OC, Liver 2-OC, and Intestine/Liver 2-OC. The oral administration was emulated by APAP placement over the apical side of the intestinal barrier and the intravenous routes were mimic by the application in the medium. Samples were analyzed by HPLC/UV. APAP 12 μM or 2 μM treatment did not induce cytotoxicity for the intestinal barrier (24 h time-point) or for the liver spheroids 12 h time-point), respectively. All preparations showed slower APAP absorption than reported for humans: Peak time (Tmax) = 12 h for Intestine 2-OC and 6 h for Intestine/Liver 2-OC in both static and dynamic conditions, against reported Tmax of 0,33 to 1,4 h after oral administration to humans. APAP metabolism was also slower than reported for humans. The APAP half-life (T1/2) was 12 h in the dynamic Liver 2-OC, against T1/2 = 2 ± 0,4 h reported for humans. Samples taken from the Liver 2-OC static preparation did not show APAP concentration decrease. These findings show the MPS capability and potential to emulate human PK properties and highlight the critical role of mechanical stimulus over cell functionality, especially by demonstrating the clear positive influence of the microfluidic flow over the liver equivalents metabolic performance.
•Flow-induced a robust improvement of the liver equivalents metabolic activity.•Intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism could be emulated in the 2-OC MPS.•Intestine/Liver 2-OC has great potential in providing data transposable to humans.
Pterodon emarginatus Vogel is a Brazilian species that belongs to the family Fabaceae, popularly known as sucupira. Its oil has several biological activities, including potent larvicidal property ...against Aedes aegypti. This insect is the vector of dengue, a tropical disease that has been considered a critical health problem in developing countries, such as Brazil. Most of dengue control methods involve larvicidal agents suspended or diluted in water and making active lipophilic natural products available is therefore considered a technological challenge. In this context, nanoemulsions appear as viable alternatives to solve this major problem. The present study describes the development of a novel nanoemulsion with larvicidal activity against A. aegypti along with the required Hydrophile Lipophile Balance determination of this oil. It was suggested that the mechanism of action might involve reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and our results also suggest that the P. emarginatus nanoemulsion is not toxic for mammals. Thus, it contributes significantly to alternative integrative practices of dengue control, as well as to develop sucupira based nanoproducts for application in aqueous media.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim
To evaluate the performance of XP‐endo Finisher R instruments when removing root filling remnants from oval‐shaped canals using microcomputed tomographic (micro‐CT) imaging as the analytical ...tool. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used as a reference technique for comparison.
Methodology
Twenty mandibular incisors with oval‐shaped canals were matched based on similar anatomic features of the canal (volume, aspect ratio and 3D configuration) after scanning procedures. The canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 instruments, filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer using the single‐cone technique and retreated up to a Reciproc R40 instrument. After retreatment procedures, the specimens were rescanned, and the homogeneity between the specimens, the oval‐shaped anatomy and the remaining filling material were confirmed. The pair‐matched samples were assigned to two experimental groups (n = 10), according to the supplementary approach used: XP‐endo Finisher R or PUI. Each sample was scanned after each endodontic procedure. The volume of remaining root filling material was quantified before and after the use of each supplementary approach. This analysis was performed considering the total canal (Student t‐test) and also by thirds (anova procedure followed by a Bonferroni correction). Data were analysed statistically with a significance level of 5%.
Results
The volume of root filling material at baseline was similar between the groups (t‐test, P = 0.787). XP‐endo Finisher R removed significantly more root filling material compared to PUI (t‐test, P = 0.015), as it removed a mean of ≅32% material compared to 12% for the PUI. There was no difference in the amount of root filling material removed in the root canal thirds after using both supplementary approaches (one‐way anova, P = 0.07 for XP‐endo Finisher R and P = 0.886 for PUI).
Conclusions
Both supplementary approaches significantly reduced the volume of remaining root filling material from oval‐shaped canals. The XP‐endo Finisher R instrument removed significantly more root filling material than PUI. None of the supplementary approaches was able to render oval‐shaped canals completely free from remaining root filling material.
Aim
To compare the efficiency of M‐Wire Reciproc and Reciproc Blue instruments in the removal of root filling material and in their ability to regain apical patency through micro‐computed tomographic ...(micro‐CT) analysis.
Methodology
Ten anatomically matched pairs of teeth, with a single oval‐shaped straight canal, were selected and scanned in a micro‐CT device. The root canals were prepared with M‐Wire Reciproc R25 instruments and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer. The root canals were then randomly allocated into two groups (n = 10), according to the instrument used: M‐Wire Reciproc and Reciproc Blue. The canals were retreated up to instrument sizes 25 and then 40 in both groups. The surface area and volume of residual filling material were assessed using micro‐CT imaging after the retreatment procedures. The time required to remove the root fillings was recorded. Data were analysed statistically using t‐test with a significance level of 5%.
Results
No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between the instruments in terms of the volume of residual root filling material. Apical enlargement from size 25 to 40 significantly improved the removal of filling materials (P < 0.05). It was possible to regain apical patency in all specimens from both M‐Wire Reciproc and Reciproc Blue groups. No difference was observed in the time required to perform the retreatment between the instruments.
Conclusions
Both M‐Wire Reciproc and Reciproc Blue instruments were effective in removing filling materials from oval‐shaped straight canals. Apical patency was reestablished in all specimens.
Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis caused by rabies virus (RABV). RABV infects the central nervous system and triggers acute encephalomyelitis in both humans and animals. Endemic in the Brazilian ...Northeast region, RABV emergence in distinct wildlife species has been identified as a source of human rabies infection and as such, constitutes a public health concern. Here, we performed post‐mortem RABV analyses of 144 encephalic tissues from bats sampled from January to July 2022, belonging to 15 different species. We identified phylogenetically distinct RABV from Phyllostomidae and Molossidae bats circulating in Northeastern Brazil. Phylogenetic clustering revealed the close evolutionary relationship between RABV viruses circulating in bats and variants hosted in white‐tufted marmosets, commonly captured to be kept as pets and linked to human rabies cases and deaths in Brazil. Our findings underline the urgent need to implement a phylogenetic‐scale epidemiological surveillance platform to track multiple RABV variants which may pose a threat to both humans and animals.
Abstract
Objectives
Gonorrhoea and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are major public health concerns globally. Enhanced AMR surveillance for gonococci is essential worldwide; ...however, recent quality-assured gonococcal AMR surveillance in Latin America, including Brazil, has been limited. Our aims were to (i) establish the first nationwide gonococcal AMR surveillance, quality assured according to WHO standards, in Brazil, and (ii) describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical gonococcal isolates collected from 2015 to 2016 in all five main regions (seven sentinel sites) of Brazil.
Methods
Gonococcal isolates from 550 men with urethral discharge were examined for susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, benzylpenicillin and tetracycline using the agar dilution method, according to CLSI recommendations and quality assured according to WHO standards.
Results
The levels of resistance (intermediate susceptibility) to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, benzylpenicillin and azithromycin were 61.6% (34.2%), 55.6% (0.5%), 37.1% (60.4%) and 6.9% (8.9%), respectively. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefixime using the US CLSI breakpoints. However, according to the European EUCAST cefixime breakpoints, 0.2% (n = 1) of isolates were cefixime resistant and 6.9% (n = 38) of isolates had a cefixime MIC bordering on resistance.
Conclusions
This study describes the first national surveillance of gonococcal AMR in Brazil, which was quality assured according to WHO standards. The high resistance to ciprofloxacin (which promptly informed a revision of the Brazilian sexually transmitted infection treatment guideline), emerging resistance to azithromycin and decreasing susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins necessitate continuous surveillance of gonococcal AMR and ideally treatment failures, and increased awareness when prescribing treatment in Brazil.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the bonding resistance of two dental ceramics. The samples, one of each type of ceramics, were split into 4 groups (n=4) separated from those from control ...group, the others were conditioned with 5% hydrofluoric acid, according to the times of 20, 40 and 60 seconds. Cylindrical pins of resin cement were applied in each sample. After a shearing test, the obtained results showed that experimental groups has given higher bonding strength values than the control groups for both ceramics. For the e.max ceramic, the highest values were observed with timings of 20 and 40 seconds and for the Suprinity ceramic the conditioning timings were insignificant. The authors concluded that the surface treatment with hydrofluoric acid improved the bonding strength for both ceramics; and the e.max ceramic showed higher bonding values than the Suprinity.
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